Split entry
Definition of scientific terms in menstruation
Chinese Name: Menstruation English Name: Menstruation Definition: The physiological phenomenon of periodic uterine bleeding in women of childbearing age mostly occurs in the period of 14 ~ 49 years old. Applied discipline: traditional Chinese medicine (first-class discipline); Basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine (two disciplines); Dirty image (third-level discipline) This content was approved and released by the National Committee for the Examination and Approval of Scientific and Technical Terminology.
Menstrual cycle, also known as menstrual cycle, is a physiological cycle, which occurs between some fertile female humans and other animals. Other mammals go through estrus. In women of childbearing age and primate females, the endometrium undergoes periodic changes such as autonomous thickening, vascular proliferation, gland growth and secretion, endometrial collapse and bleeding and shedding every other month. This periodic vaginal bleeding or uterine bleeding is called menstruation.
catalogue
Overview of menstruation
What are the main manifestations of menstruation?
Why do women have menstruation?
What are menstruation and menarche?
Overview of symptom prediction
How to calculate menstrual cycle?
How to calculate ovulation date according to menstrual cycle
What is the periodic change of menstruation?
The benefits of menstruation
The first signal for women to judge whether they are pregnant or not can help people find diseases early, avoid excessive iron damage and promote hematopoietic function.
Precautions during menstruation
Five misunderstandings about menstruation: no pregnancy during menstruation. Myth 2: Antibiotics make contraceptives unreliable. Myth 3: Women and men need as much sleep. Myth 4: "Menopause" causes the female sexual desire to plummet. Myth 5: Doctors can judge whether a woman is a virgin.
Why does menstruation have blood clots? What should I do if there is a blood clot in menstruation?
Menstrual taboo diet
Effective use of the "golden seven days" after menstruation
Causes and solutions of menstrual disorders
Changes of menstrual cycle in women of different ages
dysmenorrhea
menopathy
Menstrual diet therapy
How did the ancient ladies-in-waiting menstruate?
Four indicators to measure whether menstruation is normal.
Causes of delayed menstruation
What is the normal menstrual flow?
What check should I do for less menstrual flow?
hypermenorrhea
What should adolescent girls do if they don't have their period?
How to nurse during menstruation
How to regulate menstruation with diet therapy
Menstruation is black.
menoxenia
Menstruation and libido
How to make love during menstruation?
An overview of the harm of menstrual insufficiency in the same room
What are the main manifestations of menstruation?
Why do women have menstruation?
What are menstruation and menarche?
Overview of symptom prediction
How to calculate menstrual cycle?
How to calculate ovulation date according to menstrual cycle
What is the periodic change of menstruation?
The benefits of menstruation
The first signal for women to judge whether they are pregnant or not can help people find diseases early, avoid excessive iron damage and promote hematopoietic function.
Precautions during menstruation
Five misunderstandings about menstruation
Myth 1: You won't get pregnant during menstruation. Myth 2: Antibiotics make contraceptives unreliable. Myth 3: Women and men need as much sleep. Myth 4: "Menopause" causes the female sexual desire to plummet. Myth 5: Doctors can judge whether a woman is a virgin.
There is a blood clot in menstruation.
Why does menstruation have blood clots? How can menstruation have blood clots?
Menstrual taboo diet
Effective use of the "golden seven days" after menstruation
Causes and solutions of menstrual disorders
Changes of menstrual cycle in women of different ages
dysmenorrhea
menopathy
Menstrual diet therapy
How did the ancient ladies-in-waiting menstruate?
Four indicators to measure whether menstruation is normal.
Causes of delayed menstruation
What is the normal menstrual flow?
What check should I do for less menstrual flow?
hypermenorrhea
What should adolescent girls do if they don't have their period?
How to nurse during menstruation
How to regulate menstruation with diet therapy
Menstruation is black.
menoxenia
Menstruation and libido
How to make love during menstruation?
