Cheerleading originated from cheerleading. Cheer partly means to cheer up the spirit and boost morale. Cheerleading originated from the rituals of early tribal society. In order to encourage soldiers who go out to fight or hunt, they usually hold a ceremony at which people cheer and dance to encourage soldiers and hope to return home in triumph. Cheerleading is a new sport, which originated in the United States, and is widely used in NBA, rugby, baseball, swimming, track and field, wrestling and other competitions in the United States. It has a history of over 65,438+000 years. At first, cheering for American football developed, and now it has become a worldwide sport.
Basic situation
Cheerleading is a popular and popular sport, which integrates group gymnastics, dance, music, fitness and entertainment. In a multi-person collective project
The World Cheerleading Championship is an important event in the world cheerleading field. From April 2/KLOC-0 to April 26 this year, Orlando Disneyland will welcome tens of thousands of top players from more than 60 organizations and more than 20 countries, including 8 teams representing China for the first time.
Cheerleading is also a kind of aerobics, but it is relatively easy compared with aerobics. It has always been a cheerleading performance during the intermission of ball games or other competitions ~ later, it began to form a project to compete ~ domestic cheerleading is famous in Guangdong and Guangxi ~ Shandong is represented by Shandong Normal University.
With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, more and more people pay attention to the unique practical value of cheerleading in health care, medical care, fitness, bodybuilding and entertainment. Attracted fans of different ages to participate, forming a certain scale of consumer groups. Television stations at all levels have produced special programs with competitions and popularization as their content, and the viewing frequency far exceeds other programs.
Because cheerleading competitions can be held in gymnasiums and on the stage, and the venues are used intensively during cheerleading competitions, it creates opportunities for enterprises to advertise in combination with competitions. Cheerleading projects are favored by more and more enterprises.
Modern cheerleading is a team form, which combines dance (dance), cheering (slogan), partner stunt (partner stunt, which refers to the difficult action of lifting), tumbling (skill), basket throwing (sedan chair throwing), pyramid (pyramid), jumping (jumping) and other action techniques. A sport with music, clothing, formation changes and marked items (such as colored balls, placards, horns and flags) and observing the rules of gender, number of people, time limit and safety in the competition rules is called competitive cheerleading, which can also be called cheerleading. Competitive cheerleading is divided into skill cheerleading and dance cheerleading. Among them, skill cheerleading includes mixed (mixed group), all-female (all-female group) and partner stunts; Dance cheerleading includes Pom (flower ball), High kick (high kick), Jazz (jazz) and Prop (props). The entry standard of the national cheerleading team championship, which represents the highest level of cheerleading in the world, is that the number of participating teams is between 6 and 32, and they are divided into four groups: amateur group, middle school group, university group and all-star group.
Several hand types commonly used in cheerleading
There are many hand types in cheerleading, which are absorbed and developed from ballet, modern dance, disco and martial arts. Hand shape is the extension and expression of arm movements. If used well, cheerleading movements will be more colorful, lively and infectious.
(1) convergence type: the five fingers are straight and close. The thumb is slightly bent and the knuckles are attached to the index finger.
(2) Separate type: the five fingers are forcibly straightened and fully opened.
(3) Ballet hand type: the five fingers are slightly flexed, the last three fingers are close together, slightly adducted, and the thumb is buckled.
(4) Boxing style: clench fist, thumb outward, knuckles bent, forefinger and middle finger close.
(5) Upright palm type: the five fingers are straight and the palms are forced upward.
(6) Spanish dancer's hand type: five fingers exert force, the little finger, ring finger and middle finger bend from the metacarpophalangeal joint in turn, and the thumb is slightly buckled.
Celebrity participation
Cheerleading is loved by students from presidents and prime ministers to white-collar workers in companies. Many presidents, prime ministers and other senior officials in the United States and Japan are also initiators and promoters of cheerleading promotion alliance.
