suggestion
Li Bai, a famous poet in Tang Dynasty, didn't like reading when he was a child. He often plays truant and wanders in the street.
One day, Li Bai did not go to school again. He wandered about the street, looked around and unconsciously arrived outside the city. Warm sunshine, cheerful bird songs and flowers swaying with the wind made Li Bai sigh, "How boring it is to study in the house all day in such good weather?"
Walking, at the door of a shabby hut, a white-haired old woman is grinding an iron pestle as thick as a stick. Li Bai walked over. "What are you doing, old woman?"
"I want to grind this iron pestle into an embroidery needle." The old woman looked up, smiled at Li Bai, and then lowered her head to continue grinding.
"Embroidered needle?" Li Bai asked again, "Is it an embroidery needle for sewing clothes?"
"Of course!"
"But, the iron pestle is so thick, when can it be ground into a fine embroidery needle?"
The old woman asked Li Bai, "A drop of water can pierce a stone, but a fool can move a mountain. Why can't an iron pestle be ground into an embroidery needle?"
"But, you are so old?"
"As long as I work harder than others, there is nothing I can't do."
Li Bai was ashamed of what the old woman said, and never played truant after he went back. I study very hard every day and finally become an immortal poet.
Study and explain ancient works.
No matter what you do, you will succeed as long as you have perseverance. Many things happen. If our children can be serious, diligent and persistent in their studies, it is no problem to get good grades.
(2) Smelling chickens dancing
suggestion
Zu Ti in Jin Dynasty was an open-minded and ambitious person. But he was a naughty boy when he was a child and didn't like reading. When he entered his youth, he realized his lack of knowledge and felt that he could not serve his country without studying, so he began to study hard. He read widely and studied history carefully, so he began to study hard. He read widely and studied history carefully, from which he learned a wealth of knowledge and made great progress. He has been in and out of Luoyang, Kyoto for many times, and people who have contacted him say that Zu Ti is a talented person who can assist the emperor in governing the country. When Zu Ti was 24 years old, he was recommended as a lawyer, but he didn't agree. He still studies tirelessly.
Later, Zu Ti and his childhood friend Liu Kunyi became the main book of Sizhou. He and Liu Kun have deep feelings. They not only share the same bed, but also share the same lofty ideal: to make contributions, revitalize the state of Jin and become a pillar of the country.
Once, in the middle of the night, Zu Ti heard the cock crow in his sleep. He kicked Liu Kun awake and said to him, "Everyone else thinks it's unlucky to hear a rooster crow in the middle of the night. I don't think so. How about we get up and practice swords when we hear chickens crow in the future? " Liu Kun readily agreed. So every day after the rooster crows, he gets up to practice his sword, and the light of the sword flies and the sound of the sword is sonorous. Spring goes to winter, cold goes to summer, and it never stops. Many things happen. After long and arduous study and training, they finally became generalists who can write good articles and lead troops to win the battle. Zu Ti was named General Zhenxi, realizing his desire to serve the country. Liu Kun became the commander-in-chief in charge of military affairs in Hebei and Youzhou, and also gave full play to his literary talent and military talent.
Study and explain ancient works.
This story comes from Biography of Jin Zu. The idiom "smell the chicken and dance" describes energetic and promising, and also means that people with lofty ideals should cheer up in time.
Better late than never
suggestion
This story comes from the Warring States Policy. During the Warring States Period, there was a minister in the State of Chu named Zhuang Xin. One day, he said to King Xiang of Chu: "When you were in the palace, Zhou Hou was on the left and Xiahou was on the right; When you went out, Yan Lingjun and Shou Jing Jun followed you all the time. You and these four people are very particular about luxury and debauchery. Regardless of national events, Ying (Chu capital, in the north of jiangling county, Hubei Province) will be in danger! "
Wang Xiang was very unhappy after hearing this. He got angry and scolded, "Are you crazy? Deliberately saying these insidious words to confuse people? "
Zhuang Xin replied unhurriedly: "I really think things must come to this, and I dare not deliberately say that Chu has any misfortune."