Harm of menstrual insufficiency in the same room
Expand and edit the outline of this menstrual period.
Menstrual cycle, also known as menstrual cycle, is a physiological cycle, which occurs between some fertile female humans and other animals. Other mammals go through estrus. In women of childbearing age and primate females, the endometrium undergoes periodic changes such as autonomous thickening, vascular proliferation, gland growth and secretion, endometrial collapse and bleeding and shedding every other month. This periodic vaginal bleeding or uterine bleeding is called menstruation. Menstruation is mainly composed of blood (3/4 arterial blood,14 venous blood), endometrial tissue fragments and various active enzymes and biological factors. Among them, fibrinolytic enzyme makes menstrual blood liquid and does not coagulate; Prostaglandins can contract the uterus.
What are the main manifestations of menstruation?
Menstrual cycle diagram 1
The menstrual cycle is regulated by the interaction of reproductive hormones among hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary, and the following changes occur during the menstrual cycle: ① After puberty, under the control of hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone, the anterior pituitary gland secretes follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and a small amount of luteinizing hormone (LH) to promote the development and maturation of follicles, and begins to secrete estrogen. Under the action of estrogen, endometrial hyperplasia changes; ② Follicles gradually mature and estrogen secretion gradually increases. When it reaches a certain concentration, the positive feedback to hypothalamus and pituitary can promote the secretion of gonadotropin in the anterior pituitary, especially the increase of LH secretion, forming a peak of luteinizing hormone release and causing ovulation of mature follicles; ③ Under the action of luteinizing hormone, ovulation follicles form corpus luteum and secrete estrogen and progesterone. The endometrium at this stage, mainly under the action of progesterone, accelerates its growth and functional differentiation and turns into secretory endometrium; ④ Because the corpus luteum secretes a large amount of estrogen and progesterone, the concentration of these two hormones in the blood increases, and the hypothalamus and pituitary gland are inhibited by negative feedback, so that follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone secreted by pituitary gland decrease, and the corpus luteum contracts accordingly, so progesterone and estrogen also decrease rapidly. The endometrium suddenly loses the support of these two sex hormones, and then collapses and bleeds, and the endometrium falls off and menstruates. Menstruation, also known as monthly events, monthly water, monthly letters, official holidays, seeing red, etc. It is called menstruation because most people have 1 time a month, which refers to regular and periodic uterine bleeding. Strictly speaking, with this bleeding, there should be follicular maturation, ovulation and corpus luteum formation in the ovary, and the endometrium has changed from hyperplasia to secretion. However, the phenomenon of uterine bleeding without ovulation often occurs in clinic, which is called anovulatory menstruation. In recent years, the common names of menstruation have increased, such as bad things, period, menstruation, good things, bad luck and so on. The average age of menarche in modern women is 12.5 years old. The menopausal age is generally between 45 and 55 years old, which is related to the aging of ovulation function and the decrease of estrogen secretion. Tiangui refers to menstruation, which is found in all medical systems.
