Simply put, bridge is a form of playing poker. As an elegant, civilized and competitive intellectual game, bridge is popular all over the world because of its unique charm. At present, bridge has become a performance event in the 2002 Winter Olympic Games and an official competition event in the 2007 National University Games.
Contract bridge
Modern bridge is called contract bridge, which is developed from a card game called "Whister". Compared with other games, bridge has the following outstanding features:
1, the fun of playing bridge mainly lies in winning cards with less luck and more wisdom. A lot of knowledge of mathematics and logic is needed in the process of playing cards, and the ability of calculation and memory in bridge is very important.
2. Bridge is of great benefit to improving interpersonal relationship and ability of coordination and cooperation. It is not difficult for us to understand the importance of the word "bridge" in bridge. To play bridge well, we must work closely with our partners and Qixin to achieve our goals.
3. The basic process of bridge is similar to the whole process of signing a contract. The so-called contract means "contract" in English: two parties bid, bid and bargain, and the last party signs the contract, and then one party makes a plan to complete the contract task, and the other party sets obstacles to prevent it from completing the plan. The principle of more work and less pay has been fully reflected in bridge.
4. The fun of bridge is that luck is inevitable when playing bridge, and sometimes your opponent will also implement psychological tactics on you. If you only say a deck of cards, the master can't say that he will definitely win the beginner. In addition, after careful calculation and judgment, the player completed a difficult contract with some advanced gameplay (such as throwing in, squeezing cards, etc.). ), this is self-evident.
Bridge is still an elegant and civilized game. Some people also call bridge a "silent war".
Detailed rules, winning or losing judgment method
The 52 playing cards used in bridge are divided into clubs, diamonds, hearts and spades. There are four different colors, arranged in alphabetical order, that is, plum blossom is C, diamond is D, heart is H, and spades are S, in which plum blossom and diamonds are low-grade colors, with 20 points for each pier; Hearts and spades are high-grade colors, with 30 points for each pier. There are thirteen cards in each suit, in the following order: A (maximum), K, Q, J, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 (minimum).
52 cards are evenly distributed, each person 13 cards; Among them, 6 piers are foundation piers, and more than 6 cards can be counted as winning piers. If the user enters into a 4-hour contract, it means that the red heart is the master card and gets a 10 dunka. According to the rules of bridge, the game is over when the contract basis score is above 100. 300 points for success and 500 points for failure. That is to say, in order to win a game, clubs and diamonds must be set above 5, that is,11; Hearts and spades only need to be booked to 4, that is, they can get 10 pier. In bridge, there is no trump card, which means you don't play the main card. This contract has 40 points for the first pier and 30 points for the second pier. In other words, when no contract reaches level 3, it is a game to get 9 dunpai.
offer a price
After dealing cards, bid before playing cards. Bidding shall be conducted with specific symbols and expressions. According to the regulations, the Zhuang family bids first (usually in the north, and then rotates). According to the level of the cards, the dealer can bid or not, and then his next (left) bid, taking turns clockwise. If the four families don't call, the deck will be declared invalid and the next family will deal again.
When a company bids, any company can compete at a higher level according to the order of suit category, as long as it bids for a higher number in the previous similar pier, or bids for the same pier in a higher category (suit or not universal). The categories are arranged as follows: no generals (highest), spades, hearts, diamonds and clubs (lowest), so spades are higher than hearts, and clubs are higher than no generals. Until the three families denied it. The highest suit is the suit of the card (or no general), and the number of this level is the level of the contract, both of which are collectively called the contract. The purpose of bidding is to let the partners exchange cards in order to find the best contract, or to interfere with the other party's choice of the most favorable contract, so as to achieve the goal of defeating the enemy.
In the bidding process, the content called by the latter bidder must exceed the content called by the previous bidder in color or quantity. For example, it is called 1NT in the north, 2H in the east and 3c in the south. Lucy supports her partner, just call for 3 hours. ? Situation: In order to create a more complicated situation for both sides of the game and let the players play their own level better, the bridge activities specially set "situation" as a key project. The party with games wins more points and loses more points, while the party without games can compete with the other party by using the condition of losing less points. Different bonus points and penalty points for players with and without players will be discussed below. The game of bridge is artificially defined and cannot be changed. Usually people use EW for east and west, NS for north and south, B for both sides and "-"for both sides. The so-called contract refers to a series of bidding agreements finalized by one party and agreed by the other party after bidding. The party that determines the contract is called the contracting party, and its purpose is to complete the contract; The one who agrees is called the defender, and his goal is to break the enemy's contract.
