abstract
Internal structure of muscle
Interpretation of TCM
muscular training
How to quickly develop sexy abdominal muscles
[Edit this paragraph] Overview
Every muscle is an organ.
Muscle: muscle
Muscle is mainly composed of muscle tissue.
Muscle cells are slender and fibrous, so muscle cells are usually called muscle fibers.
Head muscles can be divided into facial muscles (expression muscles) and masticatory muscles. Trunk muscles can be divided into dorsal muscle, pectoral muscle, abdominal muscle and diaphragm. Lower limb muscles are divided into hip muscles, thigh muscles, calf muscles and foot muscles according to their positions, all of which are stronger than upper limb muscles, and are related to supporting weight, keeping upright and walking.
Neck | Shoulder | Arm | Forearm | Shoulder | Hand
The human body has more than 600 muscles.
[Edit this paragraph] Internal structure of muscle
If we are small enough to enter the human body at will, then when we come to the muscle group, we will find that the muscles are bound by muscle fibers like steel cables. These cables are combined into thicker and longer cable groups, and when the muscles exert force, they contract one by one like springs. In the thickest cable, there are muscle fibers, nerves, blood vessels and connective tissue. Each muscle fiber consists of smaller myofibrils. Each myofibril is interwoven with two kinds of filamentous proteins (myosin and actin). This is the most basic unit of muscle. Hercules' huge muscles are made up of these two unimaginable protein. The combination of the two can make earth-shattering actions. It is with these muscles that people have changed the face of the earth bit by bit.
With the increase of age, the elastic fibers of striated muscle, which control bone activity, will gradually be replaced by connective tissue. Although the connective tissue is strong, it is not elastic, so the muscles become weak and cannot contract strongly. Therefore, in old age, muscle strength declines and the reaction is slow. When people get old, the strength of muscles will also age.
[Edit this paragraph] Interpretation of TCM
Muscle: name of anatomical structure. Refers to the body muscle tissue and subcutaneous fat tissue. The division of whole body movement. Spleen governs muscles, and the nutrition of muscles comes from the transportation and transformation of spleen in Shui Gu. Therefore, the fullness of muscles is closely related to the rise and fall of temper. Su Wenping's theory of meteorology: "Dirty is really in the spleen, and the spleen hides the qi of tendons." Su Wen Wei Lun: "Spleen governs the body."
[Edit this paragraph] Muscle training
The muscle under the skin is a magical engine. It allows us to walk, jump and even climb steep rocks. The cooperation of 600 muscles in the human body helps you spend every day.
Hard rock cliffs in northern new york, with cliffs above and hard rock piles below. Mike and Julie are rock climbing instructors. They will challenge a rock mountain 100 meters high. When they climb, the first thing to pay attention to is to concentrate on ensuring safety, which requires close coordination between the brain and muscles.
Muscles help us fight gravity. Muscle fibers control every movement, from blinking to smiling. Thousands of tiny fibers are assembled into muscle bundles, thus forming a complete muscle system. Take rock climbers as an example. Every step of climbing requires the elastic expansion and contraction of muscles. Muscles can only be pulled, not pushed, and most of them belong to skeletal muscles. They are connected by tendons and bones, and the closely combined tendon fibers have the function of rubber bands.
Muscles can affect the eyes, so that we can see things clearly, blink and blink; The muscles of the hands and fingertips enable us to hold very small objects. Take rock climbers as an example, they need to hold something to fix themselves, and continuous muscle contraction can keep them climbing.
We can decide when and how to affect skeletal muscle, but we can't always detect this change. Sometimes you may adjust your posture slightly to keep your balance, but you may not even notice this change yourself. This dynamic balance has been happening. But there are also some muscles that we can't control at will-the digestive system. There are a lot of involuntary muscles there. There are three kinds of involuntary muscles in our stomachs that crush food. There are two kinds in the small intestine, which are responsible for squeezing food like snakes, and then stretching and pushing forward. Involuntary muscles also help our hearts keep beating. The heart muscle only does one thing in our life: transport blood.
Through a certain period of exercise, muscles can become developed. But big muscles must be good? The answer is no, capillaries are responsible for transporting red blood cells through muscles. When muscles contract violently, capillaries are squeezed, muscles begin to lack oxygen, and wastes begin to accumulate. However, under great pressure, muscles can't react quickly and fatigue keeps coming.