If you always cherish this man, Chu will surely perish. Since you don't believe me, please allow me to hide in Zhao and see what will happen. "Zhuang Xin lived in Zhao for five months, and Qin really invaded Chu and was forced into exile in Yangcheng (now northwest of Xixian County, Henan Province). Only then did I feel that Zhuang Xin's words were good, so I quickly sent someone to get Zhuang Xin back and asked him what he could do. Zhuang Xin said sincerely: "I've heard that it's not too late to think of hounds when I see rabbit teeth;" "It's not too late to mend. ……"
Study and explain ancient works.
This is a very meaningful story. You only know how to have fun, not how to do things. The result must be a tragic failure.
The idiom "Better late than never" is based on the above two sentences, which means that if something goes wrong, it's not too late to fix it. For example, a successful person misjudges the development of things, travels light and falls into a state of failure. But he was not discouraged. He thought things over patiently, learned a lesson from this mistake, and thought that it was not too late to "mend after it is late" from scratch!
make an overall judgement of sth. on the basis of one-sided viewpoint
suggestion
According to ancient Indian Buddhist scriptures, there was a small country in ancient India, and the king's name was King Mirror. He believes in Sakyamuni's Buddhism and worships Buddha and recites scriptures every day. He is very religious. However, there were many religions and witchcraft in China at that time, and most subjects were confused by their preaching, which was not conducive to the governance of the country. King Jing wanted to convert his subjects to Buddhism, so he came up with an idea: educate and induce them with the appearance of blind people touching elephants. King Jing ordered his courtiers to say, "Find some blind people to come to the city." The messenger quickly gathered a group of blind people and took them to the palace.
The messenger went into the palace and reported to the mirror king, "Your Majesty, the blind man you ordered to look for has now been taken to the front of the temple." King Mirror said, "You will take the blind people to the elephant garden early tomorrow morning, so that each of them can only touch one part of the elephant's body, and then take them to the square in front of the palace immediately."
The next morning, King Jing called all the ministers and tens of thousands of civilians to gather in the square in front of the palace. People are whispering, and no one knows what important things the king is going to announce. Soon, the messenger led the blind man to the high seat of the king of mirrors, and the people in the square suddenly became quiet. The mirror king asked the blind man, "Have you all touched elephants?" The blind people said in unison, "I touched the elephant!" " "The mirror king added," Each of you tell me what an elephant looks like! "The blind man who touched the elephant's leg first stood up and said," Tell the wise king that the elephant is like a vat full of paint. " The blind man touching the elephant's tail said, "Your Majesty, elephants should be like brooms." The blind man who touched the elephant's belly said, "Your Majesty, elephants are really like drums." Later, those who touched the elephant's head said that the elephant was like a big spoon, those who touched the big ivory said that the elephant was like a horn, those who touched the back of the elephant's tail said that the elephant was like a stick, and those who touched the elephant's ears said that the elephant was like a dustpan. Finally, the blind man touching the elephant's nose said, "Your Majesty, the elephant is really like a thick rope." A group of blind people are divided into several groups, arguing endlessly, saying that they are right and others are wrong. One by one, they went to see Wang Qian in the mirror and argued, "Your Majesty! The elephant is really like what I said! " At this time, the subjects present laughed at this, and the king of the mirror also looked at the people meaningfully and laughed.
source
Nirvana Sutra 32: "Those who touch the teeth are like reed roots, those who touch the ears are like dustpans, those who touch the nose are like pestles, those who touch the feet are like wooden mortar, those who touch the spine are like beds, those who touch the abdomen are like urns, and those who touch the tail are like ropes."
explain
Metaphor is based on one-sided understanding or local experience of things, just adding speculation and trying to make a comprehensive judgment.
(5) wait for him.
suggestion
According to legend, during the Warring States Period, there was a farmer in the Song Dynasty who worked at sunrise every day and rested at sunset. In case of famine, he will starve. He wants to improve his life, but he is too lazy and timid. He is lazy, afraid of everything and always wants to meet the unexpected wealth delivered to his door.
