This poem belongs to Tao Yuanming.

The fifth of twenty poems, Drinking. The imagery of poetry constitutes the middle scene and understanding, which are accidental and unintentional. The phrase "picking chrysanthemums" expresses accidental interest, and there are chrysanthemums in Dongli, which are picked by accident; And the scenery of Nanshan is also.

Play occasionally; Is it intentional and chrysanthemum-picking to see mountains and accidentally? Birds in the mountains come back at night; But it is just right for me to see Nanshan, and it is also an occasional interest. One of the "true meaning" is the secret that Qian Qian's ten thousand saints don't preach, even if the Tao

There are thousands of volumes and pages of Buddhist scriptures, but they can't explain the mystery, so we have to forget what we want to say. This accidental interest, accidental and unintentional feelings and scenes are the essence of life when the poet realizes himself.

The unconscious projection of the real world. True peace of mind is not created by nature, but the externalization of your own state of mind.

The famous sentence of the ages: "Under the hedge of picking chrysanthemums, I can see Nanshan leisurely" expresses the poet's carefree feelings.

Analysis of Cultural Implication of Drinking by Tao Yuanming (5)

Abstract: Tao Yuanming is a first-rate figure in the history of China literature, and many of his famous poems are admired by people. The fifth poem "Drinking" is an expression of his pursuit of truth, goodness and beauty, which contains multi-layered cultural implications. This paper attempts to reveal the philosophical implication in the poem from four aspects, so as to truly understand Tao Yuanming's personality charm.

Tao Yuanming's drinking poems are the true meaning of staying in Nanshan.

Building a house is in human territory, and there are no horses and chariots. What can you do? My heart is far from me. I can see Nanshan leisurely under the east fence. The mountains are getting better every day, and the birds are back. That makes sense, but I have forgotten what I want to demonstrate.

Drinking is Tao Yuanming's most representative group of poems, with 20 poems, but it was not written in a short time. The fifth poem is the most striking masterpiece and has become a masterpiece through the ages. It has established a high reputation for us.

Wonderful artistic conception: writing landscapes is in people's eyes and ears; Love is refreshing; Reasoning with things is simple and implicit, which makes people appreciate the artistic beauty and philosophical enlightenment. This poem is rich and profound.

The cultural implication of this poem makes it more intriguing and full of flavor. As the saying goes, "Words are inexhaustible" ①, and poetry "Beauty is beyond salty and sour" ②.

First, the beauty of natural pastoral scenery.

This song "Drinking" is not only an excuse for drunkenness, but also shows a distant and beautiful pastoral scenery: in the twilight, the sunset melts the golden sky, and the birds return home, picking chrysanthemums under the hedge, returning to their original heart and being careless.

While "seeing" the leisurely Nanshan, Tao Yuanming was deeply intoxicated by the magnificent scenery of nature, and he forgot himself about me. Everything he saw was full of his noble feelings. In the late autumn evening in the south of the Yangtze River, the sky is crisp and natural.

Unpredictable, all this seems simple, but full of vitality and infinite charm. In the aesthetic photos of picking chrysanthemums in Dongli, the poet "pays attention to the past and his heart is breathing" (Wen Xin Diao Long Seeking) ③ shows his concern for life and social life.

With great enthusiasm, concern and persistence in life, he confessed his quiet and pure state of mind.

If there are chrysanthemums in the fence, I will pick them. If I pick it, there will be no chrysanthemums in my heart. If I am a fool, I will see Nanshan, and I will see the beauty of the mountain every day. I will repay them with happiness and sex. Flower and bird doll. Yes, I'm naive.

The beauty of mountains and countryside is completely reflected in the disappearance of man and nature. Between the lines of poetry, we can taste the quiet and leisurely taste of rural life, and the joy and satisfaction of the poet settling down and returning to nature.

