The ancient cave is located on the east slope of Longshan Village, wafangdian city North Little Zhu Hua Office. The cave is 3 meters deep, with stalactites hanging from the top wall and stalagmites on the ground. 198 1 April to June of the following year 10, archaeological work continued to advance, and more than 60 species of animal bone fossils, including rhinoceros, ancient elephants, pigs, cattle, raccoons and dogs, were found. According to the determination, animal fossils are about 20,000 years old. Prove that human beings had already thrived in this area.
The earliest village ruins in Dalian area
The lower culture of Zhuxiaoshan, Guanglu Island, Changhai County, 67000 years ago, is the earliest Neolithic village site discovered in Dalian. Excavation shows that at this time, human beings have ended their cave life, built houses, settled in coastal hills, mainly fishing, and began to appear primitive agriculture. The stone tools used are mainly stone mills, ancient grinding rods, stone axes, nets, spinning wheels, bone cones and other tools, and reddish-brown pottery has been used.
The first discovery of carbonized millet in Dalian in Neolithic age
1976, the cultural relics department unearthed a basket of carbonized grains four or five years ago on the upper floor of guo jia cun site in Tieshan Town, Lushunkou District, which proved that the primitive agriculture here has been further developed. Hunting tools unearthed from guo jia cun site include arrows and stone spears, and fishing tools include nets. Therefore, fishing and hunting activities had a certain position in the social economy at that time.
Dalian has the earliest local regime in history.
In the first year of the Western Han Dynasty (BC 140), in order to develop Liaodong, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty immigrated from Shandong and Hebei to Liaodong and southern Liaoning, and built coastal defense castles such as Shepherd City in Lushun. In the autumn of the second year of Yuanfeng (BC 109), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent a ship general Yang Pu from Denglai, Shandong Province to the coastal areas of Lushun and Dalian, and opened a route from Shandong Peninsula to Lushun via Liaodong Peninsula. In the fourth year of Kaifeng (BC 107), Liaodong county was established, 18 county. Dashi County (Jinzhou) was established in the south of Dalian today, and the north belongs to Pingguo County and Wuci County. This is the earliest local regime in Dalian history.
The Japanese invaders landed at Zhuanghe Huayuankou for the first time.
1894 (Wu jianian of the lunar calendar)123, the second army of the Japanese invaders took the ship 16, and under the escort of the warship 10, they set out from the mouth of Datong River in North Korea in four teams and arrived at Zhuanghe Huayuankou in the early morning of the 24th. In the foggy situation, Immediately after the Japanese landed, they sent people to Jinzhou for reconnaissance, and sent special agents to Pulandian, Jinzhou, Fuzhou and other places to spy on the military situation. On 26th, General ōyama Iwao, the memorial officer of the Second Japanese Army, arrived at Huayuankou and began to plan an invasion of Jinzhou. 10 year1October 29th, the first batch of Japanese landing troops invaded Zhangziwo (now Pikou Town, pulandian city); The second and third landing troops landed at Huayuankou on 26th and 28th respectively. 165438+1The landing ended on October 6th, lasting 14 days. The Japanese army landed at Huayuankou, with 24,049 troops and 2,940 horses. The most brutal massacre of the Japanese invasion of China in Lushun, 1894, 1 1. After landing at Zhuanghe Huayuankou, the Japanese army quickly captured Jinzhou, and then invaded Lushunkou at 1 1. Genji Yamamoto, head of the First Division of the Japanese Army, ordered: "All women, old and young will be killed." In fact, the Japanese army, regardless of men, women and children, was blind and disabled. The Japanese army searched from house to house from east to west and killed whoever they saw. After killing all the people in the city, they attacked and killed the suburban residents, and their atrocities were outrageous. American journalist clear Mann1reported on October 24th 1894 165438 "People all over Lushun were killed by the Japanese army. In recent days, there are countless unarmed residents who did not resist the enemy, and their bodies are piled up in the streets. Now I'm writing this book, but I've heard about The Field of Bullets. James Allen, an English sailor, wrote in Under the Dragon Flag-Biography of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895: "I saw the Japanese soldiers standing on the bank of the pond and drove a group of fugitives into the pond. People who beheaded, pierced their chests and broke their stomachs in the water were stirred into a ball, and the lake was dyed red with blood. " The massacre that shocked the world lasted for 4 days and nights, and 20,000 Lushun compatriots were killed. In order to cover up the crime, the Japanese army captured China residents and formed a corpse-carrying team in February of the following year, and concentrated China's body in Lingnan Huagou, Lushun for burning. Then, the ashes were put into three coffins and buried at the northern foot of Baiyu Mountain, and a "Zai" sign was erected in front of the tomb, which read "Tomb of Qing soldiers". 1896, Gu Yuanxun, an alternate Taoist priest from Zhili in the Qing Dynasty, went to Lushun to preside over the ceremony of erecting a monument to Wanzhong Cemetery and wrote the word "Wanzhong Cemetery". After Japan surrendered, people from all walks of life in Lushun held the first sacrificial ceremony in Wanzhong Cemetery on1October 25th (1946). Since then, Wanzhong Cemetery has become an important base for Dalian people to carry out patriotic education.