There are two kinds of contracts: will contract and no contract. The general contract is to determine a certain suit as the general card. In addition to winning this set, you can eat the other three sets (if there is no such set).
Without a contract, you have no contract. Winning or losing depends only on the size of each card of the same suit. If users don't have this package, they have to play other packages. This is called mat card, no matter how big or small, you can't win.
Contracts are divided into local contracts and non-local contracts. If the contract score exceeds 100, it is called a local contract, and if the contract score is lower than 100, it is called a non-local contract. The reward points and punishment points are different.
double；twofold
Doubling is a term that often appears in the bidding process. Its original intention is that a defender thinks that the contractor's contract will be defeated by his own side, and he calls it "doubling" as a punishment.
Now the meaning of doubling has been extended to various meanings, and it is no longer a punishment alone. If the contractor disagrees with the defender's "doubling" and thinks that he is still sure to complete the contract, it can be called "doubling again" to punish the contractor. Double the contract again, and the contractor's gains and losses will be calculated by 4 times (basic points multiplied by 4). The double symbol is represented by "X" and the double symbol is represented by "xx".
To sum up, doubling is closely related to the contractor's gain and loss points, especially when the contract is not enough (the basic score is less than 100). When doubling or doubling, the score difference exceeds 500 points, and the loss score difference is doubled. So double and double should be used with special care.
Playing cards or mahjong?
After determining a contract (no generals or generals) when bidding, the one on the dealer's left hand is called the first attacker, that is, he plays the first card. After the first attack, the first attacker's family spread out all the cards and arranged them in four rows according to the same suit. This family is called kaishou. The opponent of the bright hand is the dealer (also known as the contractor and the dark hand), who is responsible for playing the cards of the bright hand and the dark hand. After the open hand plays the card, it is the partner of the first attacker's turn to play the card, and finally it is the contractor's turn to play the card. At this time, there are four cards on the table, one for each family, which is called a pile of cards. Every family must play cards of the same suit with the dealer. If you don't have this color in your hand, you can use a card (any card larger than this color) to eat or pad a free card. In a pile of cards, if there is a trump card, the biggest trump card is to win. In the second round, the player who won the first pier plays cards first, and others still play cards clockwise until 13 cards are all played.
Start with a simple basic game.
In order to bid correctly, we must know the strength of the cards in the hands of users, which is easier said than done. The real strength of the cards in users' hands depends on the following conditions: the big card, the length of color, the good matching degree with the partner's card, the position where the enemy holds the big card, the level of playing cards with the partner and the level of playing cards by the enemy. This is just the beginning! Also pay attention to which players are full of emotions and which players are low in morale; The pair cooperate with each other; Or who drank too much; Which one teases others at the first opportunity, and so on. These may be the influencing factors. This agnosticism is one of the charms of bridge.
Peak game scoring and upgrading method
Brief introduction of related competition methods and scoring methods
1. Multiple scoring system
If a deck of cards is played by several different players, the server will calculate the average after removing several highest and lowest points. The score of each deck is compared with the average value in the form of team competition, and the difference is converted into IMP, which is the score of the deck player.
When a result is produced, if the total number of results is greater than or equal to 6, it will be scored by four players at that time; If there are less than 6 players, score 0 temporarily. When the number of results reaches 6, score 24 players at one time. When the total number of results of a deck is equal to 40, the deck is no longer used.
In fact, the binary system is a two-player double game, which is organized as a two-player game, but players are required to use team game strategy to deal with playing cards. It can also be described as a multi-table team competition in which a pair of players participate.
2. Full score system
Full-court scoring system no longer uses five parameters: points, loss, win, sum and winning percentage to score players, but uses five parameters: card skill index, this week's points, this week's deputy, general deputy and last week's average score. Among them, the card skill index is the core scoring method of this system, which is a percentage score obtained by balancing the opponent's score and the partner's score in the double score, which can more scientifically reflect the level of the players.