Fig. 2 menstrual cycle
For the treatment of dysmenorrhea and dysmenorrhea massage (1), acupoints in spine, pivot, Mingmen, Jiaji, Pishu, Shu Wei, Sanjiaoshu, Shenshu and Zhishu are selected (1). (2) Shenque, Qihai, Guanyuan, Shu Tian, wailing and drama. (2) The treatment method is to massage the back and waist first, then the abdomen, and then the lower limbs. Apply blood-activating liquid medicine (such as medicated oil and medicated wine) first, then massage: 1, press the back and waist thoracic vertebra 1 1 to the second lumbar vertebra with your fingers or palm roots, and press the muscles on both sides and the related spine, pivot, Mingmen, Jiaji point, Pishu, Shu Wei, Sanjiaoshu and Shenshu. 2. Gently rub the tenderness of the waist with your fist; 3. Press the muscles of abdominal pain and acupoints such as Shenque, Qihai, Guanyuan, Shu Tian, Mourning and Giant with your fingers; 4. Pinch Yin Bao, Xue Hai, Sanyinjiao and Taichong points of the lower limbs with your fingers. (3) Efficacy: Generally, after massaging the back and waist for 5 minutes, abdominal pain will be relieved. Continue to massage the back, waist and abdomen for 20 minutes, and the abdominal pain will disappear. Massage/kloc-0 once a day for 3-5 days. Those who have a history of dysmenorrhea can start massage 2 days before menstruation. If you want to consolidate the curative effect, you can massage/kloc-0 every 2-3 days, and you need to persevere to achieve the ideal effect. See "Diagram of Pain Massage Treatment". Wenshi therapy (1) selected Jizhong, Xuanshu, Mingmen, Jiaji, Shu Wei, Zhishi, Qihai, Guanyuan and Shutian (1). (2) It is necessary to choose a suitable slate for treatment. At present, it is best to choose a slate containing organic germanium. Therefore, the rock plate germanium warm bath first massages the back, waist, abdomen and lower limbs to dredge the meridians. Then electrify and heat the rock disk (rock disk germanium warm bath) containing organic germanium to about 40-43 degrees, as for the back waist and tail. Wash your hands and feet with a warm salt bath containing germanium. The temperature of the whole treatment system is maintained at 40-43 degrees for 30 minutes. Once a day or once every two days, depending on the severity of the disease and the length of the medical history, it can be cured in more than one month. (3) Efficacy: I feel relaxed after one treatment. After a month of persistence, dysmenorrhea disappeared in that month. Long-term treatment can make dysmenorrhea disappear permanently (medically speaking, it will not recur within 5 years). This method is one of the oldest stone cutting therapies in Chinese medicine. Menstrual exercise conditioning 1, control the amount of exercise, and don't do high-intensity and large-scale exercise, such as running and jumping. Not suitable for swimming in the water. 2. Avoid participating in sports that will increase intra-abdominal pressure and make the abdomen vibrate violently, such as push-ups, sit-ups, high jumps, long jumps, shooting, etc. 3, should pay attention to keep warm after exercise, to avoid a lot of sweating and wind after exercise. 4. If you feel dizzy, nauseous and flustered during exercise, you should stop exercising immediately and don't feel forced. 5, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia or menstrual disorders, should be under the guidance of a professional fitness coach for menstrual exercise. Why do women menstruate during this period?
First of all, we must understand the structure and physiological function of female reproductive organs in order to explain this problem. Female internal reproductive organs are composed of ovaries, uterus and fallopian tubes. The main function of the ovary is to produce eggs and synthesize ovarian hormones, while the uterus and fallopian tubes are reproductive organs. There are hundreds of thousands of follicles in the ovary, and each follicle contains 1 egg. Prepubertal follicles basically have no function. In adolescence, under the action of gonadotropin in the anterior pituitary gland, immature follicles gradually develop and estrogen is synthesized. When the follicle matures and ovulates, the cell wall of the oocyte collapses and the cells become larger and yellow, which is called corpus luteum. It not only synthesizes estrogen, but also produces progesterone. With the change of ovary, the endometrium also changes periodically. Estrogen makes endometrium thicken, endometrial cells increase and enlarge, and the ducts become more tortuous and spiral, which is called proliferative endometrium. After ovulation, due to the interaction of estrogen and progesterone, endometrial edema occurs, and glands produce a lot of mucus and glycogen, and the thickness of endometrium increases from 1 mm to 6 mm, which is called secretory endometrium. If the ovum discharged at this time is fertilized, the fertilized egg is transported to the uterus through the fallopian tube for development, which is called pregnancy. The pregnant tissue synthesizes chorionic gonadotropin to support the continuous development of ovarian corpus luteum. If the egg is not fertilized, the corpus luteum will shrink about 14 days after ovulation and stop secreting estrogen and progesterone. At this time, the blood vessels in the endometrium contract, and the endometrium is necrotic and falls off, causing bleeding and forming menstruation. Therefore, the length of menstrual cycle depends on the length of ovarian cycle, which is generally 28-30 days, but it also varies from person to person, and there are also 23-45 days, even 3 months or half a year 1 cycle. As long as it is regular, it generally belongs to normal menstruation. The bleeding time is generally 2-7 days, and the total amount of menstrual bleeding is 30-50 ml. Some people think that menstrual flow exceeding 80ml is a pathological state. Edit this paragraph What are menstruation and menarche?
