When the Japanese army "mopped up" Linqu, it implemented a cruel "three-light policy", plundered people's property, burned down houses and seriously damaged people's living environment. 1On August 9th, 940, the Japanese army "swept through" the military village, killing 5 villagers and taking away 400 sheep, 35 cows and 60 donkeys. On New Year's Eve of the same year, the Japanese army "swept through" Dachegou village, burned 47 houses, forcibly slaughtered 76 cows and 200 sheep, and snatched a lot of food, resulting in many villagers having nowhere to live on New Year's Eve. The Japanese army set up 18 positions all over the county, and seized or demolished villagers' houses during the construction of the positions, causing huge losses to local villagers. When the Japanese army built a stronghold in Yangshan village, it demolished all the houses in the village and drove the villagers out of the village on the grounds that Yangshan Xiaozhuang affected the sight of the stronghold. 194 1 in March, the Japanese army seized her husband to build the Mihe Bridge and snatched tens of thousands of doors and boxes from the masses. More than 200 people died of cold, hunger and beatings in the project. There is no doubt that the Japanese army is one of the culprits that caused the "no man's land" in Linqu.
Under the command of the Japanese army, the puppet troops urged grain and money, arrested Dinraf, killed people, oppressed the people, helped others, and did all kinds of evil. Liu Maochun, the captain of the puppet army in Shanglin Shanzhai, openly kidnapped and blackmailed in the name of demanding guns, and became a "rich tiger" with huge sums of money in his hand. Wang, the leader of the Dachegou Puppet Army, secretly kidnapped money and made a fortune. Puppet troops stopped roads to ask for or rob property and attacked people. The puppet army "Qing Xiang Team" tried every means to extort food and money, often taking villagers to strongholds to beat them, forcing their families to sell farmland and livestock, and even selling children to redeem women. Over the years, they forced villagers to build strongholds, build roads and bridges, or transport materials for them. Only the puppet troops in Shanglin stronghold usually have more than 1000 recruiters in a small area from Jiaolin in the east, Mihe River in the west and Dachegou in the south. The heavy corvee, the long service time and the cruelty to civilian workers are unprecedented. In order to obtain materials such as bricks and wood, they demolished villagers' houses and cut down villagers' trees. People in many places in Linqu County could not survive and were forced to flee in large numbers, and the puppet troops were the culprit. 1940 In May, the Eighth Route Army withdrew from Linqu and Yidu mountainous areas and moved to Yishui. The fourth division of Wu, a new organization of the Kuomintang die-hards, occupied the western and southern mountainous areas of Linqu. In August of the same year, the Shandong Provincial Government of the Kuomintang stationed in Luxiadianzi Village in the west of Linqu County. At this time, in addition to the Japanese puppet troops, there were a large number of Kuomintang troops stationed in Linqu County. The main forces are: the 5 th1Army of the Kuomintang Theater in the southern mountainous area and the 4 th Division of Wu Xinbian; The seventh, eighth and ninth detachments of the third column of Qin Qirong in the west and north, Shen Honglie Marine Corps; In the east, Dou Laigeng's 17 brigade and Zhang Pinsan's 15 regiment are stationed. The Shandong Provincial Government of the Kuomintang built a large-scale project in Dianzi Village, Lvxia, which was a huge waste and cost. Many Kuomintang troops and provincial government agencies need a lot of materials, but there is no source, which makes the mountainous area of Linqu County in the hinterland overwhelmed. This is the main reason for the formation of "no man's land" in Mi Shan, Jiusan and Songshan.