The integral of the double-entry scoring system is not dynamic, but actually only an approximate fair score. The weekly score of the whole scoring system is dynamic.
Add the concept of scoring cycle, the database is updated weekly, and the rate is re-evaluated once a week. This can better reflect the latest level of each player.
Full-court scoring system supports IMP and MP scoring methods. Now the XIMP system starts testing.
Calculation method of card skill index (hereinafter referred to as rate). Take the XIMP system as an example: First, calculate the comparative IMP score of all the results of each deck. The method is as follows: the score of a person on a deck is: according to the number of grades, remove several highest and lowest scores, and average all other basic scores to get an average score; A user's score on this deck is the difference between his basic score and the average score converted into IMP; Then, calculate the card skill index of each user once a week, as follows: For any user, his speed this week is the average of all the cards he played this week. The ratio of one user on a deck is calculated by weighting the ratio of four people on this table. Here, it will reflect the balance between the opponent's level and the peer level. Finally, the user's rate this week and the original rate are logarithmically weighted to calculate the final rate of this person. Players' past achievements will gradually decrease with the passage of time when scoring.
3.VP Team Tournament
The contestants are divided into two teams, and four people from each team compete with the other team. The game can be customized with 8 decks, 12 deck or 16 deck. After the game, compare the scores of the two teams, convert the differences into IMP, and finally convert the accumulated differences of IMP of each team into VP.
The VP team competition is the most antagonistic bridge competition, and requires players to have a strong spirit of cooperation and teamwork. Team competition especially emphasizes safety, and crossing the pier has little effect on the result of VP team competition.
After the game, players can view the game results from our home page. 4. Step Challenge Every freely combined team or gang can challenge anyone within the scope of the steps, and success in the challenge can take his place. Which team is the top super team and which gang is the top bridge gang? At present, the Peak Bridge Cascade Challenge has been held for nearly a year, and now it is the second phase. * * * With 160 bridge teams participating, it is the largest online bridge team competition system in the world.
5. Double competition system (supporting single champion and double champion competition mode)
Participants register in pairs on the registration page of Peak Bridge Competition, and sit in the seats arranged by the system on the designated dual servers during the competition. The competition is divided into several rounds, each round is a room, and the players should enter the competition room of each round in turn.
After the game, the system administrator will announce the results of the game. Generally, it will be posted on the bridge homepage or bridge forum.
6. Swiss automatic double shift system
Fengqiao Ruiyi automatic double competition system is an automatic online double competition system. Realize automatic registration, automatic grading, automatic seating arrangement in Switzerland, automatic ranking of competitions, and automatic setting of master points for winners. The purpose of this system is to realize the complete automation of online bridge duet, and strive to achieve no administrator participation.
Registration: Open the system server, and the first room is the registration room. A pair of players just need to sit opposite each other in the north and south seats in the registration room and raise their hands. After a few tens of seconds, the system will prompt that the registration is successful, and the registered pair cannot be registered again. Players should pay attention when signing up. If the party who sits down first finds that the other party is not the partner the user wants, he can ask him to leave (or drive away) without raising his hand first.
Swiss transfer: This is a way to arrange seats so that each round of meetings has similar points. The seats in the first round are arranged in the order of registration, and the seats in each round will be arranged according to the current points of each pair of players, with the highest points being preferred.
Scoring method: the system supports XIMP, total IMP and MP scoring methods.
Competition arrangement and time control: The system is started at some time before the first round, and there is only the registration room at this time. When the first round start time comes, the system will automatically create the first round room and arrange the seats. Players will sit in the seats designated by the system and start the competition. At the end of the first round, the system will automatically cut off the unfinished deck (you can't play any more), calculate the score of this round and add it to the total score of each pair of players, and arrange the seats for the second round according to the Swiss plan to create the second round room, which will be the same for each round in the future. The system has a detailed record of all completed decks, which can be viewed at any time after the game is completed.
Competition result: A certain proportion (generally 60% to 80%) of the total number of cards in the competition is completed. After all competitions, the system calculates the total points of all participating pairs (including those who abstained before the last round) and ranks all the pairs who have completed the competition. Those who are the same, those who complete multiple pairs are the first, and those who complete the same pair are the first.