Take rock climbing for example. A muscular and strong male climber may think it is good to keep climbing, so he will climb quickly. But the muscles in his forearm will soon be deprived of oxygen, forcing him to give up. Facing some physical challenges, women have an advantage over men. Rock climbing is more about the ratio of a person's strength to his weight. Small muscles are more beneficial, just bear the load yourself. Women with smaller muscles exert less force and squeeze the capillaries lightly, so their muscles have stronger endurance.
Chest muscle training
(The original text has a picture: see the link to resources)
▼ bench press
Starting posture
Sit on the bench and put the barbell above the nipple.
Action process
Lift the barbell vertically until your arms are completely straight and your chest muscles are completely contracted. Hold for one second and slowly fall.
Breathing method
Inhale when lifting, and exhale when falling.
Pay attention to key points
Be careful not to use excessive resistance. Use less force at first, and then gradually increase it to avoid neck sprain. Don't let your neck turn.
▼ Upward sloping horizontal lifting
Starting posture
Lie on the bench with your head up 30-45 degrees, and put the barbell on your chest with your hands.
Action process
Lift the barbell vertically until the arms are completely straight, rest for one second, and slowly fall back to the original position.
Breathing method
Inhale when lifting, and exhale when standing still. Inhale when descending slowly, and exhale when descending to the original position.
▼ Tilt down.
Starting posture
Lie on the bench with your head down and put the barbell on your chest with your hands.
Action process
Lift the barbell vertically until the arms are completely straight, rest for one second, and slowly fall back to the original position.
Breathing method
Inhale when lifting, and exhale when standing still. Inhale when descending slowly, and exhale when descending to the original position.
▼ A bird lying on its back
This action directly exercises the chest muscles, and you can lie on your back, recline on your back or recline on your back.
Starting posture
Lie on your back on the bench, fists facing each other, holding dumbbells; Arms straight up and perpendicular to the ground, feet flat on the ground.
Action process
Put your hands down to your sides and bend your elbows slightly until you can't lower them any further. Hold still for one second, let the pectoralis major fully stretch, and then turn your arms up from both sides to the starting position.
Breathing method
Inhale when your arms are apart and exhale when you return.
Pay attention to key points
Don't hold your hand tightly. When you spread your arms apart, you should tighten your back muscles. Ideas focus on the contraction and extension of pectoralis major.
▼ Horizontal straight arm pull-ups
Starting posture of human muscle distribution map
On the bench lying on your back, two hands hold dumbbells or barbells, and the arms are straight and parallel to the ground. Put your feet flat on the ground or bench.
Action process
Keep your arms flat, pull the dumbbell or barbell up and back, and lower it as low as possible. Hold still for a second and let the pectoralis major stretch as much as possible. Then, contract the pectoralis major muscle and pull the arm up and forward until it drops to the starting position on the leg side.
Breathing method
Inhale when pulling up and backward, and exhale when pulling up and forward.
Pay attention to key points
When pulling backward, let both arms extend completely backward, and when pulling forward, let both arms extend completely forward. This action can also be done by holding dumbbells with both hands, because the distance between the hands is narrow and the weight is concentrated in the center of the bar, which plays a great role in developing the edge of pectoralis major muscle near the midline of the human body.
Abdominal muscle training
The abdomen is in the center of the body, which is particularly obvious. From the point of view of human bodybuilding, a truly bodybuilding abdomen should consist of a slender and powerful waist and abdominal muscles with obvious lines. Therefore, please don't neglect abdominal bodybuilding.
First, lateral bending exercises
Stand straight. Separate your legs, raise your arms horizontally, bend your upper body forward, extend your left hand to your right foot, raise your right arm naturally, don't bend your legs and arms, inhale, and then exhale. Repeat in the opposite direction, 8 times in a row.
Second, leg flexion exercise
Keep your arms flat on the ground in supine position, lift your knees at the same time after your legs are straightened, inhale to make your thighs close to your abdomen, then exhale and slowly recover. Repeat 8 times.
Third, lift your legs and abdomen.
Mainly to exercise the lower abdominal muscles. Lie flat on your upper body, straighten your legs as high as possible, and then slowly put them down. After this action, bend your knees and continue to do the same action. Repeat 8 times.
