The moon on the horizon rose to the top of the tree, scaring away the magpies perched on the branches. The cool evening breeze seems to have spread to cicadas in the distance.

In the fragrance of rice and flowers, people talk about the harvest of a year, and frogs croak in their ears, as if in a bumper harvest year. In the old days, Maodian was near the forest, and the road turned to the stream bridge.

Enjoy 1

This word was written by Xin Qiji when he lived in Shangrao Lake. Huangsha, or Huangshaling, is located in the west of Shangrao County, Jiangxi Province, with beautiful scenery. The so-called "Xishan is a painting" (Xin Qiji's "Huangsha Road Partridge"). There is a bookstore near Xin Qiji and he often travels in Huangsha Road. Xin Qiji was a great official in the Southern Song Dynasty, but his bold and open-minded remarks and decisive and capable style, especially his political proposition of resuming the war of resistance, were envied by his colleagues and hit by the highest ruling class. In her eighth year in Song Xiaozong (1 18 1), Xichun was finally impeached and dismissed from office, and returned to her hometown in Daihu, where she lived in seclusion. Xin Qiji has always attached importance to agricultural production and sympathized with the sufferings of the people. During his tenure in Hunan, he played On the Thief Zazi, pleading for the people, detailing the people's "sufferings", pointing out the fact that "officials forced the people to rebel" and loudly calling on the court to "care for Yuan Yuan". Before he left office to live a leisurely life, he once said, "If you are diligent in life, you should give priority to farming." So, in the name of Jiaxuan, he became a Jiaxuan layman. Long-term leisure life in the countryside has brought him closer to the countryside and established deep feelings with farmers, so that everything in the countryside has aroused his great interest. Therefore, he is very concerned about the sufferings of farmers: "The father and the old argue that the rain is even, and his brow is not as wrinkled as last year. Thank you for your efforts, but you are dust. "(Huanxisha) He is also very happy that the weather is good and the people are not hungry. In these rural discourses, Xin Qiji opposed the peaceful and quiet countryside to the dirty "urban dynasty". "Ancient and modern tomb valley, the city often planted mulberry. "("Qingpingle Shang Lu Joe ") He is ostracized in officialdom, but he can get temporary comfort and seek spiritual sustenance in the countryside. Just like his friend Lu You said, "Farmers have fun, and they are no worse than cities" (Farmers in Yuechi County). It is under this complex emotion that Xin Qiji wrote such lively local words as "West River travels at night on Huangsha Road". Only by connecting with the author's life experience and ideological ambition can we appreciate the beauty of these words more deeply.

This song "Xijiang Moon" is a fragment of the author's night tour of Huangsha Road. On a sunny summer night in the south of the Yangtze River, the moonlight was as bright as day. The black magpie perched on the branches of green trees thought that dawn was coming, and jumped up in surprise, jumping from branch to branch, making the branches rustle! When it found something wrong, it stopped on another branch. Xu Lailiang breezes gently, branches swaying gently, and Xia Chan, who was too scared to sleep, sang a song in the middle of the night. On this intoxicating moonlit night, our poet wandered alone on Huangsha Road, listening to cicadas chirping and magpies chirping and smelling the rich fragrance of rice flowers. The sons of the proud water country seem to understand our poet's happy mood very well, so they played a cheerful symphony for him. From the chorus of this frog, our poet heard the news of a bumper harvest. The bright moon, the cool breeze, the surprised magpie, the cicada, the fragrant rice and the frog sound are all refreshing. The poet sees, hears, smells and feels everything. He was completely immersed in the comfort of the summer night in the south of the Yangtze River, and he couldn't help looking at the sky. There were only a few sparse stars hanging in the blue sky. However, "the weather is unpredictable", not to mention the summer weather in Jiangnan! I don't know when, suddenly a few floating clouds came and it rained like a prank. The sudden shower broke the poet's interest and he had to avoid the rain at night. I was in such a hurry that I couldn't take care of myself. When the road turned to Xiqiao, I suddenly looked up. Hey! A familiar Maodian appeared at the edge of the Woods of the Earth Temple. This is simply a beautiful and interesting moonlit map of a mountain village in the south of the Yangtze River in midsummer! Full of poetry and painting, giving people rich enjoyment of beauty.

What artistic means does the author use to express this moonlit picture of a mountain village in the south of the Yangtze River?