The miracle finally happened. One day in late autumn, he was plowing in the field and there were people hunting around him. The sound of shouting came one after another everywhere, and the frightened little beast ran desperately. Suddenly, a rabbit, impartial, bumped into his field root.
On the same day, he had a delicious meal.
After that, he stopped farming. All day, looking at the magical roots, waiting for the miracle to appear.
Study and explain ancient works.
The idiom "waiting for a rabbit" means getting something for nothing, or sticking to a narrow experience and not knowing how to change it.
(6) Encourage seedlings.
suggestion
Once upon a time, there was a farmer in Song State. He thought that the seedlings in his field were growing too slowly, so he was worried all day. One day, he went down to the field with a hoe. He felt that the rice seedlings didn't seem to grow up at all, so he thought hard about how to make the rice grow taller.
Suddenly, he had a brainwave. Without hesitation, he rolled up his trouser legs and jumped into the rice field, and began to pull up the seedlings. In the evening, the farmer finally finished what he thought was a clever masterpiece, ran home triumphantly and couldn't wait to tell his wife, "Tell you an amazing thing, I thought of a good idea today, which made the rice seedlings in our field grow a lot taller." The farmer's wife was dubious and asked her son to go to the field to see what was going on. My son heard that the rice at home had grown taller and flew to the field excitedly to see it. At this time, he found that although the rice seedlings were tall, they hung down tree by tree and were about to wither.
Study and explain ancient works.
This story tells us that we should never learn from the peasants of the Song Dynasty. Everything has its order. If you just want to finish it early, you will destroy its order. In the end, we won't finish ahead of time, but we will accomplish nothing.
(7) Buy bamboo slips and return pearls.
suggestion
He is from the State of Chu and has a beautiful pearl, which he intends to sell. In order to get a good price, he tried his best to package the pearls. He felt that with noble packaging, the "identity" of pearls naturally rose.
The Chu people discovered the valuable Mulan, and invited skilled craftsmen to make a box (that is, a bamboo raft) for the pearl, and smoked the box with cinnamon spice. Then, on the outside of the box, many beautiful patterns were carved and inlaid with beautiful metal lace. It looks shiny. It's really a delicate and beautiful handicraft.
In this way, the Chu people carefully put pearls into boxes and took them to the market to sell.
Soon after arriving at the market, many people gathered around to admire the Chu people's boxes. A Zheng people hold the box in their hands and can't put it down for a long time. Finally, he paid a high price for the Chu people's box. Zheng paid the money and came back with a box. But he came back after a few steps. The Chu people thought that Zheng people regretted returning the goods. Before the Chu people could finish thinking, Zheng people had come to the Chu people. I saw Zheng people take pearls out of the open box and give them to the Chu people, saying, "Sir, you left a pearl in the box. I'll return it to you when I come back." So Zheng gave the pearl to the Chu people, then looked down at the wooden box and went back.
The Chu people stood there awkwardly with the returned pearls. He thought others would appreciate his pearls, but he didn't expect the exquisite outer packaging to exceed the value in the box, so that "a presumptuous guest usurps the host's role" made the Chu people laugh and cry.
Study and explain ancient works.
Zheng people only pay attention to appearance and ignore essence, which makes him make improper choices. The "over-packaging" of the Chu people is also somewhat ridiculous.
(8) Make up the numbers.
suggestion
According to Everything is Wrong, Qi Xuanwang likes to listen and brag, and also likes to talk about ostentation and extravagance. 300 people whistled for him. He often asks these 300 people to play for him. There is a South China gentleman who can't play the flute at all. Seeing this opportunity, he went to Qi Xuanwang and asked to join the flute team. Qi Xuanwang put him on the blowing team and paid him a high salary. Teacher Nan Guo, who doesn't know how to play the flute at all, is always in the queue, posing with a flute. The day passed by, and I was never found.