Many people regard it as an honor to join cheerleading while studying, including former American presidents Eisenhower and Ronald? Reagan, current President George W. Bush, and movie star Kirk? Douglas Cameron. Diaz Sandra. Brooke, wait.
spirit of the times
Cheerleading is the most dazzling fashion sport in the United States, with lifts, people's towers, somersaults and throws … colorful, sparkling and full of youth.
Not only is the variety of performances dazzling, but cheerleading is more cooperative, enterprising, confident and enthusiastic, representing the spirit of publicity and vitality. Therefore, many Fortune 500 companies also encourage and organize employees to participate in this activity.
China: It's already started.
After the centenary of American cheerleading, special cheerleading competitions in China are quietly emerging.
Taking the 2008 Olympic Games as an opportunity, the Cultural Activities Department of the Organizing Committee of the 29th Olympic Games and the Gymnastics Management Center of the State General Administration of Sport jointly hosted the "Cheerleading Trial for Sports Programs of Beijing Olympic Games".
Two: Aerobics
Aerobics is a popular and popular sport that integrates group gymnastics, dance, music, fitness and entertainment.
Aerobics competitions include men's singles, women's singles, mixed doubles and threesome (male three; Female three; Mixed three people), mixed six people (male three, female three) cheerleading and so on. According to the nature, the competition is divided into championship and championship.
Aerobics originated from 1968. The first aerobics competition was held in the United States in 1983, and the first far east aerobics competition was held in Japan in 1984. Due to the success of the two competitions, aerobics began to rise in the world from 1984. The annual international activities include: Aerobics World Championships, World Cup, World Championships and World Tour. The International Aerobics Committee strives to incorporate aerobics into the 2004 Olympic Games.
With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, people pay more and more attention to the unique practical value of aerobics in health care, medical care, fitness, bodybuilding and entertainment. Attracted fans of different ages to participate, forming a certain scale of consumer groups. Television stations at all levels have produced special programs focusing on aerobics competitions and popularization, and the viewing frequency far exceeds other programs.
Because aerobics competitions can be held in gymnasiums and on the stage, as well as the characteristics of centralized use of venues during aerobics competitions, it creates opportunities for enterprises to advertise in combination with competitions. Aerobics is favored by more and more enterprises.
1987 The first national aerobics invitational tournament was held in Beijing, followed by four invitational tournaments in Beijing, Guiyang, Kunming and Beijing in 88, 89, 90 and 9 1 year. From 1992, it was renamed as the national championship and became a traditional event held every year. In addition, 1992 and 1995 held two national aerobics championships in Beijing. 1998, national championships and national aerobics games were held.
& lt the content and classification of aerobics
First, the content of aerobics
The movements of aerobics are composed of single movements, which come from unarmed gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics and dance.
(A) unarmed gymnastics movements
Bare-handed gymnastics is the most basic content of aerobics, which consists of the basic movements of head and neck, upper limbs, chest, waist and lower limbs, such as flexion, extension, rotation, winding, lifting, swinging and vibration. Only by mastering the movements of unarmed gymnastics correctly can it be possible to coordinate and accurately complete aerobics movements.
There are great differences between unarmed gymnastics and aerobics in their completion methods, mainly in rhythm, direction, route and modeling. Because of the novel and unique hand shape and step shape, especially hip movements, aerobics movements are more colorful.
(B) Rhythmic gymnastics unarmed movements
Wave action is a typical action of rhythmic gymnastics. In addition, swing, circle, flexion and extension, balance, turn, jump, dance steps and approximate skill movements are also the contents of aerobics movements. Rhythmic gymnastics unarmed exercises can not only cultivate people's aesthetic feeling, but also effectively enhance their physical fitness, improve coordination and increase the difficulty value of complete sets of movements.
Simple movements in modern dance
Aerobics absorbs a lot of movements of upper and lower limbs, trunk, head, neck and feet, especially hip movements in disco, jazz and thunder dances, which adds vitality to aerobics, but also helps to reduce the accumulation of fat in hip and abdomen and improve the coordination and flexibility of movements.