Peak Master Award: 3 master points for the first place in each competition. When more than 20 pairs of players have completed the competition, 2, 3 and 4 players will be scored by 2 masters, and 5- 10 players will be scored by 1 master. If less than 20 pairs have completed the competition, the master will be awarded points in the first half, with 3 winners, followed by 1-32 points, and the remaining 1 points.
Results query: As soon as the final round of competition is over, the results will be automatically generated, and users can query the results at that time. The home page of the results query shows several recent games. Select the game that the user wants to query and enter the result page of the game. This page displays the ranking, total score, score of each deck of cards and other information of all pairs participating in the game (including those who have not completed the game). Click on the score of any deck to enter the comparison result page of that deck. This page gives detailed information about several results of this group. Select "Swiss Shift Automatic Double Match" on the bridge score query page to query the competition results.
7. Bridge game broadcasting system
Track the whole process of the bridge team's game in a way similar to Vugraph, and onlookers can know the progress and comparison results of opening and closing two rooms at any time.
8. Post-it note service
The above functions are only for members, and non-members can participate in the paste contest. That is, the score of each deck is converted into IMP and compared with the sum of the scores of the scorers, and the difference is the score of the deck. This kind of competition encourages low entry and penetration, and discourages sacrifice and multi-point propaganda.
A detailed description of the level of bridge games (level title, promotion and demotion standards)
The level of bridge players is different from other games, which is determined by the scores of top players. Peak master points can only be obtained in various competitions at the peak. Players * * * are divided into 12 grades, from low to high:
There is no rank, level player, intermediate player, advanced player, top player, top player, top master, top star, bridge guest, bridge association master, honorary master and professional player.
Bridge game integral description (score, bonus, deduction, liquidation)
There are two scoring methods in bridge competition: the contractor's score and the defender's score. Contractor's score = basic score+bonus score.
The basic score is the result of multiplying the pier score of a contract by the number of the contract. The pier points of various contracts are as follows: plum blossom or square with low design is 20 points per pier, hearts and spades with high design are 30 points per pier, the first pier without contract is 40 points, and the second pier is 30 points. If the contractor completes the double contract, the dock score shall be multiplied by 2, and if the contractor completes the double contract, it shall be multiplied by 4. For example, after completing 6S, the score of double contract is equal to 6 x 30 x 4 = 720.
Rewards are divided into two categories: completing the contract and overfulfilling the contract;
Each dock exceeds the reward points of the contract.
The situation has not doubled, doubled and doubled again.
No diamonds, clubs =20 hearts,
Spades and no generals =30 100 200
There are diamonds, clubs =20 hearts, spades without generals =30 200 400.
Complete the sub-table of contract award
The situation is incomplete, the game is complete, the game is complete, and the grand slam is small.
No office 50 300 500 1000
Presidium 50 500 750 1500
50 points will be added for the completion of double contracts, and 100 points will be added for the completion of double contracts. The score of the defender is actually the penalty of the contractor. If one of the contracting parties fails to conclude a contract, it depends on the situation, whether to double the penalty points in different degrees. The details are as follows: 50 points for each pier without games and 100 point for each pier with games. Double contract will be multiplied by 2, and double contract will be multiplied by 4.
Deduction for disconnection: In the pasting system, 20 points will be deducted for disconnection at a time. Full-court score/double score system, the score of one disconnection this week is 16, and the disconnection rate of this card group is 0.
Bridge terminology
Pier level of southeast and northwest bridge
Wheel set down, buffer and escape
Transfer fee
Call when you should, call when you shouldn't, call when you call, call when you call, call when you call, and jump when you call.
Call, buckle, ask, stop, cheat, argue and force.
Also known as virtual flat jump and spades of hearts.
Plum blossoms will have games without games, and they will become games.
Invite the bureau to ask about the overall situation of the bureau and the limited situation of the bureau.
Hua se Shi kai Guan Shi dong Jia nan Jia Xi Bei Jia Jia
The attacker and the defender put the cards horizontally and vertically.
Big cards, small cards, strong cards, showdown, ghost cards
Card mat shuffles, cuts, divides and follows cards.
