China's jewelry and jade jewelry industry is entering a period of rapid development, with more and more obvious industrial agglomeration and increasingly prominent cluster advantages, and a number of characteristic jewelry industrial bases have been cultivated. The following is my basic knowledge about jewelry, I hope you like it!

Basic knowledge of jewelry 1. What are gems and jade?

Broadly speaking, gems are the most beautiful, precious and rare stones.

It includes precious stones and jade in a narrow sense.

In a narrow sense, gemstones refer to natural simple substances such as natural gold, diamonds or single crystal minerals of compounds such as crystals, rubies and sapphires.

Jadeite refers to a single mineral or multi-mineral polycrystalline rock.

Second, what is jade?

The reputation of the king of jade is emerald. Its chemical composition is sodium aluminosilicate, and its mineral composition is pyroxene, mainly jadeite. Its structure is a dense block composed of countless tiny fibrous microcrystals, which has a blanket structure. Very tough, able to withstand high impact and pressure, and its products are durable. The hardness of jadeite is Mohs 6.5-7, and the specific gravity is 3.3. Glass or pearlescent, often translucent. A few jadeite jadeites are called "glass sheets" with transparent and completely transparent fractures. In the gemstone industry in China, there is a saying that yellow is Fei and green is Cui. The origin of jadeite jade is mainly concentrated in the Meng Gong area of Myitkyina in northern Myanmar.

3. What is Hetian jade?

Hotan jade refers to the oldest nephrite produced in Hotan, Xinjiang. Its chemical composition is calcium magnesium silicate and its mineral composition is a special body composed of amphibole. The Mohs hardness is 6-6.5, the specific gravity is 2.9-3. 1, the fracture is uneven, the oil is shiny, translucent to opaque, and the colors are white, blue, yellow, black and red. A piece of material is generally uniform in color, stable in chemical composition and resistant to strong acid and alkali. It is generally used to make jade carvings and various small pendants and bracelets. It is also our country.

4. What is amber?

Types and evaluation of amber. According to the different colors and characteristics of amber, there are Jin Po, Xuepo, Insect Po, Xiangpo, Lingpo, Shipo, Huapo, Shuipo, Mingpo, Wapo and beeswax in China, among which Jin Po is a precious and high-quality amber. Nowadays, amber is of high value, especially antiques, exquisite works of art or biological inclusions. The economic value of amber depends on the purity, shape, size and color of insects. Strong and positive color, no impurities is better. The most valuable variety is amber wrapped with insects, commonly known as "amber hidden bees", with clear insects, realistic shapes, large individuals and large numbers as the best. Others are mostly used to make beads, beads and sculptures.

5. What is Xiuyu?

Xiuyan County, Liaoning Province is the main producing area of xiuyan jade, and it is also produced in Xinyi, Guangdong and Huili, Sichuan. The chemical composition of xiuyan jade is hydrated magnesium silicate, and the mineral composition is serpentine mineral. It is composed of fine fibrous and leaflike serpentine crystals, which is a very delicate and dense block. Its colors are varied, and light green and yellow-green are not common. Its hardness is 2.5-4.5, its specific gravity is about 2.5, and it is oily or waxy. Translucent to opaque, a few are transparent, similar to plexiglass. Jade is a low-grade jade material because of its low hardness and output. Commonly used as ornaments, jade carvings and various small pendants, as well as tea sets, wine sets, fitness balls, jade pillows and other daily necessities.

6. What is dushan jade?

Dushan jade is named after Dushan, 8 kilometers northeast of Nanyang. Its mineral composition is plagioclase from zoisite, which belongs to polychromatic jade. Bright color, complete patterns, both depth and depth, delicate texture, dense and hard. Mohs hardness 6-6.5, specific gravity 2.9; Glass luster or grease luster, opaque or slightly transparent. Dushan jade is often used as jade carving for various ornaments in the market.

7. What is agate?

Agate refers to chalcedony with banded structure, which is a colloidal mineral, and its main component is silica. The hardness is 6.5-7, the specific gravity is 2.65, and the fracture surface is shell-shaped, transparent to translucent and glassy. Pure agate should be white, because it contains colored ions or other impurities, so it will appear gray, red and blue. Natural red agate can turn light red agate into bright red after "burning red" and heat treatment. High quality white agate can also be dyed in various colors. The agate market is often made into bracelets, and some small pendants and ornaments are also made. Agate is mainly produced in Brazil, and agate in China is mainly produced in Fuxin City, Liaoning Province.

