For gasoline engines, SD-SF gasoline engine oil should be selected according to the additional devices and service conditions of the intake and exhaust system; For diesel engines, CB-CD diesel engine oil should be selected according to the mechanical load, and the selection standard should not be lower than the requirements specified by the manufacturer.

2. Change the oil and filter element regularly.

The oil quality of any quality grade lubricating oil will change during use. After a certain mileage, the performance will deteriorate, which will bring various problems to the engine. In order to avoid the occurrence of faults, oil should be changed regularly according to the use situation, and the amount of oil should be moderate (generally, the upper limit of oil meter is better). When the oil passes through the pores of the filter, solid particles and viscous substances in the oil will accumulate in the filter. If the filter is blocked and the oil can't pass through the filter element, the filter element will burst or the safety valve will be opened. After passing through the bypass valve, the dirt will still be brought back to the lubrication part, which will promote engine wear and aggravate internal pollution.

3. Keep the crankcase well ventilated.

At present, most gasoline engines are equipped with PCV valve (crankcase forced ventilation device) to promote engine ventilation, but pollutants in "blowby" will be deposited around the PCV valve, which may block the valve. If the PCV valve is blocked, the polluted gas will flow back to the air filter and pollute the filter element, which will reduce the filtering ability. If the inhaled mixed gas is too dirty, it will further pollute the crankcase, leading to increased fuel consumption, increased engine wear and even damage the engine. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the PCV regularly to remove pollutants around the PCV valve.

4. Clean the crankcase regularly.

During the operation of the engine, high-pressure unburned gas, acid, water, sulfur and nitrogen oxides in the combustion chamber enter the crankcase through the gap between the piston ring and the cylinder wall, and mix with the metal powder produced by the wear of parts to form sludge. Suspended in the engine oil when the amount is small, and precipitated from the engine oil when the amount is large, which blocks the filter and oil hole, making the engine difficult to lubricate and causing wear. In addition, the oxidation of engine oil at high temperature will produce paint film and carbon deposit, which will stick to the piston, increase fuel consumption, reduce engine power, and even make the piston ring jam and pull the cylinder seriously. Therefore, use BGl05 (efficient and quick cleaning agent for lubrication system) regularly to clean the crankcase and keep the engine clean.

5. Clean the fuel system regularly.

When the fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber through the fuel passage, it will inevitably form colloid and carbon deposit in the fuel passage, carburetor, fuel nozzle and combustion chamber, which will interfere with the fuel flow, destroy the normal air-fuel ratio, cause poor fuel atomization, and cause engine jitter, explosion vibration, unstable idle speed, poor acceleration and other performance problems. Using BG208 (a powerful and efficient fuel system cleaner) to clean the fuel system and using BG202 regularly to control the generation of carbon deposits can keep the engine in the best condition all the time.

6. Maintain the water tank regularly.

Rusting and scaling of engine water tank are the most common problems. Rust and scale will limit the flow of coolant in the cooling system, reduce heat dissipation, lead to overheating of the engine and even cause engine damage. Oxidation of cooling liquid will also form acidic substances, which will corrode the metal parts of the water tank, resulting in water tank damage and water leakage. Regular use of BG540 (powerful and efficient water tank cleaner) to clean the water tank and remove rust and scale in the water tank can not only ensure the normal operation of the engine, but also prolong the overall life of the water tank and the engine.

In order to prevent engine oil pollution

Engine oil plays a vital role in maintaining the engine. Although the engine is a closed system, it is actually difficult to prevent pollutants from mixing into it. Pollutants will invade through air filter, ventilation system or fuel system, and the polluted oil will deteriorate for a long time, which will affect its normal working efficiency. At this time, it is necessary to change the oil, which will be very troublesome. So what problems should be paid attention to in order to avoid oil pollution as much as possible? The answer is to develop good maintenance habits first:

1. When we check the oil quantity at ordinary times, the dipstick must not be polluted by dirt. After the work, the dipstick and the dipstick hole should be wiped clean, and then put back.