abstract
Because of the sex hormones secreted by ovaries, the endometrium of adolescent women changes periodically and falls off once a month, and the fallen mucosa and blood are excreted through the vagina. This bleeding phenomenon is menstruation. Because most people appear 1 time a month, it is called menstruation. The first menstruation of girls is called menarche, which is one of the important signs of adolescence. The age of menarche is about 10 ~ 16 years old.
symptom
Before menstruation, there will be some tiny bloodshot on underwear. Before menarche, a series of changes will take place in a woman's body. If we master these changes, we can infer the time of menarche.
express
1. Weight and height measurement: After girls enter puberty (1 1~ 14 years old), their height and weight are measured twice every six months. If the measurement finds a sudden increase in height and weight, it indicates that the girl may have menstrual cramps in the next six months. 2. Observe the breast condition: If you find that the breast begins to develop, swelling and areola appear, and there is induration to the touch, then menarche will appear two years later. 3. Look for leucorrhea: If a transparent, colorless, tasteless and slightly viscous liquid similar to egg white flows from the vagina of a girl, it means that menarche will come in 2-3 days. 4, if there are acne (acne on cheeks and forehead, and small pustules), menstruation will come within 2 to 3 months. How to calculate menstrual cycle by editing this paragraph?
The bleeding 1 day is the beginning of menstrual cycle, and the interval between two menses 1 day is called menstrual cycle, so the calculation of menstrual cycle should include the time of menstrual cramps. Some women only calculate the time when menstruation is clean, so they may think that the menstrual cycle is shortened. Clinically, some women often complain that menstruation is abnormal, and they menstruate twice a month. In fact, it is normal to have 1 waves at the beginning and end of the month. The normal menstrual cycle is 28 ~ 35 days, and the length of the cycle can vary from person to person. 7 ~ 10 days before or after the mistake can be regarded as a normal range, and as long as it can maintain a certain regularity, it can not be regarded as irregular menstruation. The last menstruation refers to the last menstruation from the date of seeing a doctor, and should be counted from 1 day of bleeding. However, it should be noted that the last menstruation refers to the same duration and amount of menstruation as usual. Do not mistake abnormal vaginal bleeding for menstruation. This kind of bleeding is generally less than menstruation, shorter or longer, or the regularity of menstrual cramps is lost. The duration of menstrual cramps is generally 3 ~ 7 days, and the amount of bleeding is within 100 ml, with the most on the second to third day. Menstrual blood is generally dark red and does not coagulate. In addition to blood, it also contains endometrial debris, cervical mucus and vaginal epithelial cells. Female menstrual period is generally asymptomatic, and a few people may have lower abdomen or lumbosacral discomfort, breast pain, constipation or diarrhea, headache and so on. Generally, it does not affect their daily work, study and life. [1] How to calculate ovulation date according to menstrual cycle?
