Yan 'an, located in the middle of the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi, is the holy land of China revolution. Yan 'an borders the Yellow River in the east and Shanxi and Gansu in the west.
Yan 'an is one of the birthplaces of the Chinese nation. More than 5,000 years ago, Emperor Xuanyuan of the Yellow Emperor established the first country with a * * * Lord in the history of the Chinese nation. In the Xia Dynasty, Yan 'an belonged to Shangzhou. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Yan 'an was successively owned by Jin, Wei and Qin, and Qin and Han Dynasties were under the jurisdiction of Shang Jun. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Yan 'an was successively incorporated into the territory of pre-Qin, post-Qin and Daxia. Yan 'an County was set up in the army of Sui Dynasty, Yanzhou in Tang and Song Dynasties, Yan 'an House in Ming and Qing Dynasties and Yulin Road in the Republic of China. Before the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Yan 'an was the capital of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. From 1935 to 1948, Yan 'an was once the seat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the general rear of the people's liberation struggle in China. Yan 'an area was established after the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC). Yan 'an was named as a famous historical and cultural city by the State Council in 1982. 1996165438+10, the State Council approved the revocation of Yan' an area and the establishment of prefecture-level Yan' an city.
Yan 'an is rich in tourism resources, including Xuanyuan Huangdi Mausoleum, a national key protection unit announced by the State Council, and Zichang Zhongshan Grottoes, a national key cultural relics protection unit. In terms of natural landscape, there are the largest wild peony group in China, Hukou Waterfall of Yan 'an Yellow River and Wanhua, the hometown of Mulan.
Yan 'an is a world-famous revolutionary holy land in China, which occupies an extremely important and special position in the modern history of China. There are 140 revolutionary former residences, such as Wang Jiaping, where the Central Military Commission and the Eighth Route Army headquarters are located. Phoenix Mountain, the former site of the Central Committee; There are also Baota shan, Zaoyuan, Yang Jialing and other places.
Yan 'an's folk songs and dances are rich and colorful, including the famous northern Shaanxi folk songs, Ansai waist drum, Shangyuan Zhuan Jiuqu and so on, which are deeply loved by farmers in northern Shaanxi.
Yan' an belongs to the warm temperate zone, with an average annual temperature of 9.3oC. Yan' an is a good place for summer, and the temperature difference between morning and evening and noon is large. You might as well prepare some thicker clothes. July, August and September are the best months for traveling.
Mao Zedong's Reading Life in Yan 'an
In the process of compiling China People's Liberation Army Historical Series and Biography of Senior Military Generals, we visited some revolutionary memorial sites to collect historical materials and interviewed some revolutionary old people and experts and scholars, which benefited a lot. I deeply feel that the process of compiling history books and biographies is a process of continuous learning. In particular, some anecdotes about Mao Zedong's study and life in Yan 'an, the revolutionary holy land, are particularly admirable and exciting. From Phoenix Mountain to Yang Jialing, from Zaoyuan to Wang Jiaping, Mao Zedong's used desks, bookshelves, book boxes and other items are all in his former residence. Immersed in the scene, everywhere Mao Zedong lived, we seemed to see him reading widely and writing diligently.
1937 1 After Mao Zedong arrived in Yan 'an, he bought various books and newspapers from Kuomintang-controlled areas through various channels. Later, his books gradually increased until the shelves and beds could not be put down, so he had to put some books in a bungalow not far from his residence and be managed by a special person. Later, because Japanese planes bombed Yan 'an, he moved the books stored in the bungalow to a deeper cave for protection. Mao Zedong is very absorbed in reading, studying and writing. At that time, the conditions in Yan 'an were very difficult, and it was very cold in winter. Sometimes my hands and feet are numb with cold, so I put a pot of charcoal fire under the table and often burn my cotton shoes. After he put out the fire on his cotton shoes, he went on reading and writing.
