There is a complete list of fruit tree names, and people can't live without fruit. Everyone eats fruit every day, but everyone has different preferences for fruit. Fruit is a vitamin that human health needs to supplement. Different national trees give birth to different fruits. The following is a complete list of fruit tree names.
Fruit tree name 1 1, apple tree
The fruit of apple tree is rich in minerals and vitamins and is one of the most commonly eaten fruits. The length of fruit growth period is generally 65-87 days for early-maturing varieties, 90- 133 days for middle-maturing varieties and 137- 168 days for late-maturing varieties. Generally speaking, the life span of planted apples can reach 15-50 years.
2. pear tree
Pear fruit is edible and has high nutritional and medicinal value. The trunk bark is smooth at the young tree stage, and it thickens, cracks or peels off longitudinally with the growth of tree age. The shoots are hairless or have fine hairs, and then fall off; Branches over 2 years old are grayish yellow or even purplish brown.
3, pomegranate tree
The history of pomegranate cultivation in China can be traced back to the Han Dynasty. According to Lu Gong's records, it was introduced from the Western Regions by Zhang Qian. Both north and south of China are cultivated, and Anhui, Jiangsu, Henan and other places have large planting areas, and some better varieties have also been cultivated. Huaiyuan County is the hometown of pomegranate in China, and "Huaiyuan Pomegranate" is a national geographical indication protection product.
4. Cherry tree
Cherry tree is a small deciduous tree of Rosaceae and Prunus, and its height can reach 8 meters. The leaves are ovoid to ovoid-elliptic, 7~ 12cm long, sharp at the apex, round at the base, with serrated edges of different sizes, glands between teeth, hairless or hairless at the top and sparse at the back.
5. persimmon tree
Persimmon trees are native to the Yangtze River valley in China, and are also cultivated in Taiwan Province Province in the east. It is cultivated in Korea, Japan, Southeast Asia, Oceania, Algeria, France, the Soviet Union and the United States in North Africa.
Fruit tree name 2 1. Longan: The scientific name "Longan", also known as "Longan", belongs to the genus Longan of Sapindaceae. Longan originated in southern China and distributed in Fujian, Taiwan Province, Hainan and Guangdong. Because its aril is rich in vitamins and phosphorus, it is beneficial to the spleen and brain, so it is also used as medicine.
Longan fruit is rich in nutrition and is a precious high-grade tonic. The medicine is warm and sweet, and has the functions of nourishing heart, strengthening spleen, nourishing blood and calming nerves. Indications: deficiency of both qi and blood, palpitation and restlessness, forgetfulness and insomnia, blood deficiency and sallow, as well as deficiency of middle-aged and elderly people, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease. Regular consumption can achieve the effect of replenishing qi and blood and improving sleep quality. It can also achieve the effect of strengthening the brain and caring skin. Longan is a kind of nourishing food which is common and affordable at present.
2. Litchi: Litchi is an evergreen tree belonging to the genus Litchi of Sapindaceae, which is native to southern China and is cultivated most in southern Guangdong and Fujian. Litchi is a common fruit with high nutritional value. Together with bananas, pineapples and longan, it is called "the four major fruits in South China". Litchi peel has scaly protrusions, bright red and purple, and the pulp is delicious, but it is not resistant to storage. Litchi is sweet, sour and warm, and enters the heart, spleen and liver meridians; It can stop hiccups, relieve diarrhea, strengthen the brain, strengthen the body, stimulate appetite and strengthen the spleen, and promote appetite. Because of sexual heat, eating too much is easy to get angry. Litchi wood is solid, elegant and corrosion-resistant, and has always been a first-class material.
Litchi pulp can be canned, pickled and brewed to make other processed products besides fresh and dry. Litchi seed contains starch, which can be used for wine making, and can make wine per 100 kg 10 kg or more. Flowers are fragrant, rich in honey, and pericarp, bark and roots contain a lot of tannins, which are raw materials for pharmacy and seeds can also be used as medicine. Litchi is dry, fine, sweet and solid, moisture-proof and corrosion-resistant. It is an excellent wood for building, shipbuilding, bridging and furniture. Branches and leaves can be used as fuel. It is a fruit tree with high practical value. Litchi is common in literary works, the most representative of which is Su Shi's Eat Litchi in Song Dynasty:
It's spring at four o'clock in Luofu Mountain, and tangerines and bayberries are new.
300 lychees a day, I will grow up to be a Lingnan person without hesitation.