We must get into the habit of changing the air filter regularly to ensure that the introduced air is clean. If the air filter is not replaced in time, it may be penny wise and pound foolish.

3. Be sure to prevent cooling water from entering the cylinder, otherwise water will mix with engine oil to form deposits.

4. The oil cover should be kept clean at ordinary times.

5. When changing the oil, the funnel and other appliances must be clean, and the part where the oil filter contacts the engine must also be wiped clean.

Daily Maintenance of Automobile "Three Filters"

1. air filter. There is a lot of dust suspended in the air. The main component of these suspended particles is silicon dioxide (Sio2), which is harder than metal. Installing air filter can reduce the wear of cylinder, piston and piston ring. According to relevant data, if the car is not equipped with an air filter, the cylinder wear will increase by 7 times, the piston wear will increase by 3 times and the piston ring wear will increase by 8 times. Therefore, the automobile engine is equipped with an air filter at the front end of the carburetor (or the intake control device of the EFI engine).

At present, most automobile engines use dry air filters with paper filter elements, which have the advantages of light weight, low cost, convenient replacement and high filtration efficiency, and are generally cleaned every 5,000 kilometers. When cleaning, take out the filter element, pat the end face gently, and blow with compressed air from inside to outside to remove the dust on the filter element. Do not use gasoline or water for cleaning. The paper filter must be replaced every 25,000 kilometers.

2. Oil filter. During the use of internal combustion engine, mechanical impurities such as dust, metal chips and carbon scale will be continuously mixed into the engine oil. At the same time, the oxidation of engine oil by air and combustion exhaust gas will gradually produce colloid, and the mixture of mechanical impurities and colloid will also form sludge, which will not only accelerate the wear of moving parts, but also easily cause oil circuit blockage. In order to ensure the cleanliness of the oil, the engine is equipped with an oil filter in the lubrication system.

At present, most automobile engines use rotary oil filter, which is a disposable filter and cannot be disassembled and cleaned. When replacing lubricating oil, the oil filter must be replaced at the same time, otherwise the quality of lubricating oil will be affected.

3. Gasoline filter. During the storage, transportation and filling of gasoline, some mechanical impurities and moisture will inevitably be mixed. These impurities enter the fuel supply system and engine cylinder with the fuel belt, and the cylinder will accelerate wear. After the filter is blocked, the resistance of the oil supply pipeline will increase, and the carburetor will be short of oil supply, which will lead to the mixture being too thin and the engine power will be reduced. Therefore, gasoline must be filtered before entering the gasoline pump to ensure the normal work of the gasoline supply system.

At present, most engines are equipped with disposable paper filter, and the replacement cycle is generally 654.38+100,000 kilometers. The filter is marked with oil inlet and oil outlet arrows, so do not install it backwards when replacing it.

Braking method

First, the method of first urgency and then stability

In case of emergency, step on the first foot brake, then slowly fill the second foot, then slowly release the brake pedal according to the distance of the situation, change the appropriate gear according to the vehicle speed, keep up with the accelerator, and return to normal driving, that is, after the first foot brake, fill the second foot when the vehicle nods to make it unable to return quickly, and then slowly release the brake pedal to reduce the back and forth impact caused by the rapid change of vehicle speed, so that passengers feel stable.

Second, the continuous braking method

In case of emergency, put down the accelerator ahead of time to slow down, and continuously and slowly press the brake pedal. This kind of early deceleration braking reduces the harm caused by emergency braking, but novices should use this braking method with caution.

Three, dragonfly water braking method

This braking method is usually used on rainy days or muddy roads. It brakes bit by bit like a dragonfly. This braking method can reduce the direction out of control caused by wheel locking. Vehicles with ABS do not need to do this.

