Xinjiang, China is one of the five longest-lived regions in the world confirmed by the International Association of Natural Medicines. Its area is 1.6 thousand square kilometers, accounting for 1/6 of the national area, while its population is only 1.308 million, accounting for 1/80 of the national total population. According to the third national census 1982, there are 385/kloc-0 elderly people in China, and Xinjiang accounts for 865 people, accounting for 22.46% of the national total. Judging from the geographical distribution of centenarians in Xinjiang, there are more in southern Xinjiang than in northern Xinjiang, and more in agricultural and pastoral areas than in cities. From the perspective of ethnic composition, ethnic minorities account for the vast majority; In terms of gender composition, there are more men than women. Based on the relevant data of centenarians in Xinjiang, this paper makes a preliminary discussion on their longevity.
1. You must be optimistic if you want to live a long and healthy life. This is the most important factor, which directly affects other factors.
"Optimists live long", this sentence is very reasonable. People often say: "Smile, less; I was so embarrassed that my head turned white. "Explain that emotions will not only affect human function, but also affect people's life span. Because emotions are closely related to hormones secreted by human endocrine system.
From what we know, people over 100 years old in Xinjiang are generally optimistic. They are gentle and generous, good-neighborly and friendly, and rarely have disputes with their neighbors; They are calm, not angry, not angry, don't like conflicts with people, and some don't quarrel with people all their lives; They are cheerful, love to talk and laugh, and seldom worry. Some centenarians liked singing and dancing when they were young, and now they still like listening to music. They are open-minded, unhurried, unhurried, unrepentant, far-sighted, reasonable, able to give and let go, and in the words of later generations, "there is no hurry when the sky falls." For example, 100-year-old Uyghur man Tipu once sold a camel with 200 peaks at the customs when he was young. On the way, only 32 of the 200 camels died due to weather and other reasons. When he came back, his family was very angry, but he was not sad about it.
2. Adequate nutrition and proper diet are the material basis to ensure longevity. Regular life and moderate eating habits are conducive to health and longevity.
Diet is the basis of human metabolism. In order to maintain the normal functions in the body, there must be sufficient nutrition supply. The research believes that without a special diet to promote immortality and poor quality food without rich nutrition, health and longevity cannot be guaranteed.
Judging from the diet of centenarians in Xinjiang, it varies with different regions and nationalities. They rely on mountains to eat, rely on water to eat, and eat whatever they collect. Agricultural areas are dominated by grain, supplemented by meat, milk tea, vegetables and fruits; Pastoral areas are dominated by meat and milk tea, supplemented by grains, and rarely eat vegetables and fruits. For example, in Turpan County and yutian county, which are located in agricultural areas, there are 43 people over 100 years old, 29 people, accounting for 67.44%, and they often cannot do without mutton, sheep oil and milk tea. Yuli County, located at the edge of Tarim Basin, is a semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral county with Tarim River and Peacock River in its territory. 1 1 centenarians who grew up in this county used to graze on the Gobi desert for a long time, eating wild animals, drinking milk tea, often eating fruits and rarely eating vegetables.
The food structure of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang is relatively simple, but it is rich in nutrition. Centenarians can eat in moderation, neither partial eclipse nor overeating. It can be seen that to live a long and healthy life, in terms of diet, it is not the diversity or singleness of food structure, nor the eating of meat or vegetarianism, but the adequacy of nutrition and the appropriateness of diet.
Most centenarians in Xinjiang maintain a simple, stable and regular lifestyle. They have good living habits, such as getting up early and going to bed early, paying attention to hygiene, combining work and rest, and keeping a certain rhythm in eating, living, working and resting. Due to religious beliefs, all the 858 centenarians of ethnic minorities do not drink or smoke except one. Facts show that regular life and good habits are of great benefit to health and longevity.
3. Long-term persistence in labor and physical exercise can promote health and longevity.
Insisting on exercise is the basis of fitness. If you don't exercise or seldom exercise, a series of dysfunction will occur. Many examples show that people who exercise for a long time and those who don't exercise are very different in body, spirit and disease resistance, because life lies in exercise. Experience has proved that persistent exercise can really promote health and longevity, which is illustrated by the situation of centenarians in Xinjiang.
Among the centenarians in Xinjiang, 98.05% are engaged in manual labor all their lives. He (she) has generally participated in manual labor since childhood, and still insists on exercising after old age. For example, if you often take a walk or do some housework within your power, most of you will be healthy and can take care of yourself after 100. For example, Mulati Parita, a Uighur man aged 102, worked as a small trader and walked around when he was young. Later, I have been farming and planting melons. Although 100 is over years old now, he is still in good health and can do business (selling melons). Yasre Jimaiti, a Uighur old man aged 102, has been engaged in manual labor from 12 to 90 years old, farming, herding cattle and herding sheep for others. Now, in addition to poor eyesight, I have lost three teeth, normal diet and convenient movement. He often takes a long walk, and he can also do some slight housework. A Kirgiz elder (female) 106 years old has been herding sheep and doing housework in mountainous areas since 15 years old. So far, she is in good health, has a good memory, speaks clearly and eats normally. She can not only take care of herself, but also do some minor housework.
The beautiful natural environment creates good conditions for health and longevity.
The natural geographical environment has an important influence on people's life span. Xinjiang has vast and beautiful countryside, alpine pastures, elegant and clean environment, fresh air, no industrial pollution and no urban noise, which creates good conditions for health and longevity.
From the distribution of centenarians in Xinjiang, there are 829 people in rural areas, mountainous areas and pastoral areas, accounting for 95.84% of the total centenarians; There are 36 people living in cities, accounting for 4. 16% of the total centenarians, of whom 1/3 moved to cities from agricultural and pastoral areas in his later years. Xinjiang is divided into two regions with obvious differences in natural conditions: southern Xinjiang and northern Xinjiang. The natural geographical environment in southern Xinjiang is better than that in northern Xinjiang. From the geographical distribution of centenarians, there are 753 people in southern Xinjiang, accounting for 87. 1% of the total centenarians. There are 1 12 people in northern Xinjiang, accounting for 12.9% of the total centenarians.
As can be seen from the above, people's longevity level is closely related to their living environment.
In addition to the above factors, people's longevity is also related to heredity.
According to statistics, among the 865 centenarians in Xinjiang, 29 parents live long, accounting for 3.35% of the total centenarians in the region, and 66 centenarians have children, all of whom are over 60 years old now. This shows that there is a certain relationship between longevity and heredity.
The longevity of population is a social phenomenon beyond natural factors such as physiology, environment and heredity. The superior socialist system is one of the reasons for the prolonged life span of the population and the gradual increase of centenarians.