Fourth, sit in the corner.
The supine position is mainly to exercise the upper and lower abdominal muscles. Keep your legs straight, keep your body balanced, then bend your knees and abdomen, so that your abdominal muscles are extremely flexed. During exercise, your feet should not touch the ground or the bed surface.
Five, "cycling" exercise supine position.
Take turns to bend and stretch your legs, imitating the action of pedaling a bicycle, fast and flexible, and the range of flexion and extension is as large as possible. It lasts for 20~30 seconds.
Six, twisting the waist movement
Hold the handle with one hand or pull a certain weight, do waist twisting and turning exercises in various postures, and exercise the external oblique muscles and waist muscles.
Everyone can choose the above exercises according to their own situation, and gradually increase the amount of exercise each time according to their own physical condition, twice a day.
15 developed muscle training methods
First, the method of combining static and dynamic.
The method is to combine dynamic exercise with static exercise, moving first and then static. That is, first do dynamic exercises to the limit, and then fix them at the angle of the part that needs exercise for 6-8 seconds, and you can practice 2-4 groups.
For example, combine static bending with dynamic bending (biceps brachii) for 6-8 times with 60-70% weight, then fix the elbow joint so that the included angle between the upper arm and forearm is 90 degrees for 6-8 seconds, and make 2-4 groups.
Second, the combination of restraint and concession.
Exercise with strength (restrain contraction). Repeat 5-6 times, and then do 2-3 concessions after failing. This combination can stimulate the muscles at a deeper level.
Third, the first failure method
This is an effective method to increase muscle circumference at present. What it does is. If you want to develop that piece of fat, you should first choose local muscle exercises that only develop this muscle to train, do 6- 10 times until you are exhausted, and then run to another equipment within 3-5 seconds to do a comprehensive muscle group exercise focusing on developing this muscle, reaching the limit of 79% weight. In this way, the muscles will feel great stimulation when the four groups train alternately. According to research, this can effectively stimulate muscle growth and promote its development. Examples are as follows.
The method of developing pectoralis major muscle according to the principle of aging first;
The local effective exercise of developed pectoralis major is supine flying birds, while the exercise of developed pectoralis major and other comprehensive muscle groups is wide-grip bench press. Besides pectoralis major, triceps brachii, anterior deltoid muscle and serratus muscle can also be developed. If you combine supine birds with bench press training, the effect will be as good as simple training. The method is as follows: firstly, athletes can do 6- 10 times of supine flying bird exercises until they can't get up, and then run to the bench press with 60-70% weight prepared in advance, and try their best to lift until they can't get up, which is counted as a group. * * * Do about 4 groups, and the total exercise of 8 groups is about 50 times.
The method of developing deltoid muscle according to the principle of exhaustion first;
The local muscle exercise of the developed deltoid muscle is a flat lift in all directions. For example, the front flat lift mainly develops deltoid toe; Lateral lift (palm down) mainly develops the middle bundle of deltoid muscle; The posterior oblique lift mainly develops the posterior deltoid tract. The comprehensive exercise of developed deltoid muscle is the wide push behind the neck. This exercise can not only develop deltoid muscle, but also triceps brachii, and also affect pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscle. Combining these two effective exercises organically will be better for the development of deltoid muscle. The practice is; Adjust the dumbbell to lift only 6- 10 times to do the lateral handstand exercise. Until you can't get up, run to the barbell placed on the other side, and push the neck with a barbell (70%) until one can't get up, count as one group, and * * * make four groups.
The method of developing triceps brachii with the principle of exhaustion first;
The developed local muscle exercises of triceps brachii are various arm flexion and extension, such as nape flexion and extension, bow flexion and extension, etc. And its comprehensive exercise is driven by the narrow sense of power. Combining these two effective exercises organically, the training effect is better. The way is: the athlete bends and stretches the back of the neck 6- 10 times until he is tired, then quickly runs to the squat rack and picks up the barbell (the weight of the barbell is 60-70% of his highest weight) until he can't lift it. This is a big group. If you do four groups, the triceps brachii will be swollen and stimulated, as long as you follow the nutrition.
The method of developing back muscles based on the principle of exhaustion first;
The effective local muscle exercise of developed back muscles is that the load-bearing goats stand up, while the comprehensive exercise of developed back muscles includes bow and straight leg hard pulling. In order to deepen the stimulation of the back muscles, the following training methods can be adopted: first, do 6- 10 weight handstands on goats until they can't stand up, and then run to the squat frame with barbells to do bow bending exercises (or straighten their legs hard) until they are tired. Combine these two exercises to train four groups, and the back muscles can be well stimulated.
The method of developing quadriceps femoris according to the principle of exhaustion first.
Athletes first do well-developed local muscle exercises of quadriceps femoris; Flexion and extension of weight-bearing legs, try to do about 8 times, and then do comprehensive muscle group exercises of developed muscles in the legs; Squat, also try to do 6-8 times, so do 8 groups (4 groups) alternately for about 50 times, and the quadriceps femoris will swell due to deep stimulation.
Theoretically, it conforms to the principle of excessive recovery after ultimate load. This is because after the body is exhausted; First of all; The functional ability is greatly reduced; Then; Anti-fatigue body is improved from adaptation. Exceeding its original level;
Fourth, fatigue first and then repeat method
Do full muscle group exercises first, and then do local muscle group exercises. If there are at least four muscles involved in bench press, the main part of the exercise is pectoralis major, and the triceps brachii does not participate in the force to the maximum extent. According to the principle of fatigue first and then repetition, first practice bench press (using super-group number method), then lie on the bench and lift dumbbells to do flying bird exercises.
Five, continuous weight loss methods
Start to reach the limit with heavyweights (8- 10 times); Then before reaching the limit, the partner will lose weight (4-6 times, then the partner will lose weight again, and then repeat the limit (about 4 times). Doing this for about 3 groups in a row makes the muscles extremely nervous and get the greatest stimulation.
For example, supine press (bench press) (80 kg +70 kg +60 kg) /(8 times +4 times +4 times) is a big group.
Another example is; Station bends (35 kg +30 kg +25 kg) /( 12 times +6 times +4 times) are a large group.
Six, continuous weighting method
The method is to do a light movement first, then finish the exercise easily, then increase the intensity of exercise to make the muscles feel, and then increase the intensity of exercise until they can't get up. This method of constantly strengthening and deepening stimulation improves the sharpness of muscles.
Seven. Law of leverage (first real and then virtual repetition law)
First of all, after exhaustion, with the help of extra strength from other parts of the body, do irregular repetitions several times.
For example, if you can't bend upright, lean forward and then swing back. Bend your elbow with this swing and keep doing it for 2-4 times.
Another example is: after the bench press can't get up, do hip stand bench press immediately, and use the strength of hip stand to supplement your arms and buy the main muscle strength. If you insist on doing this for 2-4 times, the stimulation to pectoralis major, deltoid, triceps brachii and serratus anterior will deepen.
Eight, the method of consistency between mind and action
According to the practice of excellent athletes, it is extremely important to concentrate on where to practice and which muscle to think about, which will greatly improve the training effect.
Muscle work is dominated by nerves, and concentration can mobilize more muscle fibers to participate in the work. Therefore, when practicing an action, you should consciously keep your thoughts and actions consistent, that is, you should think about what muscles are at work when practicing. For example, to practice vertical bending, you should lower your head and look at your arms with your eyes, and see that the biceps brachii is slowly contracting.
Nine, similar action combination method
Develop similar exercises of the same group (or a muscle), combine different instruments and not exactly the same movements, and practice in turn to deepen the stimulation of the group (or this muscle). .
For example, to develop biceps brachii, you can choose the following exercises:
1. Vertical bending: (60%/8- 10) 4
2. Rotating single arm bending: (65%/8)4
3. Plate bending: (60%/6-8)4
4. Sit-ups: (70%/5-6)4
Another example: to develop triceps brachii, you can choose the following exercises.
1. Flexion and extension of vertical neck back arm: (60%/8)4
2. Bow single arm flexion and extension: (70%/6)4
Single arm flexion and extension; (70%/6)4
3. supine arm flexion and extension: (65%/8)4
X. double-group training method.
This method is to practice without rest with twice the number of groups. There are generally three kinds of double beads.
1. One group is active muscle; Then the next group did antagonistic muscles.
For example, one group does active muscles (such as triceps brachii) and then does antagonistic muscles (biceps brachii) without rest.