Menstrual cycle refers to regular and periodic uterine bleeding. With this bleeding, follicular maturation, ovulation and corpus luteum formation, endometrial hyperplasia and secretion changes should occur in the ovary. Ovulation is influenced by endocrine hormones in pituitary and ovary, showing periodic changes. Both of them have the same cycle length, each month 1 cycle, and ovulation occurs between menstruation. Women's menstrual cycle is long and short, but the interval between ovulation day and next menstruation is relatively fixed, generally around 14 days. The calculation method is to calculate the ovulation date from 1 day of the next menstrual cycle, and from the countdown 14 day or negative 14 day. The ovulation date, the first 5 days and the last 4 days are called ovulation period together. For example, anonymous's menstrual cycle is 28 days, and the 1 day of this menstrual cramp is 65438+February 2nd, so the next menstrual cramp is 65438+February 30th (65438+February 2nd plus 28 days), and then subtract 14 days from 65438+February 30th, then Ovulation day, the first 5 days and the last 4 days, that is, from 65438+February 1 1 ~ 20, is the ovulation period. In addition, in the menstrual cycle, except the menstrual period and ovulation period, the rest of the time is a safe period, so there are pre-ovulation safe period and post-ovulation safe period in the menstrual cycle. In fact, this is also the theoretical basis of rhythmic contraception. However, to calculate the ovulation period by this method, we must first know the length of menstrual cycle, so as to calculate the exact time of the next menstrual cramp, and then calculate the ovulation period, so this method can only be applied to women with normal menstrual cycle. For women with irregular menstrual cycles, it is impossible to calculate the date of the next menstrual cramp. So it is impossible to calculate the ovulation date and ovulation period. How does this menstrual cycle change?
One of the physiological characteristics of female reproductive system is its periodic change, and menstruation is an important symbol of this periodic change. The menstrual cycle is mainly regulated by the interaction between hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary. Hypothalamus regulates the function of pituitary gland, and pituitary gland regulates the function of ovary. The endometrium changes periodically under the action of ovarian hormones. Sex hormones produced by ovaries, in turn, act on hypothalamus and pituitary gland, affecting the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, which is called feedback effect; When released, it is called negative feedback, and when released, it is called positive feedback. The relationship between the changes of blood hormones and ovaries and endometrium in normal menstrual cycle is as follows: After corpus luteum atrophy in the previous menstrual cycle, the secretion of estrogen and progesterone decreased, which relieved the inhibition of hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Gonadotropin releasing hormone produced by hypothalamus enters the anterior pituitary through the pituitary portal vein system, which promotes the secretion and release of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. Under the synergistic effect of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, the follicles in the ovary gradually mature and produce estrogen, which makes the endometrium change in proliferative phase. After the follicle matures, the first estrogen peak appears in the body. The increase of estrogen secretion has feedback effect on hypothalamus and pituitary gland, inhibits the production of follicle stimulating hormone, promotes the secretion of luteinizing hormone, produces luteinizing hormone peak and triggers ovulation. After ovulation, the corpus luteum forms and secretes estrogen and progesterone. Under their combined action, the endometrium undergoes typical secretory changes. After ovulation, the estrogen level temporarily decreased, and then a second lower peak appeared. A large amount of estrogen and progesterone secreted by corpus luteum inhibits hypothalamus and pituitary through negative feedback, which reduces the secretion of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, and the corpus luteum begins to shrink. After luteal atrophy, the secretion of estrogen and progesterone will decrease, and the endometrium will not be supported by sex hormones, resulting in necrosis and menstrual cramps. After corpus luteum atrophy, the inhibition of hypothalamus and pituitary gland is also released, so that gonadotropin-releasing hormone is secreted again and another menstrual cycle begins. The benefits of editing this period of menstruation
Many women often lament that there is menstrual bleeding every month, which greatly reduces the chance of getting cancer, about 40% smaller than that of men. At the same time, it can also increase blood circulation, often create new blood, speed up metabolism, and is good for the body.
The first signal for a woman to judge whether she is pregnant.
Married women of childbearing age should first consider whether they are pregnant if they have regular menstruation in the past and have menstruation for more than ten days in the future. After determining pregnancy, those who are not ready to give birth should take remedial measures as soon as possible; If you want to have children, you should pay more attention to nutrition and avoid contact with cigarettes, alcohol, pesticides, harmful chemicals and radiation. And avoid taking drugs that can cause fetal malformation. According to menstruation, the expected date of delivery can also be calculated, which is very beneficial to pregnancy health care and pregnancy psychology.