8. What is a "hibiscus stone"?

Hibiscus stone is a pink translucent to transparent seasonal block, also known as "rose seasonal". Its chemical composition is mainly silicon dioxide, in addition to pink, there are dark pink. The hardness is 7, the specific gravity is about 2.65, and the fracture is shell-shaped and oily. Mainly used as necklaces and bracelets, and sometimes used as small pendants or ornaments such as hearts and earrings. Hibiscus stone is mainly produced in Brazil, and China is mainly produced in Xinjiang and Yunnan.

9. What is a "tiger eye stone"?

Tiger eye stone is called "wood turned stone" because of its similar appearance to wood. It is crocidolite and its mineral composition is sodium amphibole. After the change of geological hydrothermal solution, silica in the hydrothermal solution gradually replaced sodium amphibole to become silicified crocidolite, and its composition became timely, with hardness of 7 and specific gravity of 3. 1. Tiger eye stones can be divided into three categories according to their colors. Yellow and tan with cat's eye effect are called tiger's eye stone, blue with cat's eye effect, and spotted tiger's eye stone with brown and blue spots. Tiger eye stone is mainly used as necklace beads and handmade beads in the market, mainly produced in Brazil and Australia.

X. What is Dongling Stone?

Dongling stone is called chromite quartzite in geology. Its hardness is 7 and its specific gravity is 2.65. It is fragile, translucent and has staggered fractures. According to its color, it can be divided into green Dongling stone, blue Dongling stone and red Dongling stone. Dongling stone is mainly produced in India, also known as Indian jade. Commonly used as necklace beads and handmade beads, small pendant ornaments, but also as ornaments.

XI。 What is a gold star stone?

Jinxingshi, also known as placer gold or placer amphibole, is a kind of quartzite containing mica flakes or fine iron oxide minerals, which is named after shining like Venus. In the market, it is often used as handmade beads, necklace beads, chicken hearts or stamp materials.

Twelve. What is a crystal?

Crystal is a kind of precious stone in a narrow sense, and it is a very old gem. Its chemical composition is silicon dioxide. This is a crystal as transparent as water in seasonal minerals, but it is opaque. It can only be called a timely crystal. If the impurities are purple, brown or black, they are called amethyst, tea crystal and ink crystal respectively; A special variety with needle-like or fibrous mineral inclusions inside is called "hair crystal". The crystal plane of water crystallization is glass luster, while its conchoidal fracture is oily luster; The hardness is 7, the specific gravity is 2.66, and it has compressive and optical properties. Crystal has a wide range of uses, mainly used as necklace beads in handmade and jewelry, as well as some small pendants and ornaments. Crystal is mainly produced in Brazil and Uruguay, and China is mainly produced in Yangjiaoling in Hainan and Donghai in Jiangsu.

Rock crystals are clear and transparent, often containing gas-liquid inclusions, which are star-shaped, cloud-like or flocculent, and microcracks are often seen. The synthetic crystal has no cracks, but there are often small bubbles. In addition, you can feel that the proportion of synthetic crystal is greater than that of rock crystal. Compared with glass, crystal is white and bright, while glass white is slightly cyan and yellow, lacking brightness. The hardness of crystal is 7, and that of glass is 5.5. You can scrape the glass with a crystal. Rock crystals often contain uneven and imperfect phenomena such as cotton veins, while glass is often uniform without cotton veins and has tiny bubbles because of artificial baking. If you lick the crystal with your tongue, it will feel cool and the glass will feel warm.

Thirteen, what is a pearl?

Pearl is a round pearl body formed by rubbing some shellfish in the ocean or fresh water by foreign bodies that have entered or been artificially put into the body, and the pearl liquid secreted in the body wraps the foreign bodies layer by layer. Its chemical composition is mainly calcium carbonate. Pearls can be divided into seawater pearls, freshwater pearls and cultured pearls according to different yields, and white pearls with white texture and black pearls with variegated colors according to colors.

14. What is a diamond?

Traditionally, people usually refer to diamonds that reach the gem level as diamonds. It is a crystal mineral crystallized from a single carbon element in a special environment, and it is also the only gem mineral composed of a single element. Gemstones and diamonds, that is, diamonds, not only have the hardness of 10, but also have high wear resistance and chemical stability. Strong luster, not easy to wear after processing, can shine diamond luster for a long time; Moreover, its refractive index is 2.42 and its dispersion is 0.044, which is the strongest among natural colorless gems. When the diamond is polished into dozens of facets, the white light injected into the diamond is dispersed into monochromatic light in the process of refraction, showing a seven-color neon-like luster and a gorgeous and crystal-clear optical effect. This strong dispersion phenomenon is the most precious feature of diamond, which is beyond the reach of any other gem. Therefore, it is known as the "King of Gems". Diamonds are mainly produced in South Africa, Australia, Zaire and Botswana, and are mainly used to make diamond rings, necklaces, earrings, corsage and other ornaments.

The next page has more about "jewelry basics".