In the natural, diluted and peaceful artistic atmosphere, there is a tacit relationship between the inner world and the external pastoral environment, which embodies Tao Yuanming's pro-nature and anti-cognitive attitude and philosophy. Tao Yuanming absorbed the simplicity of Taoism.

The elements of vegetarianism treat nature with an aesthetic attitude, learn from Zhuangzi, inspire people to discover and appreciate the beauty of nature, regard mountains and rivers as the embodiment of "Tao", and at the same time acquire the religion contained in natural pastoral with Buddhist ideas.

Teaching fun. The natural views of Taoism and Buddhism are perfectly unified in Tao Yuanming's quiet pastoral scenery, which has a leisurely and concise charm.

The beauty of the "Nanshan" land was shown as early as the pre-Qin period, but the beautiful scenery is well known. The Book of Songs Cao Feng Hou Renyou Hui Xi Wei Xi Nan Shan Banknotes. The Book of Songs Xiao Ya Street Nanshan has more descriptions about this.

Beauty of Nanshan: "It is a good place for hermits to live in seclusion. No wonder the poet said, "Although the place is different, it is a good place for hermits to live in seclusion.

The name is old, and it is no longer a lament. "("Introduction to the Mystery "). From this point of view, "building a house in a humanistic environment" is indeed an ideal place for cultivated hermit poets.

Second, the desire for fitness and longevity.

Tao's poems, especially drinking poems, have the artistic styles of "similarity to reality" (comment on poems) and "similarity to light and beauty" (comment on poems). This is not only because his poems have quiet natural scenery, but also because the natural images in his poems contain deeper cultural images and profound connotations.

1. Chrysanthemum is used for health care and medicine.

In Tao Yuanming's poems, chrysanthemum and wine are often referred to as the same category. Fan Chengda said: "People in places of interest don't like chrysanthemums, but love Yuanming." ⑦ (Preface to Fancun Chrysanthemum) Tao Aiju makes "autumn chrysanthemums full of gardens" ("Nine Days off")

The reason for saying this is that "autumn chrysanthemum is lewd" (the seventh part of the preface to drinking twenty songs), but there are also health considerations. Since ancient times, celebrities often eat chrysanthemums, drink chrysanthemum tea and drink chrysanthemum wine in order to keep fit.

According to Yanshou Lu, Qu Yuan mentioned chrysanthemums in Li Sao: "Drink magnolia in the morning and chrysanthemum at dusk." In the Western Jin Dynasty, the ideas of Huang Lao and Metaphysics prevailed, so it became fashionable to take chrysanthemum to keep fit and prolong life.

For example, A Jin Dynasty Fu Xuan wrote "Chrysanthemum Fu", saying that "those who serve will live forever, and those who eat will understand the spirit." The Chrysanthemum Fu written by Penny, a famous scholar in the Western Jin Dynasty, even said that the Queen Mother, the God who gave life, also "received her flowers" in order to "prolong her life". .

Tao Yuanming also clearly pointed out in his poem: "wine can cure all diseases, and chrysanthemum can cure a hundred years old." ("Nine Days of Leisure") From the perspective of Chinese medicine, chrysanthemum is sweet and bitter, slightly cold, and has the functions of cooling wind, calming the liver and improving eyesight.

Can be used for treating wind-heat common cold, headache, dizziness, conjunctival congestion, hypertension and other diseases. Li Shizhen, a physician in the Ming Dynasty, said that chrysanthemum wine has the curative effect of "treating head wind, clearing eyes and ears, eliminating flaccidity and arthralgia, and eliminating all diseases".

Reporter: When the chrysanthemums are comfortable, they are picked from the stems and leaves, mixed with glutinous rice and brewed. You will be drunk when you are ripe on September 9 next year. So it is called chrysanthemum wine.

In this way, Tao Yuanming, a heavy drinker, must be very familiar with the brewing method of chrysanthemum wine. Otherwise, there will be no such poem as "Autumn chrysanthemum is lewd and shows its beauty". I forget my worries, and I will die (the seventh order of Twenty Drinking Poems).