On the desk of Mao Zedong's former residence in Zaoyuan, Yan 'an, there is still an iron bar, which is the sample of the first furnace of iron made in Yan 'an during the great production movement. At that time, Yan 'an people happily presented this hard-won iron bar sample to Mao Zedong to give him good news. Mao Zedong cherished this iron bar and put it on the desk. It can be used not only as a weighbridge, but also for fitness. Sometimes Mao Zedong writes for a long time. When his fingers are sore, he will pick up this iron bar and shake it to relax his fingers, and then continue to write.
In the cave dwelling in Mao Zedong, Yang Jialing, Yan 'an, there is a wooden bed, a table, a bookshelf, a wooden box and some Xiao Mu stools. Mao Zedong is used to studying and working all night. There was no electricity supply in Yan 'an at that time. When Mao Zedong writes articles and examines documents in the evening, he lights candles. The dim and unsteady candlelight tired his eyes. Feeling tired, he wiped his face with his hands several times, rubbed his eyes, moved his waist and legs outside the cave, took a walk, and went back to the cave to continue writing. He didn't go to bed until the early morning of the next day, and got up in the morning 10 to continue his study and work.
According to the memories of several revolutionary old people, every Wednesday night, about 10 people in Mao Zedong held a philosophical forum in their caves. At that time, He Sijing, Ai Siqi, Ren, Xu Guangda, Xiao, Chen Bojun and Guo Huaruo were present. They talked about Marxism–Leninism's philosophy around candles. Every time, Mao Zedong personally presided over the meeting, and appointed a spokesman in advance, prepared a speech outline, made a central speech, and then let everyone express their opinions. Mao Zedong listened carefully to everyone's speeches and took notes. Mao Zedong's enthusiasm for studying Marxist-Leninist philosophy has aroused many middle and senior cadres' interest in studying Marxist philosophy, and initially formed a craze for party, government and army cadres to study philosophy.
Mao Zedong also often went to the Red Army University (later changed to the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University) to give lectures. He makes philosophy simple, vivid and interesting. He has always unified the two idioms of "never tire of learning" and "never tire of teaching", and thinks that teaching should learn from each other's strong points. On the basis of hard study and careful study, Mao Zedong also liberated philosophy from philosophers' books and lecture halls. He tried to spread materialist dialectics in easy-to-understand and easy-to-remember language, and creatively developed many aspects of dialectics, such as "particularity of contradiction", "seeking truth from facts", "proceeding from reality", "investigation and study", "splitting into two" and "grasping the main contradiction". Mao Zedong assiduously studied Marxist philosophy, always based on the combination with China's revolutionary struggle practice, and made contributions to Marxism–Leninism Theory.
From1June 1937 to1March 1947, Mao Zedong lived in Yan 'an for 10 years. He read and studied Marxist philosophy extensively and systematically. At that time, there were works of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin on his bookshelf, and there were many history books of China lined up. During this period, he wrote more than 100 articles in combination with the reality of China revolution, 92 of which were later included in Selected Works of Mao Zedong. Many important works, such as Theory of Practice, Theory of Contradiction, Protracted War, Theory of Coalition Government, Situation after War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's Victory and Our Policy, were written under quite difficult conditions during the Yan 'an period.
1947 In March, Chiang Kai-shek mobilized 230,000 Kuomintang troops to attack Yan 'an. When the Central Committee, the Central Military Commission and its headquarters were evacuated from Yan 'an, many other things were lost, but most of Mao Zedong's books were taken away, especially those he annotated. He has been fighting with him in northern Shaanxi, and has traveled thousands of miles through hardships. Later, he took them to Xibaipo, and later he fought in it. When leaving Yan 'an, Mao Zedong said: "It is right to fight for every inch of land, but it depends on how to fight." . If we give up Yan 'an today, it means that we will liberate Xi, Nanking and all China in the future. Tell you, at least one year, at most two years, we will go back to Yan 'an. Where shall we meet next time? Maybe not in Yan 'an, maybe in Nanjing, Shanghai and Peiping? "History has confirmed Mao Zedong's wise vision. This is inseparable from his extensive reading, diligent study and courage to practice.
Mao Zedong is not only a great proletarian revolutionary, strategist and politician, but also a knowledgeable scholar. His tireless study life is closely linked with his revolutionary career.