The method of identifying gold:

(1) Look at the color: The higher the purity of gold jewelry, the darker the color. In the absence of a gold medal, the general fineness can be determined according to the following colors (based on cyan gold). The so-called green gold is just silver in gold); The fineness of deep red yellow is above 95%, light red yellow is 90-95%, light yellow is 80-85%, blue yellow is 65-70%, blue white is only 50-60%, and yellow white is less than 50%. The so-called seven greens, eight yellows and nine reds can be used for reference.

(2) Balance weight: The specific gravity of gold is 19.32, which is heavier than silver, copper, lead, zinc, aluminum and other metals. Because the volume of gold is more than 40% heavier than that of silver, 1.2 times heavier than that of copper and 6. 1 times heavier than that of aluminum. Gold jewelry should feel heavy in your hand, while fake gold jewelry feels light and floating. This method is not suitable for gold ornaments with precious stones.

(3) Look at hardness: Pure gold is soft and low in hardness, and shallow marks can be drawn with nails, and tooth marks can be left after biting. Gold ornaments with high color are softer than those with low color, and the more copper they contain, the harder they are. Bending method can also be used to test hardness. Pure gold is soft and easy to bend, and the lower the purity, the more difficult it is to bend.

(4) Listen to the sound: When real gold with a purity of over 99% is thrown on the hard ground, it will beep, without rhythm and elasticity. Fake or low-quality gold sounds crisp and dull, generally making a "Dangdang" sound, with a lingering sound, and violently beating after landing.

(5) Burning with fire: Burn the jewelry to be identified with fire (do not melt and deform the jewelry), and observe the color change after cooling. If the surface is still golden, it is pure gold; If the color darkens or turns black to varying degrees, it is not pure gold. Generally, the lower the fineness, the thicker the color, and all of them turn black, indicating that they are fake gold ornaments.

(6) Look at the mark: domestic gold ornaments are purified and prepared according to international standards, and marked with marks, such as "24K" for "full red" or "pure gold"; 18K gold, marked with the words "18K". If the color is lower than Locke, the K-gold seal number cannot be printed according to regulations. At present, criminals often make fake famous brands and imitate stamps, and pass off rare gold, inferior gold and even brass as real gold. Therefore, the identification of gold ornaments should be based on the comprehensive judgment of samples to determine the authenticity. (1) carving identification: real gold ornaments are engraved with font size and marks, such as 24K, 18K, 14K, 12K, "red feet", "nine faces" and "five faces", and platinum ornaments are engraved with "platinum" and "p. Silver is printed with "Foot Silver" and "Nine Planetary Silver".

② Dropping test of concentrated nitric acid: nitric acid does not change color when dropped on gold and platinum, but turns green when dropped on copper and turns black when dropped on silver. 3 perception: it is really golden, bright and heavy. Fake gold and imitation gold have poor brightness and light feel. ④ Heating test: Gold does not change color at 1000℃, but still has luster. Copper will change color after burning.

⑤ Composition identification: Touchstone board is generally used in China, and the ground gold powder is compared with the original Touchstone board. The method of distinguishing pure silver:

(1) color measurement (also known as face mask): The higher the purity, the whiter the silver, and the face mask is fine, uniform, shiny and polished. If lead is contained, the tidal flowers emitted by the noodle stand are blue-gray; If it contains copper, the surface file will be rough and rotten and feel dry. Although silver oxide has "black rust" on its surface, its color is black and bright, while lead, tin and copper are dull and dull.

(2) Weighing weight: The density of silver is slightly higher than that of ordinary metals. Generally speaking, "aluminum is light, silver is heavy, and copper is not light or heavy." So we can preliminarily judge whether it is silver by weighing. If the jewelry is large and light, it can be preliminarily judged that the jewelry belongs to other metals.

(3) Hardness inspection: The hardness of silver is lower than that of copper, but higher than that of lead and tin, so use a pin to slightly scratch the surface of the object for detection. If the needle slips and it is difficult to leave traces on the surface, it can be judged as a copper ornament; If it is lead-tin texture, the trace is obvious; If the object has traces but is not obvious, it can be preliminarily judged as silver jewelry. Pure white silver jewelry, pulled by hand, will be deformed when folded.

(4) Listening and rhyming: If the jewelry is high-quality silver, it has no rhyme and elasticity when hitting the floor, and the sound is "bam bam". The lower the color, the lower the sound, and the higher the rhymed sharp sound; If it is made of copper, its sound is higher and sharper, and its rhyme is short and short; If it is made of lead and tin, the sound of falling to the ground is dull, short and inelastic.

(5) Look at the color of stubble: cut out the silver ornaments and look at the color of stubble. If the stubble is silky white,

Fine, the surface color is dark and bright after oxidation, and it can be concluded that its fineness is about 98; If the stubble is thick, soft and reddish, the color is about 95; The stubble is white gray, slightly red, and the color is about 90; It is difficult to bend by hand, and the stubble is reddish or light gray, and its color is about 80; Silver with a fineness of about 70% has a white dry surface and red and yellow stubble, which is not easy to bend; If the stubble is red, black and yellow, its color is below 60.

(6) Characteristics of forged silver: Forged silver is generally made of copper, brass, white copper, lead, tin, aluminum, etc. Its characteristics are: red copper: purple appearance, black stubble and green embroidery. Brass: yellow in appearance, stubble green and embroidered green. White copper: appearance gray, stubble brick gray, green embroidery. Lead: grayish blue, soft, with nail marks. Tin: silvery white, soft, and can be scraped with nails.

golden

1. color: more than 70% of colored gold ornaments are yellow with blue, and more than 80% of colored gold ornaments are basically yellow. As long as the color is above 90%, including 99 gold and 99 hardware, the color is bright and there is no mixed impurity of black, gray and blue.

2, weight: the golden body is small and heavy, placed in the palm of your hand, with obvious sinking feeling.

3. Softness: The higher the fineness of gold jewelry, the softer it is and the less elastic it is. Real gold will have faint traces when bitten by teeth or scratched by needles, and will not change color after burning. Low quality fake is just the opposite. Pure gold is relatively soft, so it is generally impossible to make jewelry with complex shapes and hollowed out carvings. If you encounter jewelry with too complicated shape, you should be vigilant. 4. Voice: "Dead voice" is gold.

Gold jewelry with high fineness will have a dull click when thrown on the concrete floor, and will not bounce back without any rules, commonly known as "dead sound". On the contrary, the gold ornaments with low fineness have a long rhyme and a slight rebound when thrown on the concrete floor.

silver

1. color: the silver with high fineness looks white, delicate and shiny, and the manufacturer and shop number are printed on the jewelry; The low-quality silver jewelry is yellow in color, rough in workmanship and dull in fake silver jewelry.

2, softness: high-quality silver has no elasticity, easy to bend, not easy to break.

The higher the fineness and softer the texture of silver jewelry, we can test its elasticity. Holding a silver bracelet in both hands, if you pull it by hand, it will open and have no elasticity, and the color is about 95%. If there is some elasticity, the color is about 80% ~ 90%; If the elasticity is large, the fineness is below 70%.

3. Weight: In addition, real gold and silver can be identified by weighing.

4, sound: the proportion of high-quality silver jewelry is also very large, throwing it on the table is not high, there is a "beep" sound; Fake or poor quality ones are smaller than important ones, and they can bounce high and make a crisp sound when thrown on the table. For silver, pinch and bend with your fingers, which is soft and elastic and has high color; The quality of the bend is hard, or barely moving, and some can't even move their fingers; The bending of silver plating or a few strokes with a hammer will crack immediately; Fake ones can't stand bending and break easily.