China.com.cn time of China Net: 2007- 12- 17, comments >>
In 2006, with the approval of the National Bureau of Statistics, the Office of the National Working Committee on Ageing organized and implemented it, and entrusted the China Research Center on Ageing to undertake the task of "Follow-up Survey on the Status of Urban and Rural Elderly Population in China". This survey was conducted in 20 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government on the basis of the first national sampling survey of urban and rural elderly population in 2000. The standard time for this follow-up survey is 0: 00 on June 1 day, 2006. In the sampling survey results, the effective sample of individual questionnaire is 19947, and the effective sample of community questionnaire is 2874. This survey is based on the weighted results of the national 1% population sampling survey data of the National Bureau of Statistics in 2005, which is highly scientific, credible and representative. Through investigation, we can fully understand the changes in the basic situation of the elderly in urban and rural areas and the growth in the demand for old-age security and services for the elderly in recent years, and deeply understand the problems existing in the development of urban and rural aging undertakings, so as to provide scientific basis for the party and the state to study and formulate social and economic development plans, aging undertakings development plans and related laws, regulations and policies. The investigation is hereby notified as follows:
I. Main data results of this follow-up survey
The following are the weighted data of this survey (as of 0: 00 on June 1 day, 2006).
1, the basic background of the elderly population
(1) Total number of elderly people and their urban and rural distribution
The total number of elderly people over the age of 60 is 6.5438+0.4657 million (according to the figures published by the National Bureau of Statistics, it will increase to 6.5438+0.490.65438+0 million by the end of 2006). Among them, there are 38.56 million urban elderly, accounting for 26.3%, and rural elderly 1.080654.38+0.000, accounting for 73.7%; According to the household registration, the non-agricultural elderly population is 40 19, accounting for 27.5%, and the agricultural elderly population is 106 19, accounting for 72.5%.
(2) Gender and age structure of the elderly.
Among the elderly population, 48.9% are men and 565,438+0.65,438+0% are women, slightly more than men.
In terms of age structure, the proportion of elderly people aged 60-64 in China is 30.3%, that of 65-69 is 25.5%, that of 70-74 is 20.6%, that of 75-79 is 13. 1%, and that of 80 years old and above is10.5.
(3) the education level of the elderly population
From the perspective of education level, the elderly who have never attended school in cities account for 16.4%, private schools account for 2.4%, primary schools account for 34. 1%, junior high schools account for 23.9%, senior high schools (technical secondary schools) account for 15.9%, and college graduates account for 7.3%. Old people who have never attended school in rural areas account for 5 1.4%, private schools account for 4. 1%, primary schools account for 34.7%, junior high schools account for 8.3%, senior high schools (technical secondary schools) account for 1.3%, and junior college or above accounts for 0.2%. The education level of the elderly population in rural areas is obviously lower than that in cities.
2. Family structure and the life will of the elderly.
(1) Family structure of the elderly
The proportion of urban elderly living alone is 49.7%, of which 8.3% are solitary households, 4 1.4% are husband and wife households, and 50.3% live with other family members. 38.3% of the rural elderly live independently, of which 9.3% live alone, 29.0% live with husband and wife, and 6 1.7% live with other family members. The number of empty-nest elderly families in cities has increased rapidly, and the proportion of rural elderly living with other family members is significantly higher than that in cities.
(2) the life will of the elderly
37.2% of the urban elderly are willing to live with their children, regardless of 2 1.0%, and 40.8% are unwilling. 54.5% of the rural elderly are willing to live with their children, 24.0% are indifferent and 20.5% are unwilling; Old people in rural areas often live with their children.
(3) the proportion of people who are willing to stay in old-age care institutions
Among the urban elderly, 16. 1% are willing to live in an old-age care institution, with an average monthly expenditure of 7 10 yuan; Among the rural elderly, 15.2% are willing to live in an old-age care institution, which is slightly less than that in cities, but the average monthly expenses they can bear are only 1, 2 1 yuan, which is a huge gap compared with cities.