3. Mango tree: also known as,,, and fruit, is an evergreen Araliaceae plant. Its origin is India, Malaysia and Myanmar. Mango fruit is oval and smooth, with lemon yellow skin, tender meat and sweet smell. It is rich in sugar, vitamins and protein. Can be used to make fruit juice, jam, canned food, pickled food, hot and sour pickles, mango milk powder and honey. Mango leaves and bark can be used as yellow dyes. Wood is hard and resistant to seawater, suitable for boats, cars and furniture. Mango, an evergreen tree with a large crown, is a good garden and street tree species in tropical areas.
Mango is a famous tropical fruit, known as the "king of tropical fruits". Mango pulp is delicate, and the fruit contains a lot of vitamins, carotene and other mineral elements such as iron and calcium. The crown is slightly oval or spherical, the trunk is straight, the bark is gray or gray mango brown, the branches are not easy to break, and the branchlets are straight. Mango skin contains a faint fragrance. Eating mango has the function of clearing the stomach, and has a certain antiemetic effect on motion sickness and seasickness.
4. Banana tree: Banana is a plant of Musaceae, which is native to tropical and subtropical areas of Southeast Asia. Bananas are widely cultivated in tropical areas in southern China. Banana is a high-calorie fruit and a staple food in some tropical areas. Banana pulp has high nutritional value, in addition, it also contains a variety of trace elements and vitamins. Among them, vitamin A can promote growth and enhance resistance to diseases, which is necessary to maintain normal fertility and vision. Thiamine can resist beriberi, stimulate appetite, help digestion and protect nervous system; Riboflavin can promote the normal growth and development of human body. Bananas not only stabilize serotonin and melatonin, but also contain magnesium, which can relax muscles, so friends who are often stressed at work can eat more.
Bananas prolong life, suitable for all ages, and are the first choice for dieters. It is suitable for patients with fever, dry mouth and polydipsia, laryngeal cancer, dry stool, hemorrhoids, anal fissure, hematochezia, cancer and after radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Suitable for patients with upper digestive tract ulcer, tuberculosis and intractable dry cough; Suitable for people who drink too much and still have alcohol; Suitable for people with hypertension, coronary heart disease and arteriosclerosis; At the same time, it has a good effect on constipation, indigestion and other symptoms; Suitable for people with fatty dysentery and toxic dyspepsia.
Banana pulp is sweet, soft and smooth, delicious, fragrant and nutritious, and it is one of people's favorite fruits. Europeans call it "happy fruit" because it can relieve depression. On the basis of bananas, creative and cultural fruits have emerged to help people create happiness.
5. Citrus: Citrus is the general name of orange, orange, kumquat, grapefruit and bitter orange. It belongs to rutaceae. Originated in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of China. China is one of the important origins of citrus. Citrus is rich in planting resources, with excellent varieties, large fruit, nearly spherical, yellow peel, orange yellow or orange red, thick skin, thick sponge layer, loose texture, slightly difficult to peel, and oval seeds. Moderate sweet and sour, resistant to storage.
Medicinal value of citrus. Since ancient times, orange complex, Fructus Aurantii, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride and Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae have all been Chinese herbal medicines, and the exocarp of orange is called "Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae" after drying in the sun (hence the name "Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae"). The white reticular silk on orange meat, called "orange silk", contains a certain amount of vitamin P, which has the effects of dredging collaterals, resolving phlegm, regulating qi and resolving food stagnation. Orange stone tastes bitter and non-toxic, and has the function of promoting qi circulation and relieving pain. Can be used for treating hernia and lumbago. Even the roots and leaves of oranges can be used as medicine, which has different effects such as soothing the liver, strengthening the spleen and regulating the stomach.
Citrus is a small evergreen tree. The flowers, leaves and skins of citrus are all high-quality raw materials for extracting essence, making oxygen and absorbing carbon dioxide, which have great "carbon sink" value. Citrus is evergreen all the year round, with beautiful tree posture, and it is a good garden ornamental plant. Chongming tangerine, which integrates flower viewing, fruit viewing and fragrance smelling, is of positive significance for improving forest coverage, green space rate and ecological environment.
6. citrus reticulata, also known as Guo Huang, Citrus, Jinhuan and Liu Ding, is a kind of citrus reticulata fruit of Rutaceae and Citrus, and is a small tree. Originated in southern China. Oranges are mainly divided into sweet orange, navel orange, blood orange, sugar orange and red orange. In China, young fruits and fallen fruits can be dried and used as medicine. Storage and transportation resistance. The maturity varies greatly, which can prolong the supply period of fresh fruit and processing raw materials. Citrus varieties can be divided into early, middle and late maturity according to fruit maturity.