Make weak cards, strong cards, strange cards and flat cards into cards to attack cards
Call, listen, read, pour, die, hide cards
Single sheet, double sheet, embedded sheet, idle sheet, winning sheet, stop sheet.
Threaten Zhang to eat Zhang, punish Zhang to lose Zhang, and join hands to open the door.
Count, report missing, fly one, fly two, fly three.
Inverted flight, false flight, deep flight and forward flight must be doubled.
Reward points, loss points and punishment points for falling piers and over piers.
Long sleeve and short sleeve, tree sleeve, open hand, dark hand, dark turn, first attack
The number of piers is mainly to prevent the loss of pier number, and to cash in with peers.
High flower, low flower, high sleeve, low sleeve, high limit, medium limit and low limit.
Stick to adjacent jumps, ask A, ask K, strength and reserve ability.
Prescriptions should show weaknesses and explore the distribution of good help and single vacancies.
Blocking conversion supports pier number control.
Qiaoqiaoqiao leads the real cover to the original cover and returns it to the hand.
Capture alive, hit hard, endure, shoot down, encourage and force out.
Put the signal of eating into urgent deception
Upgrade to attack the dealer.
East, west, north and south, where there is a tenderer, there is no tenderer.
Callers, callers, contractors and victims are all doubled, but not doubled.
Then ask the scorekeeper to double the score table and basically divide the Grand Slam equally.
Small slam, big card point, card point, duet, a trick question point
Ask about the card type, height, name list, and hang the card at the card point.
Enlarge cards, put small cards, and cover big cards with small cards. Dealer of useful cards.
Phone card conversion is called receiving, jumping, jumping, calling ping and calling.
Agreement is called agreement, jump, weak opening, weak opening, weak calling and then weak calling.
Weak competition is called weakness, strong opening is called strength, and strength should be called strength and then implied calling.
Freedom is called waiting, sacrifice, seal, and a red heart.
Spades, diamonds, clubs, high sleeves, sleeveless sleeves and double high sleeves.
Double low sleeves and one high sleeve can be called long sleeves, high sleeves and low sleeves.
The second set is solid color, and there is a new set of monochrome sets.
Fifth, help the control piece to connect the pieces and stretch the middle piece into a hand piece.
Good helper, key card, double stop card, threat card from level 1 to level 2.
Correction point of slam in the new design of three-level fake flight double competition
Anti-blocking investment law is divided into false investment shooting down method and encirclement and suppression method.
Killing, pressing, tabletting, double pressing, false pressing
The semi-forced displacement diagram is divided into two parts: nail flying, dead flying and stuck flying.
Peeling, forbearance, trap, evasion, ten rules, secondary color
Method for adjust partial local compulsion to partial hiding
Open call color open call strength open call condition open call level red heart open call.
Spades are called clubs, diamonds are called diamonds, and the bidding order is not open.
Try again, force the call to the bureau, and force the call to the low limit.
The middle limit is called the high limit, the false prompt is called the jump, and the strong jump should be called.
Weak jump should be called freedom, freedom should be called freedom, freedom should be called struggle, and freedom should be called freedom.
Then call the original set to force, jump, force and weaken.
Weak jump, struggle, buckle, lack of door buckle, single, horizontal separation, higher one.
The bidding rules in the bidding process are not as good as those in the bidding process.
The bidding method is oral bidding by the bidding system participating in the bidding competition.
Write the price, blackwood seeks weakness, relay, slam invitation.
Double slam, invite, bid, control, bid, force, bid and open.
Insufficient bidding, disorderly bidding, jumping and shouting a new set, there is a contract without a contract.
The contract of hearts, spades, clubs and clubs is completed.
Finally, break the contract and choose the ideal contract to execute it.
Play a slam, play a game, add a letter and accept the invitation.
A diversion can be called color upgrade, and a grand slam divides the overall situation.
Two, three, eleven, twelve, fifteen, some things have games.
There is no bureau in the east and west, no bureau in the north and south, no bureau in the north and south, no bureau on both sides and no bureau on both sides.
The game is expected to be a game, and there is no hope of jumping directly into the game.
The general card type will not increase the strangeness of the card type to its strength.
Big-name distribution, big-name dispersion, especially good playing skills, card situation analysis
Bidding skills: big card position, small card upgrade, big card win.