In addition, many movements in folk dance, queue and formation changes in basic gymnastics are also one of the contents of aerobics.
Second, the classification of aerobics
Aerobics can be divided into competitive aerobics and fitness aerobics. Competitive aerobics is compiled, trained and competed according to the requirements of competitive aerobics rules. Aerobics is universal and there is no uniform requirement.
(A) competitive aerobics
At present, competitive aerobics can be roughly divided into three competitions: (1) national aerobics competition; (2) National Workers Aerobics Competition; (3) National College Aerobics Competition. Competitive aerobics has strict and unified standards in practice field size, number of practitioners, specific movements, movement rhythm and so on, which must be carried out according to the rules and cannot be changed without authorization.
aerobics
The purpose of aerobics is to improve health, which can be adopted by people of different ages in society. According to the needs of the practice object, the movement is simple, the rhythm is slow, and the time is different, and it can be arranged for 5 minutes to 1 hour. For example, jane fonda, a famous American aerobics star, compiled a set of primary aerobics for 27 minutes. In Japan, the general duration of aerobics is around 1 hour. At present, aerobics is widely carried out in China, and there is no uniform standard for the practice time, venue, quantity, content, action name and rhythm of each set of aerobics movements, which can be arranged according to the needs of practitioners.
In addition to the above classification, aerobics can also be divided into the following categories according to certain characteristics:
(1) According to the main purpose and task of exercise, it can be divided into mass aerobics and competitive aerobics;
(2) According to the form of exercise, it can be divided into unarmed aerobics, light equipment aerobics and special bodybuilding equipment aerobics;
(3) According to the gender characteristics of practitioners, it can be divided into women's aerobics and men's aerobics;
(4) According to the characteristics of practitioners of different ages, it can be divided into infant aerobics, children aerobics, teenagers aerobics, teenagers aerobics, middle-aged aerobics and elderly aerobics;
(5) According to the anatomical characteristics of human body, it can be divided into neck aerobics, shoulder aerobics, arm aerobics, chest aerobics, waist and abdomen aerobics, hip aerobics, leg aerobics and foot aerobics.
(6) According to the characteristics of movements, it can be divided into body-building exercises, body-building exercises, running exercises and cushion exercises.
< Second > Several Hand Types Commonly Used in Aerobics
There are many hand types of aerobics, which are absorbed and developed from ballet, modern dance, disco and martial arts. Hand shape is the extension and expression of arm movements. If used well, it will make aerobics movements more colorful, lively and infectious.
(1) convergence type: the five fingers are straight and close. The thumb is slightly bent and the knuckles are attached to the index finger.
(2) Separate type: the five fingers are forcibly straightened and fully opened.
(3) Ballet hand type: the five fingers are slightly flexed, the last three fingers are close together, slightly adducted, and the thumb is buckled.
(4) Boxing style: clench fist, thumb outward, knuckles bent, forefinger and middle finger close.
(5) Upright palm type: the five fingers are straight and the palms are forced upward.
(6) Spanish dancer's hand type: five fingers exert force, the little finger, ring finger and middle finger bend from the metacarpophalangeal joint in turn, and the thumb is slightly buckled.
< Third > Common sense of aerobics practice.
In order to achieve the ideal exercise effect, we must arrange the exercise time and times scientifically and pay attention to exercise hygiene.
First, arrange the practice time and frequency reasonably.
Aerobics practice can be arranged in the morning, day or night according to one's work, study and living habits. Among them, 3 pm to 8 pm is the best time, because physical strength is relatively strong during this time, and exercise after work can also play a role in eliminating fatigue. 2-3 times a week, each time 1-2 hours. If you practice before meals, rest for half an hour before meals and rest for more than 1 hour after meals. Practice at night, two hours before going to bed, so as to avoid excessive excitement and falling asleep.