3, the income and expenditure of the elderly and the coverage of old-age security.
(1) Old-age pension rate
78.0% of the urban elderly and 4.8% of the rural elderly. The average monthly pension for the elderly who enjoy retirement (pension) in cities is 990 yuan; 684 yuan in rural areas.
(2) The average annual income and expenditure of the elderly.
The average annual income of the urban elderly is 1 1963 yuan, and the expenditure is 10028 yuan, of which the average medical expenses borne by them are 885 yuan; The average annual cash income of the rural elderly is 2722 yuan, and the expenditure is 269 1 yuan, of which the average medical expenses borne by them are 287 yuan.
4. Health and medical security for the elderly.
(1) Self-assessment of health status of the elderly
4.2% of the urban elderly consider themselves in poor health, 15.6% in poor health, 52.3% in average health, 22.9% in good health and 5.0% in good health. 5.8% of rural elderly people think they are in poor health, 20.7% think they are in poor health, 50.4% think they are in general health, 19.2% think they are in good health and 3.9% think they are in good health. The self-rated health status of the urban elderly is better than that of the rural elderly.
(2) Medical security coverage rate
74. 1% of the urban elderly enjoy all kinds of medical insurance, and 25.9% cannot enjoy any medical insurance. 44.7% of the rural elderly enjoy all kinds of medical insurance, and 55.3% cannot enjoy any medical insurance. It can be seen that the phenomenon that the elderly in rural areas lack medical care and medicine, it is difficult to see a doctor and look down on the disease is still very serious.
5. Self-care ability and nursing service demand of the elderly.
(1) Self-care ability
85.4% of the urban elderly can take care of themselves completely, 9.6% can take care of themselves partially and 5.0% can't take care of themselves at all. 79.0% of the rural elderly can take care of themselves completely, 14. 1% can take care of themselves partially, and 6.9% can't take care of themselves at all. The self-care situation of the urban elderly is better than that of the rural elderly.
(2) the needs of daily life care
9.9% of the urban elderly think that their daily life needs to be taken care of, 6.7% under 79 years old think that their daily life needs to be taken care of, and 33.1%over 80 years old; 9.3% of the rural elderly think that their daily life needs to be taken care of, 7.5% of the elderly under 79 years old think that their daily life needs to be taken care of, and 30.4% of the elderly over 80 years old; The needs of the elderly are obviously higher than the overall level.
6. Happiness and life satisfaction of the elderly.
Among the urban elderly, 56.9% feel happy and relatively happy, 39.4% feel almost the same, and 3.7% feel less happy. Among the rural elderly, 33. 1% feel happy, 56.2% feel almost the same, and 10.7% feel less happy. The difference between urban and rural areas is obvious.
56.8% of the urban elderly are satisfied with their life (very satisfied 10.5%), 32.3% are average, 10.9% are dissatisfied (very dissatisfied 4.3%); 42.0% of the rural elderly are satisfied with their lives (very satisfied with 5.0%), 45.5% are average, 12.5% are dissatisfied (very dissatisfied with 4.1%); The life satisfaction of the urban elderly is better than that of the rural elderly.
7. Grassroots work and services for the aged
Among the surveyed 1000 urban neighborhood committees (communities), 66% have activity places for the elderly, 77% have held lectures on health knowledge, 49% have organized regular physical examinations for the elderly, 77% have organized cultural and recreational activities for the elderly, 67% have organized voluntary services, and 8 1% have conducted legal popularization. Among the surveyed 1000 village committees, 30% have activity places for the elderly, 3 1% have activity rooms for the elderly, 24% have held lectures on health knowledge, 48% have conducted publicity on legal popularization, 2 1% regularly hold cultural and recreational activities for the elderly, and 22% have staff to serve the elderly.
