First, the cognition of physical education and health class
1. As far as the physical education majors in the county education system are concerned, they are more professional and more aware of the status and importance of developing physical education and health classes in school work; It is undeniable that over the years, educational organizers have done a lot of work in physical education and health classes in rural schools and achieved certain results. However, due to many factors, there are still problems in the organization and leadership of physical education in rural schools. According to the survey, only 2 1.3% of the physical education work in rural schools in our district is sound, 2.9% is efficient and 38.4% is inefficient. Mostly because of the problem of leadership concept, they lack due attention and specific leadership to school physical education. Although there are sports administrative agencies and special personnel in charge of the county-level education departments, their main work is still focused on coping with and organizing various competitions; From the perspective of leadership objectives, they think that school sports is to send more athletes, which is an "excellent" performance of physical education and health classes.
2. In the aspect of school leadership, nearly 93% teachers think that leadership factors affect the development of school health education. Most principals also admit the importance of carrying out physical education and health classes in middle schools, but they have their own difficulties, because the enrollment rate is an important indicator for the society and superiors to evaluate the quality of a school. It is useless to carry out health education activities. Some schools unilaterally pursue the enrollment rate. It often occupies physical education and health classes and extracurricular activities, reduces students' physical activities, and affects students' physical quality and health level. The author also found that many schools have such problems. Judging from the schools surveyed, the weekly class hours of physical education and health classes gradually decrease with the increase of grades. This concept leads to less than 40% of the regular classes of physical education class and Health in Guangxi rural areas, which makes most rural primary and middle school students have no right to receive physical education.
3. For PE and health teachers, firstly, there is a lack of understanding of the research trends of PE and health classes, lack of information, little change in ideas, traces of the idea of "competitive sports" still exist, and most teachers fail to pursue advanced studies in time. Secondly, some teachers exaggerate the constraints of venue equipment and emphasize that the current predicament is not suitable for physical education and health classes. Third, they lack professionalism, mainly because they are not treated equally with the subject.
4. Rural people don't understand physical education and health classes. They think that "spending money to send children to school to learn culture is business, and it is better to go out of the farm in the future." They are jumping around at school, so it is better to go home and do farm work. " They didn't understand from the height and depth of improving the quality of the whole nation, and the backward concept also hindered the development of physical education and health classes in rural schools. The main reason is that the education administrative department has not done a good job in the publicity of physical education and health classes and has not implemented them.
Second, the status quo of physical education and health classes in rural schools
1. School's attitude towards physical education and health classes. Although the standard has been promulgated for many years, the basic concept of physical education and health course has not been reflected in rural schools. According to the survey, the way of attending classes in rural schools has not changed much, and the educational ideas and concepts of schools and teachers have not changed. Even if a few schools have considerable conditions, they may not necessarily follow the standards. Teaching plan is the basis of classroom teaching in physical education class, and the quality of preparing lessons is directly related to the effectiveness of classroom teaching in physical education class. In most rural schools, the proportion of compiling teaching plans is not high, and the implementation of physical education and health courses is not very serious. For example, physical education class can also arrange non-professional teachers, and more than 58.6% of rural primary school physical education and health classes are taught randomly. If health education teachers are the concrete organizers and implementers of school health education and the key to ensure the smooth development of school health education, then schools should be the necessary foundation for the development of physical education and health education. According to the schools surveyed, the weekly class hours of physical education and health education gradually decrease with the increase of grades, and the class hours can be occupied at any time.
2. Teacher status. It can be seen from the survey that in recent years, physical education teachers have been absorbed and trained everywhere, and the number of physical education teachers in rural areas has developed to a certain extent. Compared with the past, the quality of rural physical education teachers has improved to a certain extent. However, judging from the workload of physical education teachers in rural schools, the gap of physical education teachers is still relatively large, not because teachers cannot be recruited, but because school leaders are unwilling to have more. Even if the work is overloaded, junior and intermediate titles still account for the majority (95.5%). In rural schools in poor areas, physical education teachers generally have low academic qualifications and the overall level of teachers is not high. Many are part-time or substitute teachers. In addition, the on-the-job training of physical education teachers is also insufficient. Since middle schools now offer physical education and health education courses, it is necessary to carry out large-scale training in various forms. In order to adapt to the current teaching of physical education and health in middle schools, although physical education teachers have studied related courses of human science in colleges and universities, such as human anatomy, exercise physiology, exercise health care, nutrition and so on. This is helpful for physical education teachers to engage in the teaching of physical education and health classes. With the continuous update of science and technology, physical education teachers should strengthen on-the-job training to meet the requirements of physical education and health classes.