Navel orange fruit is spherical, oblate or oval, orange yellow to orange red, and there are some umbilical cords formed by immature carpels at the top of the fruit. The fruit is verified or half full, and the flesh is yellowish, orange-red or purplish red. Navel orange is rich in nutrition, and fresh fruit can also be squeezed and drunk. Navel orange has a large amount of flowers, and its flowers can be smoked into turnip tea, and essential oil can be extracted from peel, leaves and twigs. The pulp can be used as seasoning or additive for other foods.
Navel orange is rich in nutrition, and many nutrients are higher than other oranges. Among them, navel orange ranks first in terms of calories, sugar, calcium, iron and vitamins. Besides, oranges are common fruits in China New Year, symbolizing reunion and family happiness.
Vii. grapefruit tree: also known as "Wendan", "Lu 'an" and "Tou". Rutaceae citrus plants, evergreen trees. Native to Southeast Asia, it is cultivated in China and southern provinces. Grapefruit likes warm and humid climate and is not tolerant of drought. High-quality aromatic oil can also be extracted from the skin, flowers and leaves of grapefruit, and high-quality pectin can be extracted from the skin. The pulp can be processed into juice, wine, citric acid, jam and canned food. The pulp contains high vitamin C, which can promote digestion and relieve alcoholism. The leaves, flowers and peels of grapefruit contain almost the same aromatic oil as citron and lemon.
The shape of grapefruit is usually oblate or spherical, with thick skin, sweet and juicy fruit, orange peel and fragrance. Grapefruit has high sugar content, moderate sweetness and sourness, rich nutrition and storage resistance. High-quality pectin can be extracted from the peel, and the pulp can be processed into fruit juice, fruit wine, citric acid, jam and canned food. Known as "natural canned food".
8. Lemon: Lemon, also known as lemon fruit, foreign lemon, beneficial mother fruit and so on. , is a dicotyledonous citrus plant of Rutaceae. Small evergreen trees, native to Southeast Asia, mainly produced in the United States, Italy, Spain and Greece. The fruit is oval to obovate, large, ovoid or oval. Flowers axillary or rarely clustered. The fruit is oval or ovoid, with thick peel, usually rough, lemon yellow, sour to very sour juice, small seeds, ovoid and sharp; Seed coat is smooth, cotyledons are milky white, usually single embryo or multi-embryo. The fruit is medium-sized, oval or oval, with short necks of different lengths, thick peel and sunken oil cells on the surface. When ripe, the fruit is yellow, with as few stones as seedless, juicy and high acid.
Because of its sour taste, lemon is the most popular food for pregnant women, so it is called beneficial mother fruit or beneficial mother and child. Lemon is rich in citric acid, so it is called "citric acid warehouse". Lemon leaves can be used to extract spices, and lemon peel can produce lemon essential oil. Lemon juice is crisp and tender, with rich aroma. Because it tastes particularly sour, it can only be used as a superior seasoning. Lemon peel is rich in aromatic volatile components, which can promote fluid production and relieve summer heat, stimulate appetite and strengthen the spleen. Summer is hot and humid, and many people are very tired. After working or studying for a long time, you often have a bad appetite. Drinking a cup of lemon soaked in water, the fresh and sour taste makes people feel refreshed and can open their appetite.
Kumquat: Kumquat belongs to Rutaceae, and Kumquat belongs to Citrinae. It is a small evergreen tree or shrub, native to southern China.
Kumquat stems and branches have thorns, the fruit is oval, the orange peel is tender and crisp, the fragrance is stimulating, the peel is smooth and golden yellow, and the oil cells are small and dense, which is both ornamental and edible. Kumquat is warm and sweet, enters the lungs and gallbladder, and has the effects of relieving depression, relieving cough and resolving phlegm. Suitable for fever, dry mouth, cough and excessive phlegm. Proper intake of citrus fruits such as kumquat has a good effect on preventing and treating some physical discomfort.
/kloc-0 0. Hovenia dulcis Thunb. : It is a small tree of Rutaceae and Hovenia. It originated in the Huaihe River Basin in China. As the saying goes, "oranges are born in Huainan and oranges are born in Huaibei." The fruit of grapefruit is nearly spherical or pear-shaped, with large size difference, slightly concave top, annual rings, dark yellow skin, rough stone, sticky pulp under the armpit, slightly citron flavor, very sour and bitter, astringent taste and poor eating taste. Traditional Chinese medicine is used to treat various pains such as liver, stomach gas and hernia. Intravenous injection of Fructus Aurantii preparation has certain curative effect on infectious poisoning, allergic reaction and shock caused by drug poisoning.