The first unequal treaty in Dalian history
1897 65438+In February, Russia sent warships to seize Lushunkou and Dalian Bay under the guise of "protecting China" in the name of uniting Germany and France to force Japan to return its "meritorious deeds" seized in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. In order to legalize the military occupation,1on March 3, 898, Russia formally put forward an unreasonable request to the Qing government to lease Lvda and build a railway branch line in the Middle East, and gave a reply within a time limit. During this period, on the one hand, the czar government sent a fleet to the coast of China to threaten by force, on the other hand, it bribed Li Hongzhang and Zhang with huge sums of money. 1898 On March 27th, Li Hongzhang and Russian Chargé d 'affaires Pavlov signed the Land Lease Treaty of Lvda in Beijing (formerly known as the Sino-Russian Treaty, also known as the Sino-Russian Treaty). The main contents are as follows: Russia leases Lushunkou and Dalian Bay for 25 years, which can be extended by mutual consent; Lushunkou is a military port and can only be used by Russian ships; The administration of the concession is entirely managed by Russian officials; Russia has the privilege of building a branch line of the Middle East Railway. On May 7th of the same year, six clauses of the Treaty on Renewing the Lease of Traveling Places were signed in St. Petersburg. These two treaties made the whole northeast of China a Russian sphere of influence. On the second day after the signing of the land lease treaty of Lvda, Russian Prince milovic led 1000 officers and men to board Lushun Huang Jinshan to fire, raise the flag and occupy it. On the same day, more than 200 Russian soldiers occupied Dalian Bay in the same way. 1899, 16 In August, Russia changed Lvda to "Kanto Province" and established the Far East Governor's Office in Lushun in 1903. Since then, Russia has ruled the brigade for seven years.
The biggest peasant uprising during Russian rule.
1On February 5, 899, more than 60 Russian troops fled to Liujiadian in the east of Jinzhou, armed with live ammunition, forcing local farmers to pay taxes within 7 days. Ma Chengkui, the leader of the local peasant association, led the negotiation from a stronghold in Russia, and more than 20 people were taken away. The villagers were angry and gathered 1000 people overnight. At dawn the next day, farmers gathered near Liujiadian, led by Ma Chengkui and his son, rushed to the Russian military stronghold with swords and guns, killing 1 soldiers on the spot. Ma Chengkui led the rioting peasants to calmly confront each other, launched hand-to-hand combat with the Russian horse team, cut down several enemies and shouted ShaSheng everywhere. Ma Wencai, the son of Ma Chengkui, carried the banner and ordered to kill the enemy. After being shot and sacrificed, the farmer Ren Er took the banner and continued to charge. Although the riots were suppressed, they also forced the Russian ruling authorities to make some concessions to the rioters. After Japan invaded Dalian, it worried that "if it can engage in Russia, it can resist Japan" and trapped Ma Chengkui.
For the first time, Lvda City was designated as a municipality directly under the Central Government.
1953 In March, according to the central government's decision on changing regional jurisdiction and municipalities directly under the central government, the State Council of the Central People's Government changed Luda City into a municipality directly under the central government, led by the Northeast Administrative Committee on behalf of the Central People's Government, and the mayor was Ouyang Qin. 1954 On June19, the Central People's Government Committee held its 32nd meeting, and adopted the decision of the Central People's Government to abolish the administrative organizational system at the regional level and merge the organizational systems of several provinces and cities, and to abolish the organizational systems of Liaodong and Liaoxi and merge them into Liaoning Province; Shenyang, Lvda, Anshan, Fushun, Benxi, Harbin, Changchun, Wuhan, Guangzhou, xi, Chongqing, etc. 1 1 municipalities directly under the central government were changed to provincial cities. On August 1954 and 1 day, Luda City was officially changed into a municipality directly under the jurisdiction of Liaoning Province (prefecture-level city). 1 985 65438+1October1,the State Planning Commission approved Dalian as a land speculation scheme for cities with separate plans; In May, 1994 was designated as a sub-provincial city.
The most typical mud cracks in Dalian area
Mud crack is also called stone crack. During the regression of fractured rock series 600 million years ago, due to the extremely hot climate, (silty) muddy sediments were baked and exposed by the hot sun, forming wedge-shaped cracks in different directions, which were then filled by muddy sediments and formed by diagenesis. Located on the north bank of the Yellow Sea in Jinshitan, a huge collapsed rock belongs to Dalinzi Formation of Jinxian Group of Late Proterozoic Sinian. The chairman of the US Geological Department marveled that this is a "rare stone in the world" and has extremely important geological research value. However, it is only a small part of the mud fissure layer in this area. If the mud cracks along the cliff are exposed, there will be more magnificent wonders.
The earliest strata studied in Dalian area
1882, Richthofen. F During the geological survey in Fuxian (present-day wafangdian city) in the south of Liaodong Peninsula, the loose red sandstone, tuffaceous sandstone and conglomerate from Fuzhou to Liguantun were named Yongning sandstone. This is the earliest stratum studied in Dalian.
The oldest stratum exposed in Dalian area
2.8 billion years ago, the Archaean Anshan Group in Dalian was divided into Chengzitan Formation and Dongjiagou Formation from bottom to top. Chengzitan Formation is mainly distributed in Liangjiadian and Dengshahe in Jinzhou District, Pikou, Chengzi, Lianshan and Anbo in pulandian city, Xiaogushan and Lizifang in zhuanghe city. It is a set of metamorphic rocks alternating with mica and amphibole. This is the oldest stratum in Dalian.
Rare lotus-like geological structure in Baiyun Mountain, Dalian in the world
The lotus-like geological structure of Baiyun Mountain is located in Baiyun Mountain area in the west of Dalian. It was discovered and named by geologist Li Siguang during his geological survey in Dalian in 1956, and recorded in the history of geosciences. This structure is a convoluted structure formed by the horizontal twisting of quartzite in Qiaotou Formation of Xihe Group of Upper Proterozoic during Indosinian and early Yanshanian (about 24 ~10.80 billion years ago), mainly in Lianhuashan. The detailed structure of the structural outline is clear, overlooking it, like a lifelike lotus flower, which is a rare and precious geological treasure in the world.
The largest river in Dalian.
Biliu River originates from the southern foot of Qipanling in gaizhou city, Liaoning Province, and flows through nine towns such as Hengdaohe, Guiyunhua, Chengshan, Yangming and Jianshan in zhuanghe city, Jiantang, Shuangta, Chengzitan and Biliu River in pulandian city, and flows into the Yellow Sea in Xietun, Biliu River Township. The total length of the river is156km, and the drainage area is 2814km2. Among them, the basin area in Dalian is 1465 square kilometers, and the average runoff for many years is 9510 million cubic meters, making it the largest river in Dalian.
Laotieshan, the southernmost mountain of Liaodong Peninsula, is located at the southernmost tip of Liaodong Peninsula. Because it looks blue from a distance, it was once called Wushi Mountain in the old days, which is a natural symbol of navigation. The line from here to Shandong Peninsula is the dividing line between the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea. At its headland, there is a navigation lighthouse built in the 19th year of Guangxu reign (1893). Tower height 14.2 meters, with flashing lights on it, with a range of 25 nautical miles. Laotieshan is also the habitat of migratory birds. Every autumn, migratory birds from the north gather at the foot of the mountain. After a short rest, they flew over the Bohai Sea to spend the winter in the south. Today, Laotieshan has become a national migratory bird reserve.
The only island in the world with only one kind of poisonous snake.
Snake Island is also known as Python Island and Xiaolongshan Mountain. Located in the west of Shuangdao Bay in Liaodong Peninsula, 25 nautical miles away from Lushun Port. Snake Island is 1700 meters long and 800 meters wide. Its main peak is 2 16.9 meters above sea level, with a total area of 0.8 square kilometers. There are seven ridges, six gullies and seven caves on the island. The island is surrounded by cliffs except a small pebble beach. Snake Island belongs to the temperate monsoon climate zone, with an average annual temperature of about 10 degrees Celsius and an annual rainfall of about 600 mm. There are 209 species of plants growing on the island, with a coverage rate of about 70%. There are more than 12000 vipers on the island, which is the only island in the world where only a single viper exists.
The largest bay along Liaodong Peninsula.
Dalian Bay is located in the Yellow Sea in the south of Liaodong Peninsula. There are five theories about the origin of its name: First, it is said that the Bay is named after a wallet; Second, this bay was once called Daxie Bay because it was rich in oysters, and later it became Dalian Bay. The third theory is transliterated from the Manchu language "Dalian" (meaning coast); Fourth, it is said that Shandong businessmen often sell wallets back and forth in this bay, so the bay is transliterated as "wallet"; Fifth, Huilian Xiaowan has become a big bay, so it is called Dalian Bay. The bay starts from Yu Nian Bay in the north, passes through Dagushan, Shang He Island and Haimao Island, and reaches Bangqu and Sanshan Island in Dalian in the south. The mouth of the bay faces southeast, the bay is wide and deep, and it is not frozen in winter. Dalian Bay is about17km long from east to west,18km wide from north to south, with a coastline of 84km and an area of 290km2. Its water depth increases from northwest to southeast by about 1~35 meters. There are three mountain islands at the mouth of the bay, and there are three waterways in and out of the bay: Sanshan, Sanshan and Sanshan. There is Dalian Port on the south bank of the Bay and Dalian New Port in the northeast of the Bay. There are dozens of small bays along the coast, all of which can be berthed, most of which are fishing ports. Shanghe Island on the north shore is the base of Beiyang Navy in Qing Dynasty. It has several forts and is now a tourist area of Bihai Villa.
The narrowest zone in the south of Liaodong Peninsula.
Between Maoru Village and Houguan Village in Dalian Bay Town, Ganjingzi, Dalian, there are seas on both sides, and the land in the middle is only 4.8 kilometers wide. Under the jurisdiction of Jinzhou District, it is the only place for railways, highways and hydropower pipelines from downtown Dalian to the northeast hinterland, and it is also the narrowest zone in the south of Liaodong Peninsula.
Dalian's first national key university of technology
Dalian University of Technology was formerly the Institute of Technology of Dalian University. 1950, the establishment of Dalian University was abolished, and the Institute of Technology became independent, which was called Dalian Institute of Technology. 1960 was one of the 26 national key universities directly under the Central Ministry of Education at that time, and 1978 was identified as a national key university. 1986 became one of the 33 pilot graduate schools in China. 1988 was named Dalian University of Technology. 1In March, 1996, the State Education Commission approved this school as the first batch of schools to formally establish graduate schools. Dalian University of Technology has a graduate school, 9 professional colleges, 22 departments, 1 teaching department and 2 national training centers. This university is one of the first universities in China to have the right to award doctoral, master's and bachelor's degrees. Up to 1996, there are 7 in Post-Doctoral Research Center, 4 in national key disciplines and1in provincial key disciplines; Twenty-three disciplines have the right to confer doctoral degrees, 69 disciplines have the right to confer master's degrees and 45 disciplines have the right to confer bachelor's degrees. The sample has 4 national key laboratories, 2 departmental open laboratories, 3 national technology centers and 4 1 research institute and other high-level scientific research institutions. Dalian University of Technology has 3,620 faculty members, including 4 academicians of China Academy of Sciences and 7 members of the State Council Academic Degrees Committee. There are 3 professors (including corresponding technical positions), including 4 doctoral students, 760 master students and 7525 undergraduates. Since its founding 48 years ago, the school has sent more than 60,000 graduates of various types to the country, and has successively established stable scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation relations with more than 60 universities and scientific research institutions in the United States, Britain, Germany, Japan, South Korea, Russia and other countries and regions. Dongbei University of Finance and Economics, the largest university in Northeast China, was founded in 1952 and is a comprehensive university directly under the Ministry of Finance. From 65438 to 0996, there were more than 6,000 full-time undergraduates, master students and doctoral students, and more than 6,000 undergraduates from Han Tai University and Night University. It is the largest university of finance and economics in Northeast China. The school has six colleges, including Business Administration College, Finance and Taxation College, Accounting College, Hotel Management College, International Chinese Culture College and Adult Education College, and nine directly affiliated departments, including Finance Department, Investment Economics Department, Planning and Statistics Department, Foreign Trade Department, Foreign Languages Department of Finance and Economics, Economic Information Department, Law Department, Economics Department and Financial Secretary Department. There are political theory teaching department, ideological and political education teaching department, physical education teaching department, graduate department and MBA education center, with 4 doctoral degree awarding points and 14 master degree awarding points. There are 652 teachers in the school, including professor 106 and associate professor 2 13. The school has the final decision on the selection of professors and doctoral supervisors, and has academic exchanges with more than 60 international universities and scientific research units. Over the past 40 years, the school has trained more than 30,000 full-time undergraduates, more than 600 doctoral and master students, and more than 20,000 correspondence university and evening university students.
China Navigation First Research Institute
Dalian Maritime University is a comprehensive maritime key university directly under the Ministry of Communications, focusing on navigation. It is the largest maritime college in the world, and has been recognized as "enjoying international reputation" by the International Maritime Organization (its predecessor was the shipping management department of Nanyang College of Shanghai Higher Institute of Technology, Ministry of Posts and Communications, established by the Qing government in 1909). From 65438 to 0953, Shanghai Maritime College, Northeast Maritime College and Fujian Maritime College all merged to form Dalian Maritime College. 65438-0983, the United Nations Development Programme and the International Maritime Organization set up the Asia-Pacific Maritime Training Center in the school. 1985, Dalian Branch of World Maritime University was established here. 1994, the school was renamed Dalian Maritime University. The school covers an area of 720,000 square meters and consists of 7 colleges and 4 departments of/kloc-0 (School of Navigation, School of Marine Engineering, School of Transportation Management, School of Adult Education, School of Market Economy Law, International Business School, School of Marine Environmental Engineering and Department of Social Sciences; Sports Work Department, Basic Department, Department of Science and Technology Foreign Languages, graduate department); And 1 Institute of Science and Technology; There are three 10,000-ton ocean-going teaching practice ships: Yulong, Yu Ying and Meiquan. There are more than 700,000 books in the school library. Since the founding of New China, the school has sent more than 20,000 senior shipping talents to the country and trained more than 3,000 overseas students and various shipping talents for more than 30 countries and regions. The first football technical secondary school in China1985 In March, the first football technical secondary school in China-Dalian Football Sports School was established. This school was founded by some social organizations, enterprises, institutions and people from all walks of life in Dalian. The school pays attention to training excellent football players and also trains football backbones for the grassroots. The first batch enrolled 60 students, aged 14- 15, including 22 girls.
The first school for the blind and deaf in Dalian after liberation.
195 1 year1kloc-0/month, the municipal civil affairs department set up a school for the deaf in the institute of production and reform of Luda city. In that year, it enrolled 8 students, offered 1 class, and had 5 faculty members. 1952 10, the school for the blind was founded in the production rehabilitation center of Luda city, with 24 students, 2 faculty members and 4 students. 1953 The two schools merged and changed its name to the School for the Blind and Deaf, which belongs to the Social Affairs Management Office of the Civil Affairs Bureau of Luda Municipal People's Government. 1958 At the beginning of this year, the Municipal School for the Blind and Deaf was transferred from the Civil Affairs Bureau to the Education Bureau for management, and some blind and deaf students were recruited from all districts of the city and Lushun and Changhai. 1996, the school directly uses the Chinese and mathematics textbooks of the same grade in ordinary primary schools for deaf-mute children with hearing; Chinese character learning experiment for students with low vision. As of 1996, the school has 26 classes with 330 students and 105 faculty members, including 86 full-time teachers.
Dalian's first school for mentally retarded children
In September, 1983, Qizhi School in Shahekou District was established. This is the first school for mentally retarded children in Dalian founded by Shahekou District Education Bureau. The school implements the policy of "training students to be self-reliant laborers with all-round development in morality, intelligence, physique, aesthetics and labor", and carries out cultural and intellectual education and targeted physical and mental compensation education on the basis of emotional training, and carries out colorful extracurricular activities and social practice activities to improve students' social cognitive ability and behavioral practice ability. The school has special classrooms for home economics, labor skills, fitness, cooking, experiments, music and so on 12. By the end of 1996, there were 120 students and 32 faculty members. The school has achieved good results in national, provincial and municipal cultural and sports competitions for many times, and won the cup twice in the "wisdom cup" competition organized by the city to assess students' comprehensive ability; It has been awarded the titles of "helping the disabled" marching unit, excellent school spirit and standardized qualified school.
Dalian No.1 Rehabilitation Kindergarten for Disabled Children
On June 1992, the rehabilitation kindergarten of Xianglujiao Street in Xigang District of Dalian officially opened. This is the first rehabilitation kindergarten for disabled children in Dalian invested by the street. The purpose of this park is to inspire the intelligence of mentally retarded and disabled children and enhance their living ability. That year, it received seven disabled children, including four kindergarten teachers and nursing staff.
The first training course for English teachers in Dalian was all taught by foreign teachers.
1990 From July 9 to August 18, the Dalian Municipal Education Commission, with the help of the China Education Flow Association, held the first summer training course for English teachers with 10 foreign teachers sent by the American English Association. English teachers from Dalian Urban and Rural 8 1 School participated in the training. After 1 summer training, the students' pronunciation and intonation accuracy and conversation ability have been improved, and 124 students have obtained the graduation certificate issued by the American English Institute. By the end of 1996, * * had hired 92 American English teachers to train primary and secondary school teachers in seven phases 1226, accounting for 53% of the city's primary and secondary school English teachers.