In the 320 urban streets surveyed, 77% of the streets have held lectures on health knowledge of the elderly, 56% have organized regular physical examinations for the elderly, 82% have carried out publicity on legal popularization, 69% have organized voluntary services, and 85% have carried out activities to care for the elderly. Among the 320 townships surveyed, 53% can provide legal aid for the elderly, 4 1% can reduce the corresponding expenses for the elderly, 72% can provide living allowance for the extremely poor elderly, and 49% can provide medical assistance for the extremely poor elderly.
The aging departments of 80 cities involved in this survey organized and issued the "Senior Citizen's Preferential Card"; In 80 counties, 72% of the aging departments have organized agricultural and sideline technical services for elderly farmers.
Two. Changes and improvement of the basic situation of the elderly in urban and rural areas (2000-2006)
Comparing the results of two surveys in 2000 and 2006, we can see that the basic situation of the elderly in urban and rural areas in China has changed to a certain extent, and the basic living conditions of the elderly have also improved and improved significantly. According to the survey data, make the following basic judgments:
1, the size of the elderly population and its socio-demographic characteristics have changed significantly.
From 2000 to the end of 2006, the number of elderly people aged 60 and above in China increased from1.26 billion to1.49 billion, and the proportion of the total population also increased from 1.2% to 1.3%. The old-age security coefficient of the whole society increased from 15.7% to16.4%; The population aged 80 and above increased from11990,000 to161900,000, an increase of 35.0%, and the proportion of the total elderly population increased from 9.2% to 1.7%. The aging trend of age structure is becoming more and more obvious.
The education level of the elderly in urban and rural areas in China has changed significantly. In urban areas, the proportion of elderly people who did not attend school decreased from 26.7% in 2000 to 65,438+0.4% in 2006, while in rural areas, the proportion decreased from 60.7% to 565,438+0.4% in the same period. The proportion of urban elderly with junior high school education or above rose from 39.7% in 2000 to 47. 1% in 2006, and from 5.6% to 9.8% in rural areas.
2. Old-age security and income levels are improved, and basic living is guaranteed.
The proportion of urban elderly people enjoying old-age pension increased from 69. 1% in 2000 to 78.0% in 2006, and the average annual income increased from 7392 yuan to 1 1963 yuan, an increase of 6 1.8%. In the same period, the proportion of the elderly whose annual income is lower than the local minimum living security line decreased from 4.9% in 2000 to 3.5% in 2006; The proportion of people who think that their economy is secure has risen from 74.7% to 80.5%;
The proportion of rural elderly people enjoying old-age pension increased from 3.3% in 2000 to 4.8% in 2006, and the average annual income increased from 165 1 yuan to 2722 yuan, an increase of 64.9%. In the same period, the proportion of elderly people's annual income below the local assistance standard decreased from 3 1.9% to 23.9%. The basic life of the vast majority of the elderly is guaranteed.
3. The medical security of the elderly has been improved to some extent.
In recent years, the society has generally reflected that it is difficult to see a doctor and the problem of contempt is more prominent. The Party and the government have continuously established and improved various medical security systems and medical assistance systems, and promoted the reform of the medical and health system, which has greatly improved the medical security situation of the elderly. From 2000 to 2006, the coverage rate of various medical insurance for the urban elderly increased from 565,438+0.6% to 74.65,438+0%, and the proportion of the elderly who did not enjoy any medical insurance decreased from 48.4% to 25.9%. The new cooperative medical system was implemented in rural areas. During the same period, the basic medical security for the elderly also increased from 8.9% to 44.7%, and the proportion of the elderly who did not enjoy any medical security decreased from 9 1. 1% to 55.3%. Comparatively speaking, although the coverage rate of rural medical security has increased rapidly, the gap between urban and rural areas is still significant.
4. Social welfare and social assistance for the elderly are constantly developing.
Various socialized old-age services have been greatly improved in cities and in rural areas.