Name of Fruit Tree 3 At present, at least 200 kinds of fruit trees cultivated in various countries in the world originated in China, such as: peach, plum, apricot, persimmon, jujube, chestnut, hawthorn, papaya, kiwi, citrus, grapefruit, litchi, longan, wampee, loquat and bayberry. It is well known. Here are two examples of drupes, drupes, berries and subtropical tropical fruit trees to illustrate their utilization and development abroad. Peach is one of the oldest cultivated fruit trees in China, which originated in the northwest of China and distributed several times throughout the country. In the past, some western scholars mistakenly thought that it originated in Persia (today's Iran), so peaches were called Persian fruit Persica or Persian apple. It is said that in 330 BC, Alexander brought peaches from Persia or Asia Minor to Greece, which is the earliest record of peaches in Europe. It was introduced to France, and then to Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany and Britain. After the ninth century, it became a very common fruit tree in Europe, and the English name "Peach" evolved from the name "Persica".
According to the historical research of China, peaches have been cultivated in China for more than 3000 years. There are also many records about peach varieties and cultivation techniques in ancient literature. According to the geographical distribution of plants, wild peach species and related peach species, such as Adavidiana, A. kansuensis, A. fegan-ensis, A.misa and A. communis, were found in the mountainous areas of western and northwestern China. At present, there are different types of peach varieties in China, such as sticky type, soft meat and hard meat type, pointed mouth and flat top type, red meat, yellow meat and white meat type, early peach, late peach and winter peach type, flat peach and nectarine type. Based on the analysis of the facts of history, geography and variation, it is completely correct to think that peach originated in China. The related species of peach also played a certain role in fruit tree breeding. The cross between Prunus armeniaca and Prunus armeniaca in michurin not only has the value of developing new varieties of cold-resistant peaches in China and the Soviet Union, but also can cultivate and extract medicinal peach kernel oil in large quantities. After Gansu peach was introduced to New Jersey, USA, they thought it was a valuable insect-resistant rootstock resource. Among stone fruit trees, there are still some varieties introduced to the west for trial planting, and many characteristics have been found. For example, Chinese plum (P, salicina) has certain resistance to black spot and leaf rust, and its cold resistance is higher than that of American plum, Northeast plum and Ural plum. It has been used to create a series of new cold-resistant varieties in the Soviet Union and North America. China Prunus tomentosa has strong adaptability and has been applied to fruit tree breeding, becoming an excellent cold-resistant rootstock.
Apples and pears are the most important fruit trees in drupe. There are about 35 species of Malus in the world, of which 23 species are from China. When cultivating new cold-resistant apple varieties in Miqiu forest, the pollen of Malus prunifolia produced in northeast and northwest regions was successfully hybridized with the cultivated varieties. Sometimes the pollen of cultivated varieties is given to torreya grandis, and new varieties with good quality and anti-clogging are obtained. At present, Catalpa bungeana is one of the excellent basic tree species for apple cultivation in the Soviet Union, and its cold resistance and drought tolerance are not as good as other tree species. Bakata is native to northern China and Siberia of the Soviet Union. It has a long cultivation history and is used as apple rootstock and ornamental tree. Rapid growth, strong adaptability, especially cold tolerance. After it was introduced into Europe and America, it was widely cultivated and bred by crossing with western apples. The cold resistance of small apple is improved, and it can resist fire blight, so it can be widely cultivated in areas where ordinary apple varieties are frozen. In recent years, among Malus plants, Begonia hupehensis, Begonia Sikkim, Begonia Wuxiang in Shaanxi, Little Chef of Hippopotamus in Laoshan Mountain in Shandong and Begonia trifoliate in Shandong have been preliminarily found as dwarfing rootstocks. Compared with dwarfing rootstocks imported from Britain, it has the advantages of strong adaptability and easy management.
After trial planting in the United States, it was found that pears and yali pears had high resistance to fire blight. After the trial planting in the Soviet Union, Qiu Zi was more hardy than western pears, and many excellent winter pear varieties were cultivated. Betula platyphylla is cold-resistant, drought-resistant and adaptable. European experimental rootstocks have good effects and are valuable germplasm for resistance to fire blight of western pears. Among berries, kiwifruit is the first. There are about 60 species in this genus, and the fruits are rich in vitamin C, which can be eaten raw or made into jam, fruit wine and so on. Mi Lin Qiu once bred a new type with cold resistance and high yield from Actinidia arguta and Actinidia arguta seedlings produced in Northeast China, which can resist the cold of -40-50℃, and the fruit has delicious fragrance and is well received by the market. China kiwifruit (A. chinensis), commonly found in central and southern China, was introduced to New Zealand in 19 10. After cultivation and breeding, a large fruit variety with yellow-brown skin, green flesh and rich vitamin C( 105mg/ 10ve) has been bred. Now a new type of commercial fruit has been formed, which monopolizes the world market.