2. The cultural implication of Nanshan.

Nanshan has a rich cultural meaning since ancient times: "Longevity is better than Nanshan", which symbolizes prosperity and longevity. As early as the pre-Qin "Book of Songs", it was recorded that:

Such as the constancy of the moon, the rising of the sun, the longevity of Nanshan and the prosperity of pines and cypresses.

Rank rank, dry, faint Nanshan. Like bamboo shoots, like pine trees. Brotherhood, the type is good, but there is no phase. Sigan ")

Nanshan has a platform, and Beishan has delicious food. A gentleman is the foundation of a country. Only a gentleman can enjoy a long life! There are mulberry trees in Nanshan and poplar trees in Beishan. A talented gentleman is the light of the nation. A talented gentleman is endless! ..... there are Li Guo in Nanshan and Li Guo in Beishan.

Music is only for gentlemen, not for long? Music is only for gentlemen, and morality is only for hair. There are gourds in Nanshan and gourds in Beishan. Music is only a gentleman, is it not yellow? Only a gentleman can be happy and protect Queen Al. ("Xiao Ya Nan Shan has a platform")

These poems have become the source of the symbolic meaning of Nanshan, which, like chrysanthemums, represents the poet's quiet and carefree interests. In addition, Tao Yuanming also has the complex of "Four Gentlemen of Nanshan" and "Nine": "Foolish in vulgarity, you should learn from Huang Qi" (the sixth of Twenty Drinking Poems), "Four Gentlemen of Nanshan" and "All of them have 80 years left and a white beard."

Third, inspirational chastity ethics.

Tao Yuanming likes chrysanthemums and Nanshan so much. In addition to the above superficial meanings, these two natural objects have deeper connotations. From another perspective, they also have profound meanings.

1. Symbolic characteristics of chrysanthemum.

Tao Aiju, not only because of its fitness value, but also because of its own cultural implication: not competing with flowers for profit, willing to be lonely and open-minded; Opening in late autumn is the time when the cold is coming.

At that time, the wind was facing Ao Shuang, full of "uprightness"; Pure Huang Zhi color, spotless, symbolizes cleanliness and does not go with the flow; Flowers die with fragrance, but branches do not wither. Chrysanthemum has become a symbol of Tao Yuanming's noble character, just as

The poet praised in "Two Buddhist Poems": "The fragrant chrysanthemum blooms and the pine and cypress stand upright on the top of the rock. With this beauty, it stands out in the frost. " Qu Yuan said in Li Sao: "Chunlan blooms autumn chrysanthemums and is immortal."

Helan is also called Helan, which shows its position in Qu Yuan's mind. Chrysanthemum is to Yu Garden what orchids are to Qu Zi, and both have special opportunities.

It is the naturalness of chrysanthemum that makes "picking chrysanthemums under the hedge" have profound significance: the poet wants to use chrysanthemum as a metaphor, hoping that "I will be blessed by the Millennium" (with Guo's two master books) and "I will be left behind" (the seventh of the twenty wine songs).

2. The personality symbol of Nanshan.

Nanshan, as the hiding place of poets, has its own symbolic significance. As mentioned above, Tao Yuanming does have the intention to follow the example of "Nanshan and Four Expensive". We can find a clear record from his poems:

If the road is shangshan, don't hesitate for me. Thank you for your charm and horn. What's the coolness today? (The Long History of Giving Sheep)

Stupidity in vulgarity, and you should follow Huang Qi. (The Sixth of Twenty Drinking Songs)

The Yuan family was in chaos, and the sages avoided it. Huang Qi Shangshan, Iraqis also died. ("Peach Blossom Garden Poetry")

It can be seen that Tao Yuanming has become the inheritor of the "Four Nobles" spirit. He not only inherited the image of "Nanshan" in the pre-Qin period, but also added the pastoral flavor of "Nanmu" to it:

Open up wasteland in the south and return to the garden.