You can practice the same muscle with two different exercises in the same way.
For example, one group does squats (about 70% load) for 8 times, and then runs to another instrument to do leg extrapolation (about 70% load) for 8 times.
3. Do the same action for a limited number of times and rest for 20-30 seconds, then repeat it as many times as possible with the same amount of exercise and the same weight.
For example, in order to develop pectoralis major, practice supine flying birds for 8- 12Rm, rest for 20-80 seconds, and then try to do it with the same weight.
XI。 Difficulty reduction method
Start practicing the most difficult exercises; Then reduce the difficulty and do the same action; Further reduce the difficulty and do the same action, demanding the limit every time.
Twelve, the increasing difficulty method
This method is to do low-difficulty (small angle) movements first, and then increase the difficulty (such as increasing the angle of the ramp) until it reaches the maximum difficulty. This method is gradual, so it is not easy to get hurt, but because it gradually increases the difficulty and reaches the limit, it increases the stimulation to the muscles, thus increasing the significance of the muscles.
Thirteen, cycle training method
Large groups arrange the same or different kinds of movements and set up 4-8 stations, then practice one by one in turn, and quickly switch to the next station for training after reaching the specified number of times. When all the stops are over, the training of this large group will be over. After the training, I was sweating and my heart beat faster. This training method is aerobic training, which is of great benefit to reducing fat and weight and increasing the salience of muscle lines.
Example 1: circular exercise of developed upper arm extensor (triceps brachii)
Fourteen, action changeable training method
There is a rule in muscle strength training. Once several fixed movements are trained for a stage with constant exercise load, the body will gradually adapt, and the muscle strength will not increase or increase slowly. At this time, variability training method should be adopted to promote the body to change and enter a new adaptation process. If four groups of supine birds (30kg /8 times) are used, the chest circumference will be slightly improved after the first stage of training. Therefore, the training means and methods should be changed in time, and the training times and intensity should be increased to develop pectoralis major and increase the chest circumference.
Fifteen, listening to intuition training method
Because senior bodybuilders have rich training experience, they will instinctively respond to the choice of training methods, which only well-trained people have. Therefore, we should pay attention to and listen to these buildings, arrange different training methods on the basis of practice, and adopt different training methods to carry out effective bodybuilding training, so that the muscles are developed, the outline is clear, the lines are clear and the body is strong.
[Edit this paragraph] How to quickly practice sexy abdominal muscles
1. Be sure to spend a few minutes warming up before exercising.
2. Don't be impatient. In muscle training, the slower you move, the more sure you are, the more obvious the effect will be, and the movement is indeed more effective than the rush.
People with a lot of body fat must do cardiopulmonary exercise first, such as jogging, swimming and cycling. Do cardiopulmonary exercise four or five times a week, and the time for doing cardiopulmonary exercise must be more than 40 minutes. It's no use doing resistance training alone, because all your muscles are covered with fat.
People with a lot of body fat should try not to eat after 9 pm.
5. When eating food, try to eat less starchy food, such as rice, pasta, bread, etc. And replace it with lean meat, fish, eggs, vegetables and fruits with less sweetness.
6. Exhale forcefully during exercise, and inhale conversely.
7. When doing abdominal muscles, the muscles in the back are antagonistic muscles, so people with problems in the back must see a doctor. When doing abdominal muscle training, you must do what you can, and stop when your lower back is uncomfortable.
8. Another point is very important: perseverance+endurance+perseverance.
Initial order
1. Lower abdominal reverse sit-ups
Lower back pressure: low risk
The body lies flat on the ground, hands spread evenly on both sides of the body to stabilize the body, and feet are bent about 90 degrees. When exercising, lift your hips from your lower abdomen, make your knees as close to your chest as possible, and then slowly return to the starting point. Repeat times 15-20 times.
2. Side-belly broom twist side-belly twist
Lower back pressure: low risk
Feet shoulder-width apart, knees slightly bent, hands open on a long stick. When exercising, the upper body rotates about 80 degrees to the left, and then slowly turns back to the right. Repeat 25 times on each side.
Note: If there is a problem with the back and spine, the rotation angle should not be too large, and the posture of the lower body should not move with it when rotating.