Teachers are very important in the teaching of any subject. 83% teachers think that teachers' knowledge structure affects the development of school health education, and 75% teachers think that professional quality is the influencing factor of school health education. In the investigation, it is found that the concept of "attaching importance to intelligence, neglecting physical fitness and neglecting morality" is still the mainstream in rural schools, and physical education teachers in rural schools are often in a lower position than other disciplines and are not taken seriously. Even so, compared with the 1990s, the brain drain of physical education teachers is not as serious as that at that time, but their professionalism is gone and they concentrate on their second job. This abnormal phenomenon is extremely unfavorable to the promotion and development of physical education in rural schools. Physical education teachers are the concrete implementers and organizers of school health education and the disseminators of health knowledge, methods and skills. The quality of their work is directly related to whether the task of school health education can be completed.
3. The problem of site and equipment. Gymnasium and equipment are the basic material conditions of school physical education. Sports venues and equipment are old problems in rural schools in China, which have not been effectively solved for a long time. The survey shows that the standard rate of sports equipment in many rural schools is less than 30%. At present, the sports equipment in rural schools is mainly self-raised and self-made. Compared with urban schools, rural schools are less likely to seek social sponsorship to improve physical education teaching conditions. Only 23.5% of the equipment in rural primary and secondary schools meets the national minimum equipment catalogue standard. Therefore, while the government allocates funds to increase venues and equipment, it is still necessary to carry forward the spirit of hard work and self-reliance, adjust measures to local conditions, repair the old and make use of the waste, make their own equipment, and appropriately increase the proportion of self-made equipment in schools.
Three. suggestion
1. Improve the health education organization and do a good job in implementation. All schools should truly establish the teaching concept of "health first" and set up health education functional institutions to ensure the implementation of school health education. School health education is a systematic project, which needs the full cooperation of relevant departments of the school to ensure the development of school health education.
2. Improve the sanitary environment of schools. Sanitary environment is an important factor affecting human health. Schools should pay attention to improving the environment, such as classrooms, dormitories, reading rooms, canteens, stadiums and the surrounding environment of the campus. Elegant and suitable campus environment can promote the healthy development of students' body and mind, help to improve students' learning enthusiasm and cultivate students' sentiment; On the other hand, it will directly or indirectly affect students' physical and mental health. Sports ground and equipment are the basic material conditions of school physical education. Increase funding and further improve the construction of sports venues in rural schools. The choice of teaching content in the standard is flexible. Therefore, rural schools should carry forward the spirit of hard work and self-reliance, adjust measures to local conditions, repair the old and make use of the waste, make their own equipment, and improve the hardware conditions of physical education in rural schools.
3. Carry out various forms of school health education activities to enhance students' health awareness and develop good health behaviors. Health education classes, exercises between classes, physical examination, special lectures, patriotic health campaigns, health knowledge contests and media are the basic ways to achieve the goal of school health education. The school should carry out some health education activities purposefully according to the actual situation of the school, so that students can master health care knowledge and skills, cultivate students' health awareness and habits, and improve their physical and mental health.
4. Strengthen the construction of physical education and health teachers in middle schools. In-service teachers can acquire the knowledge and skills of health education through self-study or on-the-job full-time or amateur study. While learning knowledge and skills, we should also strengthen the vocational education for teachers and improve the professional quality of physical education teachers. We should care about the life of rural physical education teachers and stabilize the teaching staff. Treat teachers in other disciplines equally in the selection of advanced teachers, promotion of professional titles and study, respect their labor and arouse their enthusiasm.
5. Strengthen the enforcement of education and sports laws and regulations. The state has promulgated the Education Law, the Outline of the National Fitness Program, the Physical Education Law and the Regulations on School Physical Education Health, which provide a legal basis for rural school physical education. Relevant departments should establish strict and effective management system and efficient operation mechanism, strengthen publicity and law enforcement, raise the awareness of lifelong sports in the whole society, and let every citizen truly understand the significance of sports to rural areas.