From a mechanical point of view, it is the expansion and contraction of human muscles that enable athletes to gain speed and kinetic energy, mainly the soleus muscle on the calf, but this is only an internal cause. What makes people get acceleration is the friction between the sole of the foot and the ground, but this kind of friction can't be attacked, that is to say, this kind of force can't make athletes get kinetic energy, because there is no displacement in theory, but in fact, due to various reasons, the sole of the foot and the ground have relative displacement, but this relative displacement is opposite to the friction, which is called negative work in mechanics. This will affect the speed of athletes, and wearing spikes will prevent or eliminate relative displacement, so that all the work done by athletes' muscle expansion can be used to gain speed.

Simply put, it is to prevent slippery. Theoretically, friction cannot be increased.