Nutrition and reasonable diet of middle-aged and elderly people are extremely important parts of health care for middle-aged and elderly people. Dietary nutrition of middle-aged and elderly people plays a certain role in preventing aging, frequently-occurring diseases and prolonging life. Generally, after the age of 50, there will be some decline in the shape and function of the body, such as decreased gland secretion, slow metabolism and decreased resistance. The aging process will appear sooner or later, and its performance degree is related to many factors. Dietary nutritional status is one of the main factors.
First, the nutritional needs and dietary characteristics of middle-aged and elderly people:
1. The basal metabolism of elderly people with heat energy is lower than that of middle-aged people 10%-20%. Due to the decrease of basal metabolism and physical activity, the daily required heat energy is reduced, which is about 20% for those over 60 years old and about 30% for those over 70 years old. Generally speaking, the daily energy intake of the elderly is 6.72-8.4 MJ (1.600-2,000 kcal). It is wise to keep an ideal weight. Eating too much is easy to make the body fat, but it should not lead to malnutrition because of excessive food restriction.
2. In protein, because the catabolism of the elderly is greater than the anabolism, the synthetic ability of protein is poor, and the utilization rate of protein intake is low. The supply of protein and amino acids should be balanced, so high-quality protein should be supplemented.
3. Obese elderly people have decreased bile acid, lipase activity and fat digestion function, so it is not suitable to consume too much fat; Fat should be mainly plant fat rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Cholesterol is also related to cardiovascular diseases. Middle-aged and elderly people should eat less foods with high cholesterol content, but don't have to restrict their diet too much. Proper cholesterol is good for your health.
4. Carbohydrate is easy to raise blood sugar, because the glucose tolerance of middle-aged and elderly people is impaired, and the regulation of insulin secretion on blood sugar is weakened. It has been reported that people eating more sucrose may be related to the high incidence of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and diabetes, so middle-aged and elderly people should not eat foods containing high sucrose; Fructose is easily absorbed and utilized by middle-aged and elderly people, and its ability to convert into fat is less than that of glucose. Besides starch, fructose should be the main carbohydrate for middle-aged and elderly people, and sucrose should be eaten less.
5. Inorganic salts and trace elements Middle-aged and elderly people should supplement enough calcium and selenium. Calcium can prevent osteoporosis, but it should not be too high to avoid unnecessary calcification. The daily calcium supply for adults recommended by China Nutrition Society is 800mg, which can meet the needs of middle-aged and elderly people. Selenium is an important antioxidant, which can protect the cardiovascular system and maintain myocardial health. In addition, selenium also has the function of protecting the vision device and anti-tumor. It is reported that people with cataract and diabetic blindness have improved their visual function after selenium supplementation. Iron intake also needs to be sufficient, because the middle-aged and elderly people's ability to absorb and utilize iron decreases, their hematopoietic function decreases, and their hemoglobin content decreases, which is prone to iron deficiency anemia. It is reported that the prevalence of anemia among middle-aged and elderly people in Beijing is about 50%, and that in Guangzhou is about 55%. The causes of anemia are not only insufficient iron intake, but also the decrease of protein synthesis, vitamin B 12, B6 and folic acid. The recommended daily dietary iron supply for middle-aged and elderly people in China is 12mg.