First of all, in the choice of intonation, the author chose the poem Xijiang Moon, which is easy to express lively and cheerful feelings. "Xijiangyue" is a disyllabic word with 50 words, with two lines of flat rhyme and tired rhyme on each leaf. The cicada, the year, the front and the edge in the poem Xijiang Moon are all in the rhyme, while the piece and the space at the end of the sentence belong to the same part in the rhyme. In this way, the harmony of the same rhyme can increase the aesthetic feeling of the word, and the two rhymes are arranged on the upper and lower sentences, and the tone is short and abrupt, making the whole word more harmonious and powerful. The number of words in each sentence of Xijiangyue is roughly neat, with six, six, seven and six sentence patterns. The two six words at the beginning of the shovel are easy to be dual. The first two sentences of Xijiang Moon are very stable. What needs to be pointed out here is the interpretation of "Biezhi". As far as I can see, there are roughly three explanations: one is to interpret "farewell" as "leaving", and there are two subtle different explanations here. One is the moonlight "off the branch" and the other is the black magpie "off the branch"; The second is to interpret "other branches" as "oblique branches"; The third is to interpret "another branch" as "another branch". I think the third explanation is better. Because the antithesis of "Bright Moon" is very stable. "Bright Moon" and "Breeze" are both natural landscapes, so it can be said that the breeze and bright moon don't need a penny to buy; "Jing que" is a verb, which is used to "sing cicadas", "Jing" and "Ming", all of which have the meaning of moving. Magpie and cicada are both flying and singing animals. "Biezhi" is a noun for "midnight", "zhi" and "night". "Ban" is an adjective here, and "Biezhi" should also be an adjective. If it is a verb, there is not even "midnight". Besides, the first two sentences of the word are: "Seven or eight stars are in the horizon, two or three points are before the rain", quantifiers are relative to quantifiers, nouns are relative to nouns, and locative words are relative to locative words. The antithesis is very neat. How can you imagine that Xin Qiji, who is proficient in Ci, will have an unpaired phenomenon in the duality of the same word? In fact, the "parting branch" here is the same as the "parting branch" in Fang Gan's poem "Juhao Pavilion" in the Tang Dynasty. Su Shi's poem "Moonlight Begins the Magpie to Rest" (see two poems "Two Rhymes Jiang Yingshu" and "Peony in Hangzhou ……") and Zhou Bangyan's poem "Moonlight Begins the Magpie to Rest" (Diezao Hangzhou) also show that the moon makes the magpie rise but can't decide, and the artistic conception is the same.

Secondly, the author adopts the expression techniques of side contrast and dynamic and static contrast. The bright moon, the cool breeze, the fragrant rice and the fragrant flowers, the starry rain, the Maodian Xiqiao are heartless things, and the surprise cicada frog naturally has no feelings. But the description of these objective scenery can reflect the author's thoughts and feelings. For the author of Huangsha Road at night, everything he saw, heard, smelled, touched and felt was refreshing and inspiring. The center of the whole word is "talking about bumper years", which embodies the happy mood brought by bumper years to the author. The first part of the word focuses on the rendering of "face". One or two sentences are silent, but focus on the description of static environment. The magpies are surprised and cicadas are singing, which shows the silence of the environment more and more. Three or four sentences are mixed with movement, with the focus on movement, frog sound and rice fragrance, all to highlight the word "bumper harvest". Shang Kun's rendering of "noodles" formed a cheerful atmosphere. The second part of the word focuses on the description of "point". The author chose a dramatic close-up on the way at night, just like throwing a stone on a calm lake, which aroused ripples. This funny episode filled the whole word with emotion. The first and third sentences are static, the second and fourth sentences are dynamic, while the "42" sentence pattern in the first and second sentences is brisk and ups and downs, and the words "turn" and "suddenly" in the last sentence make the author's happy mood jump from the page. It rained at night, but it didn't make the author uneasy and disappointed. On the contrary, it increased the poet's interest. Some comrades think that "there are seven or eight stars in the sky" is "the secret of writing clouds". In fact, only seven or eight stars are exposed from the clouds. But judging from the whole word, this explanation lacks emotion. This sentence is in line with the first sentence of the word, and it is the real scene of "the moon stars are rare". Huang Zunxian's poem "Going Early": "The East wants to be bright but not bright, and the Beidou is divided into two stars." That's what I wrote. If the clouds are thick and dense, it will take a long time to brew, and only seven or eight stars can be exposed, so the moon will be dim, so the author must be prepared for rain ideologically, which is not commensurate with the carefree and comfortable state of mind described by Shang Kun. In addition, the author often travels on Huangsha Road and is very familiar with the scenery along the way. If he had been prepared, the word "suddenly" in the sentence would be nowhere to be found. In midsummer, the weather is changeable. Just now, there were few stars in the moon and the breeze was slow. Unexpectedly, a few dark clouds flew in an instant, and then "two or three drops of rain" were scattered. The author was caught off guard and hurried to hide from the rain without thinking. Only when the road turned to the bridge did "Laomaomao" suddenly appear in front of him. The word "suddenly" is very vivid here. So I said it was "rain at night", it was a shower in midsummer. If it is rainy, it will be a bit of a wet blanket, which is not in harmony with the lively mood of the whole word. Lu Yanrang of the Five Dynasties wrote a poem in Song Si: "Two or three pieces of electricity want rain, and seven or eight stars are still in the sky." Don Li Shanfu's poem "Cold Food" also said: "Sometimes it rains at three or two, and there are ten branches and five flowers everywhere." Xin Qiji was obviously influenced by their words and sentences, but it cannot be concluded that "seven stars and eight stars" are caused by "the secret of clouds".