After Qi Xuanwang's death, King Qi Min succeeded to the throne. Unlike Qi Xuanwang, he doesn't like to listen to everyone playing the flute together, but likes to let the flute players play for him one by one. When Mr. Nan Guo heard the news, he had to be defeated and flee, and he dared not pretend to be a braggart.
Study and explain ancient works.
Western proverbs say that you can deceive some people at some time, but you can't deceive all people. Mr. Nan Guo Can can't snitch, but he pretends that he will, and eventually he will show the cloven foot.
This story also shows that Mr. Nan Guo is not good at using good study conditions. In Qi Xuanwang's 300-player team, I get along well with 299 other musicians and have rich learning resources. But he didn't realize it. He is content to make up for what he has done, deceiving himself and others, and can only muddle through.
(9) Follow the map.
suggestion
Sun Yang, a native of Qin in the Spring and Autumn Period, is said to be the most famous horse expert in ancient China. He can tell a horse at a glance. Because it is said that Bole is the god in charge of horses in the sky, people call Sun Yang Bole.
It is said that Bole compiled his rich horse knowledge and experience into a book "Xiangma Jing". In the book, he wrote down various characteristics of a swift horse and drew many illustrations for people to understand horses.
Bole has a son with poor intelligence. He has read his father's Sweet Horse Sutra, and he really wants to go out and find a swift horse. He saw in "Xiang Ma Jing" that "the main characteristics of a swift horse are high forehead, big eyes and hooves like folded wine bars", so he took out a book and tried his eyesight.
Not far away, he saw a big toad, quickly caught it and told his father, "I found a good horse, which is similar to what you said in your book" Xiangma Jing ",except that its hoof is not like a folded bar of wine!"
Bole looked at the big toad in his son's hand and couldn't help but be funny and angry. He said humorously: "This' horse' loves to jump and can't ride!"
source
This idiom comes from "cutting mountains with forests", and Bole's Xiang has the saying that "the hoof is like a tired mulberry at dusk", and his son holds "Ma Jing" as a horse. When he met the big toad, he said to his father, "I got a horse, just like that one, but its hooves are not as good as music."
Study and explain ancient works.
Seeking a good horse according to the image is a metaphor for sticking to dogma and sticking to the rules. What I mean now is to follow the clue. Seeking is seeking, riding a good horse.
(10) Handan toddler
suggestion
Legend has it that two thousand years ago, there was a teenager in Shouling, Yan State. If you don't know his last name, just call him Shouling Youth!
This young Shouling is not worried about food and clothing, and he is a medium-sized talent in appearance, but he lacks self-confidence. He often feels that he is nothing like others for no reason-good clothes, delicious food and elegant standing and sitting. He learns what he sees and loses what he learns. Although he has a new look, he still can't do one thing well. He doesn't know what he should look like.
His family advised him to change this problem, which he thought was because his family cared too much.
Relatives and neighbors said he was a bear breaking a stick, but he didn't listen at all. Over time, he doubted whether he should walk like this, and the more he looked at it, the more he felt that his walking posture was too stupid and ugly.
One day, he met several people talking and laughing on the road, only to hear someone say that the walking posture of Handan people is beautiful. As soon as he heard this, he had a heart attack and hurried forward to find out. Unexpectedly, the men saw him and walked away with a smile.
How beautiful is the walking posture of Handan people? He can't imagine. This has become his heart disease. Finally, one day, he went to Handan, a distant place, to learn to walk without telling his family.
When I arrived in Handan, I felt fresh and dazzling everywhere. Seeing children walking, he feels lively, beautiful and academic; Seeing the old man walking, he felt steady and learned; Watch women walk, sway and learn. In this way, after only half a month, he couldn't even walk, and his travel expenses were spent, so he had to climb back.
Study and explain ancient works.