Can make people find diseases early.
If the girl is over 18 years old and still has no menstrual cramps, it is called primary amenorrhea; Women who have normal menstruation in the past and now have menopause for more than three months are called secondary amenorrhea (excluding amenorrhea caused by pregnancy, lactation and menopause). Need to check whether there is lower genital atresia, congenital agenesis or uterine dysplasia, ovarian tumor, pituitary tumor or hypofunction, endocrine or wasting disease. In addition, the change of menstrual time, amount and accompanying symptoms is also an important clue to discover and diagnose many diseases.
Can avoid the damage of excessive iron.
There is a hereditary disease called hemochromatosis, which is easy to cause iron metabolism disorder in patients and accumulate too much iron in the body; Excessive iron will gradually cause damage to skin, heart, liver, joints and islets. One of the ways to treat iron excess is to regularly discharge a certain amount of blood. The organic damage caused by hemochromatosis is much less in women than in men, and even hardly occurs. The role of menstruation-periodic blood loss just consumes excessive iron.
Can promote hematopoietic function
Menstruation causes frequent blood loss and hematopoiesis, which gives women a kind of "exercise" that men do not have. It makes women more able to bear the blow of accidental blood loss than men, and can quickly create new blood to make up for the lost blood. Practice has proved that men and women with the same weight and health status will die if the proportion of accidental blood loss is the same, while women have the possibility of successful rescue and final recovery. Edit this menstrual notification.
1, not suitable for sexual life: during menstrual period, a wound is formed on the surface due to endometrial exfoliation in the uterine cavity. If you have sex, it is easy to introduce bacteria and make it retrograde.
menses
Enter the uterine cavity, causing intrauterine infection. 2, not suitable for eating too salty food: too salty food will increase the salt and water storage in the body. Symptoms such as headache, emotional excitement and getting angry easily appear before menstruation. 3, not suitable for drinking strong tea, coffee: this kind of beverage has high caffeine content, which is easy to stimulate nerves and cardiovascular, leading to menstrual pain, prolonged menstrual period and excessive menstrual blood. 4, should not eat cold fruits and vegetables and cold drinks: cold food will reduce the speed of blood circulation, and then affect the contraction of the uterus and the discharge of menstrual blood, resulting in adverse menstrual blood discharge, causing menstrual pain. 5. It is not suitable for sitz bath or bath: during menstruation, the cervix is slightly open, and sitz bath and bath are easy to make sewage enter the uterine cavity and cause inflammation. 6, should not wear tights: tights with small hip circumference will cause pressure on local microvessels, thus affecting blood circulation and causing pudendal congestion and edema. 7, do not sing loudly: during menstruation, respiratory mucosa and vocal cords are congested, singing or talking loudly, vocal cord muscles are easy to fatigue, leading to hoarseness. 8. Don't beat your back too much: Although it is easy to cause back pain during menstruation, don't beat yourself at will, which will further congestion the pelvic cavity and cause menorrhagia or too long menstruation. 9. It is not suitable for strenuous exercise, such as high jump, long jump, running, playing football, etc., which will induce or aggravate general discomfort during menstruation, and even cause dysmenorrhea and menstrual disorders. Some strength exercises to increase abdominal pressure, such as weightlifting and dumbbells, should also be avoided as far as possible, otherwise it will cause menorrhagia or prolonged menstruation. In addition, because the uterine mouth is slightly open during menstruation, bacteria can easily invade the uterine cavity, increase the chance of infection and cause various gynecological inflammations, so it is not suitable for swimming during menstruation. It is not appropriate to participate in competitions during menstruation, so as to avoid menstrual disorders and endocrine disorders caused by excessive mental stress. 10, no drinking.