It is not a dream that the engine will not be overhauled for 500,000 kilometers (1/2)

For a certain brand of automobile, because the same spare parts are used, unified quality control standards are followed, and the assembly is carried out on the same production line according to strict technological process, the performance indexes of each engine are not much different. But in actual use, the service life of each engine is not the same. Some engines use 500,000 kilometers without major overhaul, and some are less than 654.38+10,000 kilometers, which leads to smoke and oil burning. Why are the products produced by the same production line so different?

The key lies in the correct use and maintenance of the car.

So what can be done to achieve correct operation and maintenance in daily car use?

1. Pay attention to the running-in period of the new car.

During the running-in period of a new car, the uneven parts on the surface of the parts that cooperate with each other in the engine will be worn off, and gradually a relatively smooth working surface will be formed, which improves the surface quality and matching accuracy of the parts under normal working load. Therefore, the working condition of the engine during the running-in period is directly related to its service life. Vehicles must pay attention during the running-in period.

(1) It is forbidden to drive at high speed. The driving speed of the car in each gear shall not exceed 70% of the maximum engine speed. It is not allowed to drive at high speed for a long time.

⑵ Overload operation is strictly prohibited, and overload is not allowed. Once the engine is not running smoothly, shift to low gear immediately.

(3) After the engine has just started, it is not allowed to slam on the accelerator, and then start it smoothly after the water temperature reaches the normal working humidity. You must use first gear to go straight.

(4) Don't drive on bad roads to reduce vibration and impact. Overload caused by sudden acceleration should be reduced during driving, such as emergency braking, long-term braking or engine braking. Try to choose a good road surface to drive at a constant speed, and the running-in effect is the best.

5] Pay attention to engine coolant temperature and lubricating oil level. , find the fault and eliminate it in time.

[6] After the running-in period, carry out a running-in maintenance for the car.

2. Insist on preheating the car before starting.

After starting the car, some drivers are often forced to step on the pedal several times to make the engine run quickly. As we all know, doing so will cause great damage to engine parts. Because when the engine is started (especially cold start), the working humidity of the engine is low, and the surface of internal parts is not fully lubricated. If the engine is working at high load at this time, the wear of internal parts will increase and the normal fit clearance will change.

A good driving habit should be to warm up the engine after starting and let the engine coolant reach the normal working temperature (at least above 50℃) in order to make progress.

Smooth start

The start needs a low gear, and the key to ensure a fast and stable start is whether the oil distribution is properly matched. When the clutch pedal is relaxed, there are several processes of "one quick, two stops, three slow and four loose", that is, the clutch pedal should be relaxed quickly at the initial stage; When the clutch is in the semi-clutch state, pause slightly and refuel properly at the same time; Then slowly release the clutch pedal until the clutch is fully engaged; After the vehicle starts smoothly, quickly release the free stroke of the clutch pedal. The above process should be completed quickly, which depends on more training at ordinary times. The clutch half-clutch time should not be too long to avoid excessive wear of the clutch friction plate. Of course, the above clutch operation is unnecessary for automatic cars.

4. Develop correct driving habits

Many people don't want to refuel while driving. On the one hand, urban roads are complex and changeable, and the speed can't be raised. On the other hand, it is mistakenly believed that the smaller the engine load is, the more fuel is saved, which makes the engine always run at idle speed and low load.

In fact, the lower the engine load, the higher the fuel consumption. At this time, the engine is not fully burned, which is easy to produce carbon deposit and the engine power is not fully utilized. With the development of engine technology, high-speed gasoline engines are widely used in automobiles. When the engine speed is 2500r/min, the torque, power and fuel consumption of the engine are in good condition, and the economy and power are good. Therefore, when driving, we should make full use of the best working state of the engine, pay attention to the tachometer, and control the engine speed by choosing the appropriate gear. Ensure that the engine speed is about 2500 rpm during normal driving and higher than 2500 rpm during upshifting. High-speed low-gear driving or low-speed high-gear driving is not allowed. Grasping the shift timing is an important index to measure the driver's driving level.

5. Regular maintenance

"Three-point repair, seven-point maintenance", no matter how advanced the car needs good maintenance, in order to play an excellent performance. Regular inspection and maintenance must be carried out in the special maintenance station designated by the automobile manufacturer in strict accordance with the prescribed mileage items, so as to eliminate all kinds of hidden dangers of the automobile in time and ensure the working state of the automobile. At the same time, high-quality fuel and lubricating oil specified by the original factory must be selected.

Quick skills of novice reversing.

Before reversing, first look at the situation behind the car, estimate the reversing route, determine whether the front of the car will encounter obstacles, try not to step on the accelerator when reversing, and control the speed not to be too fast.

Turn the steering wheel with your left hand according to the needs of the rear direction: if the rear needs to drive to the right, turn the steering wheel to the right; Otherwise, turn the steering wheel to the left. In fact, this is consistent with the steering movement when the car is driving forward. Remember this, and you won't go in the wrong direction and be in a hurry.

Don't keep looking at the rear of the car when reversing. On the premise of ensuring the safety behind the car, you need to observe the left and right rearview mirrors from time to time, pay attention to the distance between obstacles and the car body, and use the steering wheel to correct the car body position accordingly when reversing.

If you think that the front of the car may encounter obstacles when reversing, then you need to look at the front of the car at the right time. Especially when the steering wheel rotates in a large range, because the turning radius of the steering wheel is larger than that of the rear wheel, and the front of the car is also thrown outwards in the opposite direction, attention should be paid to avoid rubbing against the front of the car.

Don't get into the habit of hitting the steering wheel in situ, which is more likely to damage the vehicle and is also very troublesome to fight.

About hot cars

The main reason for the decline of automobile engine performance is wear, and the most serious engine wear is cold start, which is especially obvious in winter. "Warm-up" is the performance of many drivers' cars, but not all engines can warm up. The vehicle marked with cold start in the operating instructions should be started immediately after landing, so that all components can be heated up at the same time, but it should be remembered that direct high-speed driving is not allowed, and it is best to drive at a low speed of 1-2 km, and then slowly accelerate when the water temperature reaches the lowest line. Some vehicles indicate that they should be warmed up after starting, but be careful not to control the vehicle with foot refueling when warming up. You should use a manual shock absorber to keep the vehicle stable. Low water temperature is not good for the engine, while high temperature will dilute the lubricating oil, which will not form a good lubricating oil film and increase the wear of parts. It is best to use fuel with a higher fuel grade than that required by this vehicle as fuel and lubricating oil. Using low-grade fuel will knock the engine and strongly impact the cylinder wall and parts, thus accelerating the wear of parts. In addition, impurities in low-grade fuel will also destroy the lubricating film and accelerate the wear and scrape of parts. The choice of lubricating oil also depends on the requirements of the engine itself, but remember not to choose lubricating oil with too high or too low viscosity. The more lubricant you add, the better. Once the lubricating oil is filled too much and the oil level is too high, it will not only increase the motion resistance and reduce the power, but also make the lubricating oil run into the cylinder and burn, resulting in excessive carbon deposition. Lubricating oil should be filled according to the quantity marked on the dipstick. It is best not to drive on roads with bad road conditions. Some people think that low speed can protect the engine, but it is not. When the vehicle speed is low, the lubricating oil power is low, the oil film rigidity is small, and the lubrication condition is poor, which will increase the wear. In addition, at high speed, the average speed of the piston is larger. So the wear on the cylinder body is great. It is best to keep the economical speed when driving and control the speed through the transmission. Only in this way can the engine reach its best condition. Maintenance is also an important measure to prolong engine life. Cleaning the oil filter is very important. If the "three filters" fail, impurities will enter the engine, which will aggravate the wear. In a word, the correct driving method and reasonable maintenance are the key to prolong the engine life.