Thirdly, the whole word is clear and flexible, in order to better express lively emotions. Xin Ci is easy to use and discuss, but the author does not use allusions and does not discuss this small word. Instead, I use the method of drawing lines to describe what I have seen, heard and felt truthfully. It is fresh, lively and colorful, which shows the author's love for rural life and makes people feel very cordial and natural to read. It should be said that lyrical little words describing rural scenery like Xin Qiji's "Xijiang Moon" are rare in the whole classical poetry. (Zhang Zhonggang)

Appreciate II

The original title of "Xijiang Moon" is "Huangsha Road at Night", which records the scenery and feelings the author saw when he walked in the countryside at night. After reading the first half, you must feel wonderful in silence. The word "don't" in this sentence is a verb, which means that the moon sets, leaves the branches and wakes up the black magpies on the branches. This sentence is very meticulous realism, and only those who have seen this scene in the middle of the night can understand the beauty of this poem. Black magpies are extremely sensitive to light. They will wake up during the solar eclipse, fly around, cry, and the moon sets. In fact, this sentence means "tears on the moon" (Tang Zhangji's "Sleeping near Fengqiao"), but it is more vivid than "tears on the moon". The key lies in the word "don't", which means that the magpie branches are reluctant to part with the bright moon. Magpies often crow when they are frightened. You can see yourself if you don't crow here. Literally, it can also avoid the accumulation of "cicadas". The phrase "the smell of rice flowers" means that the season is in summer. These two sentences are the most vivid and profound in the whole poem, bringing the lively atmosphere and happy mood in the rural summer night to life. This is a typical environment. Each of these four sentences has a sound (the sound of magpies, cicadas, human voices and frogs), but each sentence also has a quiet night. These two flavors are reflected in Nightcrawler's feelings, and he is in a happy mood. The situation changed a little in the second half of the year. The rare stars in the sky indicate that time has progressed. It is clearly midnight and it is almost dawn. Rain in front of the mountain is a threat to Nightcrawler. This is a smooth wave, and you can imagine Nightcrawler's anxiety. With this wave, the conclusion is even more powerful. "When I turned to the bridge in the old days, I suddenly saw you" is an inverted sentence, which shows the surprise of "suddenly seeing you". I was worried about the rain, so I crossed the bridge. When the road turned, I suddenly saw the thatched shop where she had rested before. The happiness at this time can be compared with the two poems that "there is no way to recover, and there is another village" (Lu You's "Traveling to Shanxi Village"). The original title of the poem is "Huangsha Road at Night". The first six of the first eight sentences are all about scenery, and only the last two sentences show that someone is walking at night. These two sentences played a role in reflecting the whole song, so every sentence was written at night. Hide the front first, hit the nail on the head at the end, and make the finishing touch at the end. This skill is worth learning.

This word has a vivid and concrete atmosphere (usually called scenery), expressing a sense of intimacy and interest (usually referred to as goodwill for short). This whole scene blending is an artistic image. The strength of artistic image lies not in the number of plots used, but in whether those plots are typical and can be used as analogies to extend around and go deep into the deepest part of real life. If we can do this, it will be endless. When we say that China's poetic language is refined, we mean this broad representativeness and rich suggestibility. (Zhu Guangqian)