Vitamins are extremely important for regulating metabolism and delaying aging, so middle-aged and elderly people need to supplement enough vitamins every day. Human aging is related to the decline of immune function, the enhancement of free radical reaction and the increase of peroxide, and various vitamins have antagonistic effects on it. Vitamin A can promote immune tolerance, proliferation of lymphoid organs and enhance natural immune activity. Vitamin D can promote the osmotic differentiation of normal granulocytes, increase the function of macrophages and T cells, and prevent osteoporosis. Vitamin e is a free radical scavenger. Vitamin E in body tissues will decrease with the increase of age, leading to the decline of antioxidant capacity and aging. In recent years, there are many studies on vitamin E's anti-aging and improving immune function. It has been reported that the lipid peroxidation in animals lacking vitamin E is enhanced, and a kind of brown pigment particles, called brown pigment, can appear in cells in the body, which is the deposit of some components in cells after oxidative decomposition, and accumulates in the body with the aging process, commonly known as senile plaque. Vitamin E supplementation can reduce the formation of lipofuscin in cells and change skin elasticity. When vitamin E is deficient, the immune function of the body will also decrease. Adequate vitamin C can prevent arteriosclerosis in the elderly, promote cholesterol excretion, enhance the body's resistance, and play an important role in the body's humoral immunity and cellular immunity. The dietary characteristics of the elderly should be small meals, regular and quantitative, and the monthly diet should meet the requirements of a balanced diet as much as possible. Food types should be diversified. Protein sources should pay attention to high quality, eat more green leafy vegetables and fruits, and have a light and digestible diet. The diet should be low in salt, sugar and animal fat.
Second, nano-awakening spirulina-the best food for middle-aged and elderly people;
The aging of the world population and the rising incidence of common diseases among the elderly have attracted the attention of all countries in the world. It is the trend of food development in 2 1 century to actively develop and study "food for the aged". Nano-awakening Spirulina is a kind of natural food with rich nutrition, high quality and high protein, and its protein content is as high as 60%-70%. Among the 18 amino acids contained in Spirulina Nano, there are 8 essential amino acids for human body, and the amino acid balance completely meets the ideal protein standard recommended by FAO, which improves the nutritional value of protein. Nano-inactivated spirulina has thin cell wall and less cellulose. Nutrients such as protein are easy to digest and absorb, and the digestion and absorption rate reaches 86-98%. The fat content of nano-awakening spirulina is only 6%, and the cholesterol content is extremely low, mainly in sitosterol, which is completely different from meat and dairy foods, so there is no problem of high cholesterol content caused by animal protein.
In addition, the fat of Spirulina Nano-Awakening is mainly unsaturated fatty acids, in which linolenic acid content is13.79 g/kg, and γ -linolenic acid is as high as 1 1.97 g/kg. γ -linolenic acid has the functions of reducing blood fat, preventing arteriosclerosis, maintaining vascular elasticity, reducing blood viscosity and promoting blood circulation, thus achieving the effects of preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases and reducing the incidence of stroke. Nano-de-awakening spirulina has the characteristics of high protein content, excellent quality, easy digestion, unsaturated fatty acids and low fat, which is very suitable for the nutritional needs of middle-aged and elderly people.
The contents of vitamins in the nano-awakening spirulina are extremely rich and varied, such as B 1, B2, B6, B 12, E, K; Among them, the contents of β -carotene and vitamin E are particularly high. The content of β -carotene is as high as 1700mg/kg, which is 0/0 times that of carrot. The content of vitamin E is 190 mg/kg, and these two substances are of great significance in anti-aging. Studies have shown that the increase of free radicals in human body is an important factor leading to lipid peroxidation, accelerating cell aging and even canceration; Therefore, substances that can resist oxidation and scavenge free radicals are also considered to have certain anti-aging and anti-cancer effects. β-carotene, vitamin E and vitamin C are the three major antioxidant micronutrients recognized by medicine, and nano-awakening spirulina is both. β -carotene can be converted into vitamin A in the body, which can protect the mucosal epithelium of organs, prevent various infections and maintain normal physiology. β -carotene also has the functions of scavenging free radicals, preventing tissue cytoplasmic peroxidation and enhancing immunity. The physiological mechanism of vitamin E is mainly anti-lipid peroxidation, which is an indispensable part of many antioxidant enzymes in the body and plays an important role in maintaining the activity of these antioxidant enzymes.