In order to exploit farmers, the Kuomintang army set up dozens of taxes such as anti-Japanese donation, victory donation, police donation, military attached donation and land tax under various pretexts. When the village chief assessed the villagers, those who didn't pay were arrested by the Kuomintang army and forced their families to redeem them with food money. Feng of Dianzi Village in Luxia committed suicide by leaving his children under the age of 10 because he was unable to repay the money. At that time, there were many incidents of forced suicide because they could not pay for meals. 1in the spring of 942, when the villages generally failed to pay taxes according to the regulations, the army directly demanded and robbed the villagers, and the living environment of farmers further deteriorated. Zhao Tianan, an old man from Xiazhuang Village, said: "There are so many materials, one person in a class. There are always forty in Anzhuang. " Wang Yongsheng's family in Wang Rui Village, Sitou Town received 12 donations in one day. Feng Xinglu's family in the same village was searched eight times a day by Kuomintang soldiers, and they took whatever they saw. People buried food and valuables deep underground, so Kuomintang soldiers stabbed them to death with special pointed iron bars and tried their best to search for the buried food and things. Miao Tianyuan, an old man in Hezhuang Village, Sitou Town, has no food at home. In order to save his life, he had to sell the only 1 mu of land in exchange for 2 Jin of beans. As a result, they were taken away by Kuomintang soldiers, and the old couple starved to death. At that time, there were no fireworks when eating in the village. Whoever smokes in the kitchen will call soldiers to grab food.
The search and development of Kuomintang troops seriously damaged agricultural production, resulting in a large number of abandoned land. On April 26, 194 1, a farmer in Yujiazhuang bought 10 kg of grain seeds, which could be cultivated for 3 mu, just ploughed for 6 points, and was discovered by Kuomintang soldiers and robbed all the seeds in the barrel. Zhang Fafa, a farmer in Wang Rui village, stole the wheat in the field before dawn, and tied a hammer to cotton for fear that the Kuomintang army would hear him. As a result, Qin Qirong's soldiers found out and took the wheat seeds away. Zhang Fafa stepped forward to stop and was killed. Farmers mix seeds in feces to avoid being taken away. Kuomintang soldiers even spared such seeds, cleaned them and took them away. Kuomintang troops also seized the crops of the masses. 194 1 autumn, when there was yellow grain, Kuomintang troops robbed the masses of millet in Dongwenshan Village and Wang Rui Village, and many farmers worked hard to harvest less than a grain. The actions of the Kuomintang army led to the desolation of a large number of farmland. The barren land aggravated the food shortage, and the people could not survive and were forced to run away from home.
In the Kuomintang army, the newly formed Fourth Division of Wu Department (1June 1943 openly defected to the enemy, making it a puppet army) and the seventh, eighth and ninth detachments of Qin Qirong Department were particularly guilty in the process of creating a "no man's land". Linqu County is hilly, with poor soil quality and poor drought resistance. 194 1 at the beginning of July, the weather was very hot, and there was no rain, and the autumn crops such as corn, sorghum and millet were reduced. In the autumn of the same year, the drought continued to develop to the summer of 1942, and the summer harvest was reduced. 1942 it was frozen early again in autumn, and the yield of autumn crops was reduced. Therefore, farmers in Linqu County are generally short of food in recent years, which is one of the reasons for the formation of "no man's land" in Linqu County.
The Formation and Terror of "No Man's Land"
The destruction of Japanese puppet troops and the raids of Kuomintang troops have seriously disrupted the normal production and living order of farmers in Linqu County, resulting in barren land, frequent famines and plagues, and a vicious circle of social life.
Due to the serious lack of food, people at that time mainly lived on chaff, wild vegetables and elm bark, and even ate sorghum stalks, corncobs, silkworm excrement and various leaves. People lack nutrition, are generally bloated or extremely thin.
In order to fill their stomachs, the masses were forced to sell their property. First sell secondhand goods, then sell farm tools, clothes, doors and windows, purlins, wood and other things that can be sold, and finally sell seeds and hoes. Things are mainly sold to Yishui, Changle, Shouguang, Guangrao, Anqiu and other surrounding counties. After selling things, the villagers went back by mountain road in the dark, and they were careful on the way, but many villagers were robbed by Kuomintang troops.