From 2000 to 2006, the proportion of urban elderly people enjoying various social welfare subsidies and social assistance rose from 16% to 19.3%, and rural elderly people rose from 15% to 19.7%. The proportion of urban elderly people receiving senior citizens' preferential cards and enjoying various preferential treatments rose from 40.5% to 63.9%, the proportion of urban elderly people enjoying special hardship assistance rose from 1% to 2.4%, and the proportion of rural elderly people enjoying government assistance rose from 5.4% to 8.9%.
There are more activity rooms and nurseries for the elderly in urban communities, and the coverage rate of the elderly has increased from 5 1.2% and1.7% to 70.8% and 3 1.2% respectively. Both urban and rural communities have increased sports and fitness venues, increasing the proportion of the elderly, from 465,438+0.7% to 64.5% in cities; In rural areas, it increased from 10.6% to18.4%;
5, the elderly living and living environment improved.
The proportion of the housing property owned by the elderly themselves or their spouses has increased from 67.6% to 75.4% in cities and from 38.8% to 56% in rural areas; The proportion of people who are dissatisfied with their housing situation has dropped from 22.3% to 65,438+05% in cities and from 265,438+0.6% to 65,438+05.1%in rural areas.
The proportion of elderly people who provide domestic service near their homes has increased from 45.6% to 68.2% in cities and from 3.6% to 6.8% in rural areas. The proportion of elderly people with home-based care services nearby has increased from 36% to 55. 1% in cities and from 3.6% to 8.2% in rural areas; The coverage rate of providing dining table or food delivery service for the elderly in urban communities increased from 7.6% to 19.5%. The service facilities in urban and rural elderly residential areas have been further standardized and convenient, and the community service function has been strengthened and improved.
6. The social participation level of the elderly has gradually improved.
The survey shows that the awareness and ability of urban and rural elderly people to participate in social and economic activities, participate in community activities and express group demands are gradually increasing. From 2000 to 2006, the proportion of urban elderly people participating in various social welfare activities increased from 38.7% to 45.1%; The proportion of rural elderly who know about the collective economy has increased from 1 1.9% to18.8%; The proportion of elderly people who are willing to chat with the elderly who have difficulties around them has increased from 50% in the same period in cities to 60.7%, and the increase in rural areas is not significant, from 66. 1% to 67.5%; The proportion of elderly people willing to participate in community organizations increased from 56.4% to 66.2% in urban areas and from 54.0% to 665,438+0.4% in rural areas. In the same period, the number of people in cities who are willing to represent the elderly to reflect their actual problems and wishes to higher-level organizations increased from 52.7% to 65.5%.
The proportion of urban elderly people continuing to work and re-employment is not very high, but their ability to participate in market economy activities has improved, and many people are still more active in guiding production, participating in investment, stock trading and other social and economic activities in various ways; Many rural elderly people still participate in economic activities in various ways, and 45.5% of them insist on doing farm work, an increase of 65,438 0.2 percentage points over 2000. 5.4% people work or do business, which is 2.5 percentage points higher than that in 2000, and nearly 1 times higher.
Third, the development of urban and rural aging undertakings is facing severe challenges.
1, the increasingly severe trend of population aging is bringing more and more pressure to economic and social development.
China has a large number of elderly people aged 60 and over, accounting for 2 1.4% of the global elderly population, ranking first in the world, which is about equivalent to the sum of the elderly population aged 60 and over in Europe. Moreover, the aging growth rate is fast, with an average annual growth rate of 3.2%, which is close to five times the growth rate of the total population. According to the centennial forecast of population aging in China, the elderly population will reach 654.38+74 million in 20 10, accounting for 12.8% of the total population, and further increase to 248 million in 2020, accounting for 17.2%, showing an accelerated growth trend. The rapid increase in the number of elderly people will inevitably put forward new and higher requirements for the construction of the old-age security system and the old-age service system.
The increasingly severe trend of population aging and the acceleration of aging have great pressure on China's economic and social development, especially after 2030. By then, the population window period will also end. Both the total dependency ratio of the population and the dependency ratio of the elderly will rise, and the economic and social development is facing unprecedented pressure.