The distribution of cards, the cooperation between cards and key cards, the elimination of cards, and the connection between cards and big names.
After the cards are distributed, the shovel flying cards have a welcome signal, and the cards are attacked in order.
Forward signal encouragement signal declaration signal allocation signal length signal
Stop the card signal. Jump two A's, two A's and two K's.
Two k-jump color selection test slam test is also called test strength.
Real long set replaces semi-real set with level, and jumps slam to exchange information.
Calculate win, long-term win, quick win, development win and establishment win.
Find three gangs to do the second set of slam, and it is expected that the slam will not double.
Method of successful agreement of double stop-tension-flight for single suit structure against enemy
The safe game cross will eat the color symbols of the side group at will.
Strong cooperation, fatal kiss, repeated pressure, eating legal information.
High-level design and low-level design defense play, big-name bonus points will be eaten.
Blocking colors will delay the control of cards, and double evasion will be eaten by bright hands.
Protection card fraud and deception pad card play color.
A cover should be called one cover, a fight should be called two covers, and a fight should be called two covers.
Prepare for the opening. Call it blocking. Call it blocking. Call it enthusiasm. Call it blocking.
Passivity should be called encouragement, resistance and plum blossom.
Two diamonds are called, two are called, three are called and three are called.
It's called a grand slam, a slam, and a restricted match.
Slam testing is called natural bidding method, accurate bidding method and skeen bidding method.
Gaibel asked Barron to bid, Fico to bid, and Fastman to bid.
Rome Bidding Law Ultra-precision Law Du Lei agrees to call fighter plane.
Large adjustment points guide doubling, blur doubling and balance doubling.
Selective doubling, rational doubling, technical doubling and punitive doubling.
Claim of the banker with high suit and low suit with double offensive performance
Eleven calculation methods for bookmakers to identify illegal information fly away
Fast crossing, crossing, crossing, crossing, crossing, crossing and grafting.
The method of clearing the field with a strong wall will make it impossible to make a decision on the card encirclement and suppression method and the off-site encirclement and suppression method
Double Bridge Competition Double Bridge Competition Team Bridge Competition International Competition Points
Anti-blocking Chinese flying cards with original colors without big names
Bidirectional single compression, bidirectional double compression, unidirectional double compression and synchronous double compression.
Vienna urgently requires a new color to open, and two colors encourage sacrifice.
Stopping the sacrifice is coercion, not forcing out the main card. The door was open.
High level color bureau low level color bureau
The second one plays small cards, and the third one plays big cards to create a long list of colors.
Key card combined with comprehensive two-hand card, orchid plum blossom bidding method
Semi-closed open bidding Kobussen bidding method Grand Square bidding method
Western-style bidding method of plum blossom
Defender's claim, defender's admission, Snape's agreement is called
Double-contract bridge marching bridge competition overfulfilled the contract.
The original call set is renamed by Mitchell shift method of color selection signal.
The pre-sacrifice is called Howell transfer method and Monaco auction method.
Strong two calls should be called weak two calls should be called ambiguous should be called.
Finite natural calls and almost fixed-length sets of finite natural calls.
Simplified plum blossom bidding method French plum blossom bidding method modern Rome response
Accurate plum blossom bidding method Shapris Convention is called the licensing convention of Rosino.
Taxi bidding relay system doubles the display of bidding mode.
Super Gaibel asked Weizberg that the agreement was called conversion of Texas.
Fowiener agreed to call.
Call the enemy's opening with a limited opening of two colors.
Essex's scientific tender, Fameli Square, is called the agreement.
Siken square protocol is called Sprint Plus protocol.
Swiss agreement cards are called modern plum blossom agreement bidding method.
Jack Beye disagrees with calling Jonarist a card-playing agreement.
Vanderbilt Plum Blossom Bidding Method for Belgian Plum Blossom Open System
What a long suit color, encouraging, positive super-level slam bid.
It is not encouraged to wear long clothes. It should be called Steeman with two sticks and two sides.
Up to now (April 2007), China's best achievements are as follows:
The best result of China men's bridge team in the world competition was the fourth place in the world (2004).
The best result of China women's bridge team in the world competition is the second place in the world (1996, 1997, 2003).