3. Upper abdominal sit-ups: Knee touching and knee rolling.
Lower back pressure: low risk
Lie flat on your upper body, bend your knees about 60-90 degrees, and put your hands on your knees. When exercising, use the upper abdomen to drive the upper body hard. At this time, the palm will move forward slightly, just let the upper abdomen feel hard, and then come back slowly, don't let the shoulders touch the ground. Repeat times 15-20 times.
4. The compound movements from elbow to knee in upper and lower abdomen.
Lower back pressure: moderate risk
Lie flat on your upper body, put your hands by your ears, and bend your knees at 90 degrees above the ground. The bigger the angle, the more difficult it is. During exercise, the abdomen forcibly drives the body and feet inward, so that the elbows are as close as possible to the knees and slowly return to the starting point, with no feet and no shoulders touching the ground. The repetition frequency is 12- 15.
Intermediate order
5. Lower abdomen lifts legs and straight legs lifts legs.
Lower back pressure: high risk
Lie flat on the ground, put your hands on your hips, and keep your feet together and straight. When exercising, the lower abdomen lifts the feet hard, and the knees are slightly bent and cannot be completely straightened. At this time, your body is about 90- 100 degrees. Put it down slowly when you go back. You can't touch the ground with your heels. The number of repetitions is 12.
6. Side folding knife
Lower back pressure: low risk
The body lies flat in a straight line to the left, the left palm is placed on the right abdomen, the left leg is bent about 90 degrees, the right hand is placed next to the ear, and the right foot is straight. When exercising, use the lateral abdomen to drive the upper body and right foot to move inward at the same time, and then slowly return to the starting point without touching the ground. The number of repetitions is 12.
Note: Don't just turn your head. Keep your upper body and shoulders off the ground as much as possible.
7. Sit-ups, knees bent, abdominal rolling of the upper abdomen "bend his knees"
Lower back pressure: low risk
Lie flat on your upper body, bend your knees about 60-90 degrees, and put your hands beside your ears. When exercising, use the strength of the upper abdomen to drive the upper body, so that the elbow is as close as possible to the thigh and knee, and then slowly backward without touching the ground. The repetition frequency is 12- 15.
8. Air bicycle with compound movements in the upper abdomen, lower abdomen and side abdomen.
Lower back pressure: moderate risk
Lie flat on your upper body, put your hands by your ears, and bend your knees at about 90 degrees to the ground. When exercising, use the strength of the whole abdomen to drive. Rotating the upper body and the lower body is like riding a bicycle. Use your right elbow as close as possible to your left knee, straighten your right foot as much as possible, and then change sides. The left elbow is as close to the right knee as possible. The number of repetitions is 12.
Note: Don't move too fast.
C advanced
9. Lift your hips and lift your hips in the lower abdomen
Lower back pressure: moderate risk
The body lies flat on the ground, and the hands are spread evenly at the sides of the body to stabilize the body. Lift your feet together and make an angle of about 90 degrees with your body. During exercise, the lower abdomen forcibly drives the buttocks to lift, so that the buttocks leave the ground, so that the center of gravity falls on the shoulders, and then slowly returns to the starting point, and the buttocks do not touch the ground. The repetition frequency is 10- 12.
10. Side leg lift: Lift the legs to the side.
Lower back pressure: low risk
This action is extended by the upper abdomen folding knife, the upper body posture remains unchanged, and the lower body feet are straight. When exercising, both feet and upper body are lifted inward at the same time, and then slowly return to the starting point without touching the ground. The number of repetitions is 12.
Note: Don't just turn your head. Keep your upper body and shoulders as far away from the ground as possible.
1 1. Toes touch the upper abdomen and feet roll.
Lower back pressure: moderate risk
Lie flat on your upper body with your hands straight, at about 90 degrees to your body; Put your feet together and lift them about 90 degrees away from your body. During exercise, the upper abdomen drives the body hard to make the fingers as close as possible to the toes, and then slowly come back without touching the shoulders. The number of repetitions is 12.
12. Folding of upper abdomen and lower abdomen (V-ups), combined action.
Lower back pressure: high risk
Lie flat with your hands and feet straight. When exercising, both hands and feet move to the middle at the same time, and then slowly put them down without touching the ground. The number of repetitions is 12.