2. The pension and medical security system of the whole society is not perfect, and the basic rights and interests of the elderly need to be properly arranged.
The most important and direct demand of the elderly population with a sharp increase in number and huge scale is the basic guarantee of nursing and medical care. The survey shows that from 2000 to 2006, great changes have taken place in the choice of old-age security for urban and rural elderly. The proportion of participating in social endowment insurance as the first choice for providing for the aged has increased from 23.4% to 50.3% in urban areas and from 5. 1% to1.8% in rural areas. In the same period, the proportion of giving priority to children's old-age care dropped sharply, from 52.3% to 18.4% in cities and from 80.8% to 64.6% in rural areas. This not only reflects that the traditional concept of old-age care is changing, but also expresses the expectation of the elderly for social old-age security. In fact, China's old-age security system is still in the process of being established, which is not only narrow in coverage, but also low in insurance coverage, especially in the vast rural areas, and is basically excluded from the scope of system security. According to the survey, in 2000, the urban pension coverage rate was 85.6% for men and 53.6% for women; in 2006, it was 89. 1% for men and 64.6% for women. In rural areas, only 4.8% of the elderly enjoy old-age security; The overall income level and growth rate of the elderly in urban and rural areas, especially in rural areas, are still low. Nearly 20% of the urban elderly have an annual income of less than 4,600 yuan, which is lower than 50% of the average annual income of the urban elderly. There are still 6,543.8+0.35 million urban elderly whose income is lower than the local minimum living security line. The annual income of 27% rural elderly people is lower than that of 750 yuan, which is lower than 50% of the median income of rural elderly people. There are still 2 1.6 million rural elderly people whose income is lower than the level of rural assistance. In the survey, the rural elderly were very worried about the lack of living expenses, which increased from 12.4% to 14.2% in the same period.
The changes in the consumption structure of the elderly in China from 2000 to 2006 can also reflect the low income of the elderly. Consumption is mainly based on food and clothing. In 2000, the daily living expenses of the urban elderly accounted for 63.3% of the consumption structure, and the rural elderly accounted for 77.2%; By 2006, the consumption structure dominated by daily living expenses has not changed much, still accounting for 64.2% and 75.5% respectively.
In terms of medical security, there is still a big gap between medical security and full coverage of the elderly in cities, but less than half in rural areas. From 2000 to 2006, the proportion of urban male elderly people enjoying medical security rose from 67.3% to 82.9%, and that of female people rose from 36.9% to 65.9%. The proportion of rural male elderly people enjoying medical security increased from 10% to 44.2%, and that of women increased from 7.9% to 45.2%. In 2006, the medical expenses of the elderly in cities and towns (excluding medical expenses not borne by themselves) accounted for 8.8% of the consumption structure, and the elderly in rural areas accounted for 10.7%. The proportion of rural elderly who are very worried about having no money for treatment when they are sick has increased from 17% to 20% in the same period. Primary medical and health resources are still scarce. In urban community neighborhood committees, 59% lack general practitioners, 56% lack nursing instructors, 49% lack nurses, 38% lack nurses and 34% lack volunteers. Rural village committees and natural villages need to be established and strengthened in these aspects. This shows that there is still a long way to go to establish an effective medical security system for the elderly in the whole society.
3. The demand of the elderly for long-term professional nursing and community nursing services is increasing rapidly, but the social service system for the elderly has not been really established and improved.
The demand of the elderly for various old-age services is also growing. Not only do disabled elderly people urgently need long-term care and professional care, but many elderly people at home also have a stronger demand for community service and community care.
As far as the service demand of long-term care and professional care is concerned, in recent years, the relative number of elderly people who are completely or partially disabled in daily life in urban and rural areas has not changed much, but the absolute number and scale have increased significantly, and the demand has also increased sharply.