1980 cultivation12,300 hectares, with an annual output of 20,000 tons. In recent years, all parts of our country are also actively developing this new type of fruit, such as raspberries, strawberries, gooseberries and so on. Most of them are still in the wild and rarely cultivated. In recent years, the species collected have gradually increased. There are about 600 species of raspberries in the world and about 200 species in China. Most of the fruits are edible, and some of them are of good quality, which exceeds the existing cultivated varieties in Europe. There are about 65,438+050 species of gooseberry, which are distributed in temperate mountainous areas of Asia, Europe and North America. There are about 40 species in China, among which the raceme of Actinidia longipoda hangs 30 cm. Among berries, persimmon (D, kaki) is a fruit tree worthy of popularization. It is native to China and has a cultivation history of at least 3,000 years, and has been distributed all over the country several times. Introduced to Japan in the early days, Japan cultivated many excellent varieties, including sweet persimmon without astringency. /kloc-was introduced to Europe in the second half of the 9th century. The Soviet Union first cultivated it in Caucasus and Caspian Sea, and then gradually introduced it to Central Asia. Among the dried fruits listed as subtropical important fruits, chestnut fruit is rich in starch, sweet and delicious, and has the characteristics of resistance to chestnut blight. 1904 chestnut blight occurred widely in North America, and almost all chestnut trees were destroyed. By crossing China chestnut with North American chestnut, the hybrid chestnut plants grow fast, the dry wood is developed and the disease resistance is strong, which can be considered as lifting this crisis.
Citrus is the largest fruit tree in tropical and subtropical regions. It originated in Asia and has a long history of cultivation. Gradually spread to all parts of the world, becoming one of the most important fruits in the world market in the past hundred years. According to records, citrus has been cultivated in China for at least 2,500 years. In ancient Europe, only incense was used as medicine, and names such as lime, lemon and sweet orange began to appear after the tenth century. /kloc-At the beginning of the 6th century, the Portuguese began to cultivate a large number of fruit trees after exporting sweet oranges from China. Since then, the construction of citrus greenhouses in Nordic countries has been in full swing, and various citrus plants have been introduced and cultivated, and new varieties have been selected. It was during Columbus's second voyage to the West (1493) that citrus was introduced to North America together with other fruit trees and vegetables, and then it was widely spread to Peru, Brazil, Mexico and other places. Due to the suitable local conditions, their gardeners strive to improve cultivation and choose new varieties. At present, South China has become an important citrus producing area, monopolizing the world market, and the citrus products in the United States are far behind, which is shocking. In addition, many countries in northern and eastern Africa, eastern Australia and the Mediterranean coast produce a large number of oranges and dump them all over the world. Washington navel orange, the most famous sweet orange in the world, is named after Washington, but its origin is still China, and it was introduced to California after Brazil. In citrus, ponkan is one of the excellent varieties in southern China. After being introduced into the United States, it grows well and has strong disease resistance. Now it has been mass-produced. Mandarin orange is an excellent variety in the southeast of China. Whether it is introduced to Japan or the United States, it has a good effect, early maturity, cold resistance, large fruit, few drupes and good quality. It has become one of the important local fruits.
The wild Yichang orange (C, ichangensis) in Hubei is called Yichang lemon in the west. Originated in the mountainous areas of western China, it is more than 800 meters above sea level and has strong cold resistance. After being introduced into Europe and America, it has become an important raw material for cultivating cold-resistant rootstocks and cold-resistant citrus varieties. Kumquat is an evergreen shrub, native to southern China. Its fruit is small, but its exocarp is fleshy, sweet and edible. Plants are cold-resistant, drought-resistant and disease-resistant, and have a wide range of applications. /kloc-After it was introduced to Europe and America in the second half of the 9th century. Compared with citrus, the winter dormancy period is longer, and after crossing with citrus, it can be pushed to the north and colder regions for cultivation. Bactrocera dorsalis is a tetraploid in East China, which will play a more important role in cultivating seedless citrus varieties. Fructus Aurantii is a deciduous shrub belonging to the same family as citrus, which has strong cold tolerance. In China, it is mainly used as the rhizome of citrus in cold areas, or planted as a hedge, and the fruit is used as medicine. After it was introduced to Europe and America, it grew well. Hybridization with citrus produces interspecific hybrids, such as orange, orange, etc., which are vigorous, cold-resistant and disease-resistant, and have been widely used in fruit rootstocks and ornamental gardening.