The story comes from Zhuangzi Autumn Water. The idiom "Handan toddler" means to imitate others mechanically. Instead of learning from others' strengths, you will lose your own strengths and skills.
a frog living at the bottom of a well-depicting a man of ignorance
suggestion
Zhuangzi Qiushui tells the story of a frog in a shallow well and a turtle in the East China Sea. One day, a frog in a shallow well saw a chinemys reevesii in the East China Sea and said happily, "I'm so happy!" " Jumping around the well when you come out, and resting in the cracks in the wall bricks when you go in; When I jumped into the well, the water soaked my armpits and cheeks; If you swim to shallow water, the mud soup will slip. I own a well, and neither crabs nor tadpoles can compare with me. Why don't you come down and have a look? "
The turtle in the East China Sea came to the well, and its left foot was stuck in the stone knee before it went in. The tortoise in the East China Sea retreated slowly, and then told the shallow well frog what the sea was like: "It is not enough to explain the vastness of the sea with words thousands of miles away;" It is not enough to measure its depth with the word as high as 1000 feet. When Dayu flooded in ten years and nine years, the sea water did not increase much; At seven o'clock in the morning when Shang Tang was eight years old, the sea didn't decrease much ... "The frog in the shallow well was dumbfounded, frightened and lost something. It doesn't think there is a bigger world than its well!
Belong to the dynasty
the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period
source
Zhuangzi Qiushui: "The well frog can't talk to the people in the sea, but stay in the air."
Study and explain ancient works.
A frog in the well can only see a day as big as the wellhead. Metaphor is a narrow-minded person.
(12) Ye Gong Haolong
suggestion
Lu Aigong often tells others how eager he is for talents and how much he likes people with knowledge and talent. A man named, hearing that talented people are very welcome, came to Lu from far away and asked to see him.
He has lived in Lu for seven days, but there is no sign of him waiting. It turns out that Lu Aigong said that he likes knowledgeable people just to follow the fashion and learn from other monarchs. He didn't take Zhang Zi, who came to see him seriously, and forgot about it long ago. Zhang Zi was very disappointed and angry. He told the driver a story in Lu Aigong and asked the driver to tell it to Lu Aigong.
Then, Zhang Zi quietly left.
Finally, one day, Lu Aigong remembered that he wanted a screwdriver and was about to ask his coachman to get it. The coachman said to Lu Aigong, "He has already left."
Lu Aigong was puzzled. He asked the coachman, "Didn't he come to see me? Why did you leave again? "
So the coachman told Lu Aigong the story left by Zhang Zi. The story goes like this:
There was a man named Ye who always boasted about how much he liked dragons. He painted dragons on clothes hooks, carved dragons on wine vessels, and carved dragons in all places with patterns in his home and bedroom. The real dragon in the sky was very moved to learn that Ye Gaozi liked dragons so much. One day, the real dragon landed in a house with high leaves. It put its head into the window to visit and dragged its tail in the hall. This leaf had a brilliant idea, so it turned pale and ran back in a panic. The real dragon is puzzled and disappointed. In fact, Ye Ye doesn't really like dragons, but he likes them formally and verbally.
Study and explain ancient works.
In our real life, there are many people like Ye Gao. They often flaunt the same thing verbally, but once they want to get serious, they run away from the game. What's the difference between this and Ye?
(13) stealing ear bells
suggestion
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhi Bo, a nobleman of the State of Jin, was defeated. Someone took the opportunity to steal from Fan's house and saw a big clock hanging in the yard. This clock is made of exquisite bronze with exquisite shapes and patterns. The thief was very happy. He wanted to take this beautiful clock home. But this clock is big and heavy, so it cannot be moved. There is only one way he can think of, and that is to break the clock and move home separately.
The thief found a big hammer and threw it at the clock desperately. There was a loud bang, which startled him. The thief panicked and thought, this is bad. Isn't this noise equivalent to telling people that I stole the clock here? In desperation, he jumped on the bell and tried to cover it with open arms, but how to cover it? The bell is still echoing in the distance.