From 2000 to 2006, with the increase of the elderly and empty nesters, the urban population rose from 42.0% in 2000 to 49.7% in 2006, while the rural population rose slightly from 37.9% to 38.3% in the same period. The proportion of elderly people in urban and rural areas who need full care in their daily lives has increased from 6.6% to 9.8%, including 8% to 9.3% in cities and 6.2% to 9.9% in rural areas. At present, the number of completely disabled elderly people in China has increased from 7.99 million to 9.4 million, including 6.5438+0.54 million in cities and 6.45 million in rural areas. In the same period, the number of partially disabled elderly people increased from 1, 466,5438+0,000 to 1, 894,000, including 2.6-3.7 million in cities and 206,5438+0,000 in rural areas. As a result, the long-term care and nursing responsibility of families and society for the disabled elderly has obviously increased. The total number of urban and rural elderly people who are willing to stay in old-age care institutions for a long time has increased. According to the survey, the potential demand for institutional beds for the aged increased from 182 1000 in 2000 to 226 1000 in 2006. However, there are only 6.5438+0.49 million beds in social pension institutions in China, which is far from the demand of 654.38+0/654.38+02.
Compared with a few elderly people who provide for the aged in institutions, most of them provide for the aged at home. When family members can't afford all or part of the old-age care services, they must expect the society and the community to provide care services and guidance to make up for the lack or deficiency of family care functions. The demand for hotline service and dining table (meal delivery) of the urban elderly increased by 6. 1 and 3.5 percentage points respectively, while the rural elderly who were very worried about being left unattended increased from 1 1.3% to 13.4%. All these put forward higher requirements for community-based long-term care and social services for the elderly. However, the development of community service and community nursing in China is not optimistic. According to the survey, 66% of urban community neighborhood committees have activity places for the elderly, while only 30% of rural village committees have relatively simple activity places for the elderly, and 3 1% have activity rooms for the elderly. The proportion of elderly people who can provide domestic service in urban and rural communities is 68.2% in cities and only 6.8% in rural areas; The coverage rate of providing dining table or food delivery service for the elderly in urban communities is only19.5%; The proportion of elderly people who can provide home-based care services is 55. 1% in cities and only 8.2% in rural areas.
All these indicate that China, especially rural areas, is facing severe challenges of long-term care for the elderly, and it is urgent to establish an all-round socialized service system for the aged, including life care, culture and entertainment, medical care and spiritual comfort.
4. The psychological problems and spiritual needs of the elderly need to arouse the serious concern of the whole society.
After the continuous improvement of material life, it is particularly important to improve the spiritual life of the elderly. Generally speaking, the psychological and mental state of the elderly in China is healthy and positive, and it is still improving; However, we still have to see that they still have many psychological and mental health problems that need attention and attention.
The survey shows that in 2006, the proportion of urban and rural elderly people who feel that they can't keep up with social development is still as high as 73.6%, which is only 1.2 percentage points lower than that in 2000, and only in rural areas, this proportion has increased; At present, the elderly who often feel lonely are 18% in cities and 30.9% in rural areas; In particular, the proportion of old people who don't like making friends has increased in the past five years, from 20.4% in 2000 to 23.0% in 2006 in cities and from 26.8% to 29.8% in rural areas. The elderly who had suicidal thoughts accounted for 2.6% in cities and 4.9% in rural areas.
This shows that the elderly are in urgent need of care and guidance in psychological and spiritual health, and society has the obligation to help them face life positively, actively participate in society and promote intergenerational harmony.
In short, the anxiety of the elderly about their own pension reflected in the survey shows that under the situation of rapid economic and social development in China, the elderly have not fully adapted to the impact of the construction of the socialist market economic system on the traditional pension model, on the other hand, it also reflects the serious lag and obvious defects in the construction of the old-age security system and the old-age service system in China. These problems are the key issues for us to study and implement the spirit of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, fully implement Scientific Outlook on Development, conscientiously implement the 11th Five-Year Plan for the development of the cause of aging in China, and strive to build a harmonious socialist society. It is also an inexhaustible motive force for the innovation and development of China's aging cause.