The iron content of nano-awakening spirulina is as high as 600- 1050 mg/kg, and it is also rich in high-quality protein, vitamins, chlorophyll and minerals, which has a positive effect on the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia. Eating spirulina is not only to supplement iron, but also to supplement the total nutrition with reasonable ingredients. Previous studies have shown that vitamin A converted from β -carrots is related to ferritin synthesis. Japanese scholars pointed out that chlorophyll can stimulate hematopoietic organs and strengthen hematopoietic function. The contents of these two substances are very high in nano-awakening spirulina. Taking nano-awakening spirulina can not only meet the supplement needs of iron and various nutrients deficiency, but also promote hematopoietic function, which is the best choice for preventing and treating iron deficiency anemia. We used pure Wistar rats to replicate the model of iron deficiency anemia, and then fed it with ferrous sulfate and three doses of spirulina. Results After 4 weeks, the hemoglobin, red blood cell count, hematocrit and serum ferritin in the three doses of Spirulina Nano-Awakening feeding group increased significantly. The effect of Spirulina Nano-Awakening feeding group was the same as that of ferrous sulfate control group, but its weight recovered better. Spirulina tablets is used to treat 18 1 iron deficiency anemia in primary school students. After one month, the average hemoglobin increased from 106.9g/L to 123. 1g/L, and the serum ferritin increased from 20.2 ug/L to 54.5 ug/L. The curative effect was very obvious and no side effects were found. Because middle-aged and elderly people are prone to iron deficiency anemia, it is also of great significance to take nano-awakening spirulina to prevent and treat iron deficiency anemia.
Yamayaki, a lecturer at the Stomatological Hospital and Stomatological University of Tokyo, Japan, used spirulina to treat 480 cases of senile cataract, diabetic retinitis and hypertensive retinal arteriosclerosis. After half a year's observation, 90% of the symptoms have been relieved and the vision has been restored to varying degrees, which shows that spirulina has a certain effect on preventing and treating the visual impairment of the elderly.
Japanese scholars believe that eating more spirulina and exercising more for middle-aged and elderly people is the secret of human longevity. The health care significance of spirulina lies in that after eating, all kinds of amino acids and nutrients that need to be supplemented in the human body are in place at one time, which is beneficial to metabolism, tissue assimilation, regulation of human physiological functions, enhancement of immunity and improvement of physical fitness, thus achieving the purpose of preventing diseases and promoting rehabilitation. Spirulina contains many anti-aging substances. On the one hand, these substances can effectively delay the aging process of cells by resisting peroxides and scavenging free radicals. On the other hand, it can delay the physiological aging process by delaying gonadal atrophy, reducing blood lipid and preventing arteriosclerosis. Therefore, it can be said that nano-awakening spirulina is the most ideal health food for middle-aged and elderly people to prolong life. It is reported that 73% of Japanese spirulina consumers are over 50 years old, and 57% of them are women. Spirulina is used by the elderly in Japan, 45% of which is aimed at specific diseases, 28% is used to maintain good health and good spirits, and 12% is used as nutritional supplement. Among patients with special diseases, blood sugar accounted for 22%, eyes accounted for 15%, and constipation relief accounted for 14%. Japanese elderly people do not take spirulina as a short-term measure, but to maintain long-term health. Therefore, their medical expenses are much lower than those of Americans. Long-term use of spirulina can also remove facial senile plaque and chloasma.
Third, the difference between nano-awakening spirulina and common spirulina:
The difference between nano-spirulina and ordinary spirulina lies in that nano-spirulina is processed by advanced technology and special technology, and its nutrition is more easily absorbed by human body under the condition of ensuring the original nutrition, which is 20-30% higher than ordinary spirulina and close to 100% absorption rate. In addition, after proofing, the taste is more suitable.
Four. Reference doses for various diseases:
Prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia 5g/ day, diabetes 20-30g/ day, hypertension 10g/ day, visual impairment of middle-aged and elderly people 10g/ day, chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer 10g, liver disease 10g, and cancer over 30g.
Note: The adjuvant therapy dose of various diseases must be large, and the effect can be obvious.