The more he listened, the more afraid he became. He withdrew his hands freely and covered his ears hard. "Hey, the bell is getting smaller and I can't hear it!" The thief was very happy. "wonderful! You can't hear the bell if you can't cover your ears! " He immediately found two cloth balls to plug his ears, thinking that no one could hear the bell. So I let go and hit the bell. When the bell rang, it spread loudly to far away places. People heard the bell rush in and caught the thief.
source
The story comes from Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals: Self-knowledge.
Study and explain ancient works.
"Stealing the bell of the ear" is said to be "stealing the bell of the ear", which is a metaphor for the cover-up behavior of stupidity and self-deception.
(14) contradiction
suggestion
There is a man who sells weapons in Chu State. He went to the market to sell spears and shields.
Many people came to see it, so he raised his shield and boasted to everyone: "My shield is the strongest in the world, and no matter how sharp it is, it can't be pierced!"
Then, the weapon seller picked up another spear and boasted, "My spear is the sharpest in the world. No matter how strong it is, it can't stop its poke. As long as you touch it, hehe, it will be pierced immediately! " He was so proud that he shouted, "Come and see, come and buy, the strongest shield and the sharpest spear in the world!" " "
At this time, an audience stepped forward, picked up a spear and a shield and asked, "What if this spear is used to poke this shield?" "This-"the onlookers froze first, and immediately burst into laughter and dispersed.
The weapon seller left with a spear and shield on his back.
source
Everything is wrong and the situation is difficult.
The guests obsessed with the shield praised its firmness: "You can't sink." They also praised his spear and said, "Everything is trapped in the benefits of my spear." People should say, "What about the given spear and the trapped shield?" He has the ability to respond.
Study and explain ancient works.
"Spear" is an ancient weapon with a long handle and a metal spearhead, which is used to assassinate the enemy. "Shield" is a weapon used in ancient times to protect oneself and stop the assassination of the enemy. Later, self-contradictory metaphor language and action are inconsistent or contradictory.
Water droplets penetrated the stone.
suggestion
In the Song Dynasty, Zhang Guaiya was the county magistrate of Chongyang. At that time, it was common for soldiers to abuse generals and small officials and invade officials. Zhang Chengya thinks this is an abnormal thing and is determined to rectify this phenomenon.
One day, he patrolled around the yamen. Suddenly, he saw a small official coming out of the vault in a panic. Zhang Chengya stopped the little official and found a penny hidden under his turban. The deacon hesitated for a long time before admitting that it was stolen from the government army. Zhang Chengya returned to the lobby with a small official and ordered torture. The little official was unconvinced: "A penny is nothing! You can only hit me, not kill me! " Zhang Chengya was furious and sentenced him, "One yuan a day, 1,000 yuan a day. If a rope is sawed off, a stone will fall through." In order to punish this behavior, Zhang Chengya beheaded the little official in public.
Study and explain ancient works.
The original metaphor of the idiom "a drop of water wears a stone" will become a big mistake if it is not corrected. Metaphor as long as you persist, you can always get things done.
(16) Learn from others.
suggestion
Xi is one of the "four beauties" in the history of China. She was a Vietnamese in the Spring and Autumn Period. Her every move is attractive, but she is in poor health and heartbroken.
Once, she finished washing clothes by the river and was ready to go home. On the way home, she suddenly felt a pain in her chest, so she put her hand on her chest and frowned. Although she looks uncomfortable, all the villagers I met praised her and said that she was more beautiful than usual.
There is a girl named Dong Shi in the same village. Because she was not good-looking, she saw that everyone in the village praised the stone for holding hands beautifully, held out her chest like a stone and walked slowly in front of people with a frown, thinking that someone would praise her. She is ugly, and she deliberately imitates the teacher's movements, putting on airs, which is even more disgusting. After someone sees it, close the door quickly; Some people quickly pull away their wives and children, and look down on Dong Shi even more than before!
Study and explain ancient works.
Dong Shi only knew that his frown was beautiful, but he didn't know that it was because of his own beauty. He deliberately imitated it, leaving only a joke of "learning from the East" to future generations.