Iv. policy suggestions for developing the cause of aging in urban and rural areas
1. Accelerate the establishment and improvement of the social security system to protect the basic living rights and interests of the elderly in urban and rural areas.
In accordance with the requirements of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, in the process of building a social security system based on social insurance, social assistance and social welfare, focusing on basic pension, basic medical care and minimum living security system, supplemented by charity and commercial insurance, we should put the old-age security of the majority of the elderly in an important position. At present, efforts should be made to solve the most urgent and urgent problems of "support" and "medical care" for the elderly. On this basis, we will gradually develop and improve new security measures such as survivor insurance, nursing insurance, and housing for the elderly, so that the elderly in urban and rural areas can get the most basic old-age care and medical care as soon as possible.
2. Strive to build an all-round social service system for the elderly covering urban and rural areas.
Efforts will be made to strengthen the institutions, facilities, services and management of old-age care services, build a social service network for the elderly covering all the elderly in urban and rural areas, and truly build a characteristic old-age care service system in China based on home-based care, supported by community care and supplemented by institutional support. We must resolutely implement the spirit of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, "to narrow the regional development gap, we must pay attention to the equalization of basic public services", speed up the implementation of public finance policies, increase the government's investment in the cause of aging, especially in rural and remote areas, and speed up the construction of facilities such as urban and rural nursing homes, professional nursing institutions, community elderly service institutions and service outlets, cultural and entertainment venues, fitness venues and paths in accordance with the development ideas of socialization of social welfare and integration of urban and rural areas. At present, it is urgent to put the construction of "caring project" on the agenda and provide professional long-term care and nursing services for many disabled elderly people as soon as possible. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the management of the design and implementation of various services for the elderly, the control and supervision of service process, the evaluation and inspection of service results, and make bold innovations in management system, operation mechanism, team building, etc., so as to realize the overall management and whole process control of service quality and ensure that the service needs of the elderly are effectively met.
3. Make every effort to promote the leap-forward development of the cause of aging in remote and backward areas and vast rural areas.
The survey shows that most of the elderly in China live in rural areas, but the social security and services for the elderly in rural areas are relatively lacking, and some remote and poor areas are in a state of low level of security and almost blank services. In order to fundamentally change this situation, the central government should increase investment in the old-age care in rural areas and remote areas, increase the share of transfer payments, increase the inclination of resource allocation, and take more responsibility for the social security and service facilities construction of the old-age care in these remote and poor areas. In particular, the development of the old-age care in rural areas should be included in the national economic and social development plan, and it should be given priority care and support, so as to narrow the huge contrast caused by the urban-rural dual system as soon as possible and gradually realize the goal of building a harmonious society. At present, combined with the development of rural community construction, it is urgent to build five-guarantee nursing homes and welfare service centers for the elderly in towns and villages, build activity rooms for the elderly in village committees, establish elderly associations at the grassroots level and carry out voluntary mutual service activities, pay close attention to people's livelihood, so that rural elderly people can also enjoy the civilized achievements of economic and social development.
4. Establish and improve the system of laws, regulations and policies on aging, and create a good legal and policy environment for the development of the cause of aging.
It is necessary to combine the development trend of aging with the changes in the situation and tasks of providing for the aged under the conditions of market economy, seriously study the development strategy to deal with the aging population, influence the national economic construction, political construction and promote cultural construction and social construction from the perspective of marketization and globalization, profoundly reveal the impact and influence brought by the aging population, seize the opportunity, and scientifically put forward the national strategy to deal with the challenges of the aging population. We should seriously study, formulate and improve the laws, regulations and policy system for the development of the cause of the elderly, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the elderly according to law. At present, it is necessary to fully promote the revision and improvement of the Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly, actively coordinate with relevant departments, and promote the formulation, revision and improvement of laws, regulations and policies on the protection of the elderly, such as pension, medical care, welfare, assistance and community service, and comprehensively and conscientiously implement them to create a better and relaxed legal and policy environment for the development of the cause of the elderly.