Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mainly includes chronic obstructive bronchitis and chronic obstructive emphysema, and airflow limitation in the late stage of bronchial asthma is also a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In China, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the main basic disease of cor pulmonale, and patients eventually die of respiratory failure and lung diseases. The death caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ranks first among rural residents.

Risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1)

Smoking: Smoking is the most important risk factor for COPD. Smoking can increase airway resistance, cause airway obstruction and damage, and reduce lung ventilation function. The more you smoke, the longer you smoke, and the more serious the airway injury.

Air pollution: Epidemiological data show that air pollution increases the incidence of respiratory diseases. Organic/inorganic dust and smoke in the occupation or environment are chronic irritants to bronchi, and cooking fume in the kitchen, liquefied petroleum gas and cooking fume, as well as spraying pesticides and deodorizers during housework, are also one of the common causes that cannot be ignored.

Recurrent infection: Frequent respiratory tract infection in childhood is one of the risk factors of COPD. 80% of chronic bronchitis in China is caused by upper respiratory tract infection, and the recurrent attack is because upper respiratory tract infection aggravates the condition and increases the mortality of COPD.

Genetic factors: α 1- antitrypsin deficiency is the only genetic factor that has been proved to be related to COPD.

Others, such as specific constitution, airway hyperresponsiveness, allergic history, climatic factors (cold and humid plateau, large temperature difference), vitamin deficiency in diet, A allele in ABO blood group, social and economic status, etc., have certain effects on the pathogenesis of COPD.

(2) Prevention and control of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Primary prevention: Strengthen the health education of COPD, and advise people to change their bad behaviors and lifestyles, so as to reduce the risk factors of COPD. Quitting smoking is the most effective and cost-effective intervention to reduce the risk of COPD and delay its progress. At the same time, it is necessary to eliminate air pollution, strengthen the control and management of occupational hazards, pay attention to improving indoor living conditions and reduce indoor air pollution. Usually pay attention to strengthening cold-resistant exercise and exercise to enhance physical fitness.

Secondary prevention: the key to early detection, early diagnosis and active treatment of early COPD.

Tertiary prevention: instruct COPD patients to actively prevent and treat upper respiratory tract infection, inject influenza vaccine into susceptible people, avoid contact with respiratory tract infection, improve disease resistance and prevent recurrence. Through comprehensive treatment, the purpose of delaying disease progress, improving self-care ability, improving quality of life and prolonging life can be achieved.