Without seeking fame and fortune, Hua Tuo was able to concentrate on studying medicine. "Once"? 6? 1 Hua Tuo's Biography says that he is "proficient in the number of classics and knows the art of mending heaven", especially "proficient in prescriptions and medicines". People call him a "magic doctor". He once compiled his rich medical experience into a medical book called Qingnangjing, but it failed to be handed down. But it can't be said that his medical experience is completely lost. Because many of his successful students, such as Fan A, who is famous for acupuncture, wrote Materia Medica and Li Dangzhi, who wrote Materia Medica, all partially inherited his experience. As for Hua Tuo's "China Tibetan Scriptures", it is a work of Song people and published in his name. But it may also include some still popular contents in Hua Tuo's works.
Hua Tuo's genius lies in his ability to critically inherit the academic achievements of his predecessors and create new theories on the basis of summing up their experiences. China's medicine made brilliant achievements in the Spring and Autumn Period, and Bian Que's explanation of physiology and pathology was a great achievement. Hua Tuo's knowledge may have developed from Bian Que's theory. At the same time, Hua Tuo also made an in-depth study of Zhang Zhongjing's theory. When he read the tenth volume of Treatise on Febrile Diseases by Zhang Zhongjing, he said happily, "This is a real book written by a living person", which shows that Zhang Zhongjing's theory has a great influence on Hua Tuo. Hua Tuo opened up a new world in a down-to-earth manner along the road pioneered by his predecessors. For example, at that time, he discovered the method of squeezing the heart in vitro and the method of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. There are many such examples. The most prominent thing is the invention of anesthesia-drinking hemp powder, and the creation of sports therapy "Wuqinxi".
Before Hua Tuo, some drugs with anesthetic properties were used as anesthetics. However, they are either used for war, assassination or manipulation, but they are not really used for surgery. Hua Tuo summarized his experience in this field and observed people's sleep state when they were drunk. He invented the anesthesia of taking hemp powder with wine, which was formally used in medicine, thus greatly improving the technology and curative effect of surgical operation and expanding the scope of surgical treatment. According to the research of Japanese surgeon Huagang Qingzhou, Mafeisan consists of one liter of Datura flower, four yuan each for Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae and Rhizoma Chuanxiong, and one yuan for fried Rhizoma Arisaematis. Since the introduction of anesthesia, Huatuo's surgery has become more complicated and more patients have been cured. When he was treating abdominal diseases that could not be cured by acupuncture and decoction, he told the patient to take leprosy powder with wine first, and when the patient lost consciousness after anesthesia, he asked the surgeon to cut open his abdomen and back and cut off the diseased part. If the disease is in the stomach and intestines, cut it open and wash it, then sew it up and apply ointment. The wound will be cured in four or five days, and it will be cured in a month or so. At that time, Hua Tuo was able to perform surgical operations such as tumor resection and gastrointestinal suture. Once, a patient was pushing a cart, bending his feet and shouting that he had a stomachache. Soon, the breathing was weak and the voice of pain gradually faded. Hua tuo pressed his pulse on his abdomen and concluded that the patient was suffering from intestinal carbuncle. Because of his dangerous condition, Hua Tuo immediately gave the patient "Ma Feisan" with wine and gave him a knife after anesthesia. After treatment, the patient recovered in about one month. His surgery has been highly praised by generations. Chen Jiamo's Compendium of Materia Medica in the Ming Dynasty quoted a poem from Tu Zan, a famous doctor in the past dynasties, as saying: "Wei set up a sore department to cure diseases by removing bones, which has many miraculous effects." It can be seen that the late Buddha Hua Tuo was a veritable "originator of surgery".
"Wuqinxi" is a set of medical gymnastics that can stretch muscles and joints all over the body. Hua tuo believes that "the human body has to work, ... blood circulates, and diseases cannot be born, such as Hu Shu, and will never die." The action of Wuqinxi is to imitate the flapping forelimbs of tigers, the stretching of deer's head and neck, the collapse of bears, the vertical jumping of apes' toes, the spreading of birds' wings and so on. According to legend, when Hua Tuo was in Xuchang (county name, in Henan Province), he instructed many thin people to do this gymnastics in the open space every day. He said: "You can exercise regularly to get rid of diseases and benefit your feet and feet as a guide. If the body is unhappy, it will play the role of a bird, happy and sweaty. Because of the powder, I am light and hungry. "
In addition to systematically accepting ancient medical experience, Hua Tuo can also attach great importance to and use folk medical experience. He traveled widely all his life, collecting herbs everywhere and learning medical knowledge from the masses. While looking for medicine among the people, I also collected a lot of folk prescriptions, which are often used to treat diseases. Once, Hua Tuo met a patient with a blocked throat on the road. He can't eat anything, and he is being treated by bus. The patient groaned in pain. Hua Tuo went up to examine the patient carefully and said to him, "Those who sell cakes to the roadside want three or two cups of rice cakes, add half a bowl of sour vinegar and eat them." The patient did as he said, ate duckweed and vinegar, and immediately spit out a parasite like a snake, and the disease really recovered. The patient hung the bug by the car and went to Huatuo to thank him. Huatuo's children are playing in front of the door. As soon as he saw it, he said, "That must be the patient cured by my father." The patient walked into Hua Tuo's house and saw dozens of similar insects hanging on the wall. Hua tuo has cured many patients with this recipe.
Hua Tuo is famous for his successful scholarship and rapid improvement in medical skills. Cao Cao, a fellow countryman, often suffers from head wind disease and has seen many doctors, but it has no effect. I heard that Hua Tuo's medical skill was brilliant, so I invited him to treat him. Hua tuo only gave him an injection, and the headache went away. Cao Cao was afraid that his illness would recur, so he forced Hua Tuo to stay in Xuchang as his own doctor for his own use. Hua Tuo is noble-minded, does not advocate utility, and does not want to be such a servant. Coupled with "homesickness", he said that he would go back to his hometown to find a prescription and never come back. Cao Cao wrote several times to ask him to come back and sent local officials to urge him. Hua tuo also said that his wife was seriously ill and refused to come back. Cao Cao was furious and sent someone to Hua Tuo's hometown to investigate. He said to the sender, "If Hua Tuo's wife is really ill, give Adzuki 40 hugs and give her a holiday limit. If she cheats, she will be arrested and punished. " Soon, Hua Tuo was arrested in Xuchang, and Cao Cao still asked him to treat the disease. After the diagnosis, Hua Tuo said, "The Prime Minister's illness is very serious, and acupuncture can't work. I think it's better to use hemp boiling powder for you, and then cut open your head for surgery, so as to remove the root cause. " Hearing this, Cao Cao flew into a rage and pointed at Hua Tuo. "Can a person still live with his head cut off?" He thought Hua Tuo was going to kill him, so he put Hua Tuo in prison and prepared to kill him. One of Cao Cao's counselors pleaded: "If the recipe is practical, people's lives will be threatened, so it is best to increase the total loss." . Cao Cao did not listen and said, "Don't worry, when there is no such evil in the world?" I can't believe I killed this doctor who made great contributions to medicine. On his deathbed, Hua Tuo handed the medical books compiled in prison to the prison leader, saying, "This can be a living person.". Unexpectedly, the jailer dared not accept it. Hua tuo had to bite the bullet and set fire to it.
It has been 1700 years since Hua Tuo was killed, but people will always miss him. There is Huatuo Memorial Tomb in Xuzhou, Jiangsu; There is a Huazu Temple in Peixian County. A couplet expresses the author's feelings and summarizes Hua Tuo's life: