Magnetization is the process of making an object without magnetism acquire magnetism. Not all objects will be magnetized, for example, magnets cannot attract copper, aluminum, glass and so on. , indicating that these objects cannot be magnetized. Everything that can be magnetized is made up of magnetic molecules. Before being magnetized, these magnetic molecules are arranged in disorder, and the magnetic effects cancel each other out, so they are not magnetic to the outside world. When subjected to the magnetic force of an external magnetic field, they will be arranged neatly. Although the magnetic interaction between the magnetic molecules in the middle is cancelled, the two ends show strong magnetic interaction, and the so-called magnetic pole with the strongest magnetism appears. However, if it is beaten or baked after magnetization, it will be disordered again and the magnetism will disappear. For example, when the temperature in the rice cooker reaches about 103℃, the magnetism of magnetic steel disappears automatically.
We can do a simple experiment. Find an iron nail 3 ~ 4 inches (1 inch ≈3.33 cm) long, put it on the fire and burn it red, then cover it in the sand and slowly cool it. This is called annealing. When the nail is cold, put it next to the pin. It has no magnetic force on the pin. Then, you hold the nail in your left hand, one end is aimed at the north, the other end is aimed at the south, and your right hand picks up the block of wood and knocks 7 ~ 8 times on the nail head. If you put the nail in the nail box again, it will suck some nails away. This shows that as long as you knock a few times, the nail will be magnetized into a magnet, although its magnetic force is not great. If you put it in the east-west direction and knock it a few times, its magnetism will disappear again. It turns out that before the nail was magnetized, many small magnets inside were chaotic, and the magnetic forces canceled each other, so there was no magnetic force. When you knock the nail in the north-south direction, the small magnets inside will vibrate. Under the action of geomagnetism, they will be arranged regularly and the nail will be magnetic. When you put the nail in the east-west direction and knock it again, the small magnet inside the nail will become messy again, so the nail has no magnetism.
In ancient China, the phenomenon of magnetization was studied and utilized to some extent. As mentioned earlier, as early as 1 1 century, Ceng Gongliang had an artificial magnetization method for guide fish in his book General Theory of Martial Arts, which was the earliest practice of artificial magnetization method in the world.
This artificial magnetization method magnetizes the iron sheet by using the earth's magnetic field, that is, the red-hot iron sheet is placed in the meridian direction, and the molecules inside the red-hot iron sheet are in a relatively active state, so that the iron molecules are arranged along the direction of the earth's magnetic field to achieve the purpose of magnetization. This arrangement can be quickly fixed by immersing it in water, and the degree of magnetization can be increased by tilting the fish tail slightly downward.
Shen Kuo mentioned another method of artificial magnetization in Meng Qian Bi Tan: "Fang Jia can rub his head with a magnet to guide you." According to Shen Kuo, technicians at that time rubbed sewing needles with magnets to make them magnetic. From now on, this is a method to make the arrangement of magnetic domains in the steel needle tend to a certain direction by using the magnetic field of natural magnets, thus making the steel needle appear magnetic. This method is simpler than geomagnetic method, and the magnetization effect is better than geomagnetic method. The invention of friction method is not only the earliest in the world, but also creates conditions for the emergence of practical magnetic conductivity instruments.
Magnetization technology is widely used in modern life, especially magnetized water technology has attracted more and more attention.
Magnetized water is water magnetized by magnetic field. Let ordinary water pass through a magnetic field with a certain intensity at a certain speed parallel to the magnetic field lines, and ordinary water will become magnetized water. Magnetized water has various magical effects and is widely used in industry, agriculture and medicine.
In industry, people initially only treated a small amount of boiler water with magnetic field to reduce scale. At present, magnetized water has been widely used in the cooling system of various high-temperature furnaces, which plays an important role in improving cooling efficiency and prolonging furnace life. Many chemical plants use magnetized water to accelerate chemical reaction and increase output. The strength of concrete is greatly improved by mixing concrete with magnetized water in construction industry. Textile mills desizing with magnetized water and printing and dyeing mills using magnetized water to match colors have achieved good economic benefits.
In agriculture, seeds are soaked in magnetized water to raise seedlings. The seeds germinate quickly and the germination rate is high. The seedlings have advantages in plant height, stem diameter and root length. Irrigation with magnetized water can loosen soil, accelerate the decomposition of organic fertilizer and stimulate crop growth. Through practice, it was found that soybean, corn, radish, cucumber and other vegetables increased by 10% ~ 45%, and rice, wheat and rape increased by 1 1% ~ 18%. In addition, some livestock farms feed poultry and livestock with magnetized water, which can reduce livestock diseases and gain weight quickly.
In medicine, magnetized water can not only kill many kinds of bacteria and viruses, but also treat many diseases. For example, magnetized water is effective in treating various lithiasis (gallstones, bladder stones, kidney calculi, etc.). ), stomach trouble, hypertension, diabetes, cold. For people who are not sick, drinking magnetized water often can also play a role in disease prevention and fitness.
In daily life, washing clothes with magnetized washing powder solution can make clothes cleaner. Interestingly, it is also satisfactory to use magnetized water instead of washing powder.