Fat is distributed under the skin of the whole body. Usually, most of the body fat exists in the abdomen, thighs and buttocks, so according to the different distribution of the two, a person's body shape can be determined. People who accumulate fat around the chest and abdomen are apple-shaped. If fat accumulates on thighs and buttocks, it will lead to pear shape.
For obese people, if the waist circumference is greater than the hip circumference, it belongs to an apple-shaped figure. Conversely, if the waist circumference is smaller than the hip circumference, it is pear-shaped. Compared with pear-shaped, apple-shaped figure tends to have a larger waist-hip ratio, which means that the fat accumulated on apple-shaped figure is concentrated around the abdomen or waist, which symbolizes centripetal obesity.
Obesity is usually measured by body mass index, body mass index and weight kg divided by the square of height cm. If it is greater than 30 (29 in China), it belongs to obesity. Apple-shaped centripetal obesity is considered to be a more accurate predictor of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. This is because research shows that waist fat accumulation will lead to greater health risks of heart disease, diabetes and cancer. The reason is that the fat activity in the waist and abdomen is higher, which can produce more pro-inflammatory substances and more easily cause various diseases. In addition, the accumulation of abdominal fat may also be caused by unhealthy lifestyles, including drinking and lack of physical exercise.
However, some recent studies have questioned this statement. Some studies show that where a person accumulates fat when he is obese is actually determined by genes. Some people who are slightly obese may be obese in the waist and abdomen, while some people may be more likely to accumulate fat in their hips and thighs when they are obese. And perhaps these genes also lead to the difference in the risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic disease.
In any case, obesity is bad. It has been proved that obesity can obviously increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, bone and joint diseases, certain types of cancer and other diseases. Pear-shaped and apple-shaped people are at higher risk of these diseases than normal people who are not obese. So instead of obsessing about which obesity is better, it is better to keep in good shape.
This question is a good one, which is particularly meaningful. Since I gave birth to two children, I have a lot of fat on my stomach, soft and watery. I can really grab a handful of fat. So now I am also trying to lose weight, especially the fat on my stomach.
First of all, let's understand, what is an apple-shaped figure and what is pear shape? According to the different parts of fat distribution in the body, obesity can be divided into two types: one is central obesity and the other is peripheral obesity.
1. Central obesity refers to excessive accumulation of fat in the abdomen. We also call it abdominal obesity, abdominal obesity or visceral obesity. Because this figure is somewhat similar to the shape of an apple, some people call it apple-shaped obesity or apple-shaped figure.
2, peripheral obesity, refers to the body fat distribution is relatively uniform, hip and leg fat accumulation is more obvious. This figure looks a bit like a pear, so people call it pear-shaped obesity or pear-shaped.
The Blue Book of Obesity Prevention and Control in China stipulates the criteria for judging apple obesity:
So how do you measure this waist circumference?
Apple-shaped body is more dangerous than pear-shaped, 1, which is easy to cause heart disease.
Apple-shaped figure, most of the fat accumulates in the abdomen, which means that the heart is surrounded by a thick layer of fat, which will make the blood circulation around the heart poor and easily lead to heart disease.
2. It is easy to damage the liver.
Abdominal fat accumulation indicates that there is a lot of fat around the liver, which is easy to damage the liver and lead to fatty liver.
3, cause diabetes
Abdominal fat accumulation is too much, and the sensitivity to insulin is relatively poor. Moreover, it will cause abnormal glucose metabolism, make blood sugar unstable and easily lead to diabetes.
"Encyclopedia of Nutrition Science in China 2nd Edition (Volume II)" mentioned:
What is the reason for the apple-shaped figure? 1, eat more
Now that our living standard has improved, food is not as scarce as before. Therefore, all kinds of food have slowly filled our stomachs and "fed" us fat people.
In addition, many people often eat fast food for convenience. These fast foods are high in oil, fat and energy, which makes us all eat too much and become too fat.
2. Less exercise
Most people have no habit of exercise, no awareness of fitness, and too little daily physical activity, such as people who sit in offices, full-time wives who take care of children and the elderly at home, and so on.
Especially for people who often sit, abdominal fat accumulation is more serious.
3. Life is irregular and stressful.
Now many young people, even some middle-aged people, can't work and rest normally, so they have to work overtime and stay up late. Even if I'm not busy, I like to brush my mobile phone before going to bed. In the long run, the body's metabolism will be affected to a certain extent, and obesity will gradually appear.
How can we avoid apple-shaped obesity? 1, eat less
We try to eat regularly three times a day, and each meal is only seven or eight points full. Don't eat too much, because if you eat too much, there will be excess energy in your body, which can be easily converted into fat.
In particular, it is best to eat dinner around 18:00, not too late, because if dinner is too close to sleep time, it will not only affect the quality of sleep, but also cause excess energy.
2. Do more exercise.
We should exercise consciously every day. China Dietary Guidelines 20 16 suggest that we should take at least 6000 steps every day.
If we are overweight or obese, especially apple-type obese people, it is best to do more than 1 hour of physical activities every day, such as brisk walking, jogging, swimming, playing ball games, aerobic exercise and so on. And do strength exercises every other day, such as training with dumbbells or other fitness equipment, every time 10 minutes.
Of course, if you are just starting to exercise, you must do it step by step. Exercise 10 minutes every day in the first week, increasing in turn.
Try to keep regular work and rest and a healthy lifestyle.
Try not to stay up late. Of course, sometimes you may be too busy and need to work overtime. If you don't work overtime, try to eat on time, especially dinner. Go to bed early and try to put down electronic products such as mobile phones after 22 o'clock.
If possible, some work can also be put in the morning, which can force you to get up early and kill two birds with one stone.
Conclusion: Apple-shaped obesity is much more harmful than pear-shaped obesity. We should consciously cultivate healthy eating habits, strengthen exercise, prevent obesity, and even avoid the occurrence of apple obesity.
Apples are prone to diabetes.