At the foot of Nanshan, beans are planted, and the grass is full of beans.

I've heard of Nanmu before, but I didn't practice it that year. ("Two Poems of Tian She in the Early Spring of Guimao", the first part)

This Nanshan mountain, which contains "true meaning", has always been Tao Yuanming's spiritual home and a wonderful place he yearns for. It is hidden in the opposition to the world network, which solves the noise of the world and the "great fallacy" of officialdom (preface to The Scholars).

As a result, he became a poet who abandoned the vulgarity of the market. Therefore, after the poet died, he had the spiritual sustenance of dedicating himself to "Nanshan": "Go where you want to go, Nanshan has an old house." (Twelve Miscellaneous Poems)

The beauty of harmony between man and nature.

Wang Guowei once said: "Under the hedge of picking chrysanthemums, you can see Nanshan leisurely." ..... Without me, you can't see things, so you don't know what is right for me and what is right for things. "⑿

Although this is the artistic aesthetic feature of this poem, it also illustrates the perfect harmony between man and nature from another angle. The poet calls himself a "tired bird" and is completely integrated into the embrace of nature. Subjectivity and objectivity are harmonious.

And "Seeing" vividly shows the resonance between the two, and the artistic conception is exhausted. "Then this article is boring" [13]. The poet broke away from the secular spiritual shackles and gained the freedom of the soul; Purified to be as pure as nature, and

Harmony and simplicity have reached the ideal spiritual realm of "harmony between man and nature" and are the extreme of "telepathy". The four poems of "Picking Chrysanthemums" are an artistic realm of "far-reaching ambition", which shows readers that man is the master.

The state of mind is truly integrated with the objective environment of nature, and the human spirit is completely freed from the fatigue of the world. The poet's figure certainly belongs to the real world, but his mood is "leisurely".

From the poet's subjective point of view, it is an understanding of the principle of life in the universe and an interest in nature. From the natural environment around Lushan Mountain in the evening, everything is obvious.

Harmony, simplicity and vitality are the true colors of nature. The poet's carefree feelings and the natural weather in front of him conform to the way of nature, so the subject and object blend together wonderfully. The real meaning of this is in the poet's view.

In the past, you could only understand your own meaning, but it was difficult to express it in words, so you forgot what you said when you wanted to argue. The debate between words and meanings is a basic theory in the study of metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties. The so-called "get carried away" means that words and images are tools or hands to obtain meaning.

Paragraph, "meaning" can not be separated from "words" and "images"; However, "words" and "images" are only phenomena, and "meaning" is the essence of things. Therefore, to truly understand the true meaning of "meaning" without being entangled in "words" and "images", we must

You should forget the words and forget the images. In this poem, the poet understands the meaning from the specific words and images shown in Picking Chrysanthemums, which is a "true" word. He believes that "meaning" has been obtained, and other arguments are redundant.

Yes Otherwise, as "Zhuangzi's Theory of Everything" said: "The debater has not seen it." 14.

The more arguments there are, the more meaning will be drowned out by words and images. "Zhuangzi Fisherman's Chapter" said: "The philosophers do things in the world; Therefore, truth is influenced by nature, which is not easy. Therefore, the sage's method of heaven is precious and true, and he is not limited to this.

Vulgar. ⒂ The interest in poetry lies in the word "truth", which leaves readers with endless meanings for appreciation. This is probably what Wang Guowei said "the implication is the implication".

Su Shi said: "Seeing the mountains because of picking chrysanthemums and seeing the scenery because of picking chrysanthemums is the most beautiful in this sentence ... The ancients have profound meaning." ⒄

The poet's yearning for simple rural life and fragrant earthy flavor makes this poem not only have simple and natural artistic beauty, but also contain profound philosophical implications. It is the poet's persistent love for life.

Ordinary natural scenery and the result of life have also created this excellent work, and its significance will never be solved by future generations.