After giving birth, the seller changed, and then the wife sold the child. In order to find a way for children and keep adults, many families sell their children. Mainly sold to Yishui, Guangrao, Shouguang, Boxing and other places. Some can't be sold, so they are thrown away. In the collections of Gao Lu and Sun Wangzhuang, there are often children who are intentionally abandoned by adults, and big girls who are betrayed with initiations on their heads. Many children starve to death and are not ignored. There were originally seven people in Liang's family in Shifutang Village, Sitou Town. 1942, Liang was forced to sell his two children for lack of food. Soon, his brother and sister-in-law starved to death, so Liang had to send his wife to Pinganyu Village. When he came home with 65,438+02 Jin of corn from his wife, he met the soldiers of the eighth detachment of the Kuomintang army Qin Qirong. As a result, he was knocked unconscious and his food was taken away. Liang died of hunger on the side of the road, and so did his mother. According to the records of Wujing Commune, there are more than 200 families in Huangyatou and Xiaoxinzhuang villages, and more than half of them are selling children and women.
Hunger caused a large number of deaths. At the same time, hunger is accompanied by various diseases, mainly kala-azar, typhoid, measles, smallpox, cholera, dysentery, scabies and so on. Due to malnutrition and lack of medical care, the incidence and mortality of diseases are very high. Wang Wenzheng in Dongfuquan Village has a population of 1 1, and 9 people starve to death. Wang Shilu, his wife and children in the same village died on the kang, and no one knew about it for a long time. There are 15 people in Chen Xuerui's family in Zhuangrui, all of whom died of starvation. There are five people in Gaolaizeng's family in Cuice Village. Within a month, all died, and no one buried the body. The maggots climbed up the street. The widow and two children of Lu, a villager in Gongjiazhuang, died in the house until the eldest son 1945 fled to his hometown and was buried. Nie Binghui's family of four in the same village starved to death three, and the remaining eldest son was bitten by a dog when he went out begging, and the wound was infected and died in the field. In the same village, four other families named Jing and Niu also died. More than 10 people starved to death in Xiazhuang village in one day. On the 8-mile road from Sitou Town to Lvxia Village, five people starved to death in one day, and no one buried them. According to the investigation record of Gu Ying, a reporter of Popular Daily, during the period from 1942 to 1943, 3 177 people died in Mishan area, accounting for 22% of the original local population at that time. 290 people died in Xi' an village, accounting for 42% of the original population of the village; There were 0/60 deaths in Dashan East Village, accounting for 26% of the original population of the village. Father and son can't care for each other, husband and wife can't live alone, people die by the roadside, no one is buried, and no one is buried when they starve to death. This is the true portrayal at that time.
In the case that it is really impossible to survive, a large number of farmers are forced to flee with their families. Some fled to the northeast, and some fled to the periphery. According to the investigation and statistics of Gu Ying, a reporter of Popular Daily, in 1944, there were 8476 people fleeing for famine in Mishan at that time, accounting for 58% of the original population of the whole region. Nine mountain areas 10866 people went out to escape from famine, accounting for 69% of the original population of the whole region; 639 people fled from Cuice village, accounting for 78% of the original population of the village. According to the records of Sitou Town, 298 people fled from Wang Rui Village, accounting for 93% of the original population of the village, leaving only 6 households and 6 people in the village; 279 people in Gongjiazhuang fled, accounting for 83% of the original population of the village, leaving only 10 households and 17 people in the village. According to the records of Jiushan Town, 473 people fled and died in Xiazhuang Village, accounting for 95% of the original population of the village, leaving only 7 families with 27 people. A large number of people fled or died, resulting in a sharp drop in the population of Linqu County. Mi Shan in the eighth district, Songshan in the ninth district and the fifth district have only a quarter of the original population, so they are called "no man's land". In fact, a large number of people fled, starved to death and died not only in the eighth and fifth districts of Linqu, but also in the eighth district of Mengyin, the third district of Yidu, the fourth district of Boshan, the fifth district and the seventh district of Linqu. According to the social records of Yangshan Commune, which is located in the original area of Linqu, before the Anti-Japanese War, there were 4 108 households with 24,676 people in this area, 1943 remaining 1053 households with 4,523 people, and 13076 people went out begging, with 3676 people. According to the records of Zhiyuan Commune, which was located in the original area of Linqu, 1934 has 4,466 households with 23,528 people, and 1942 has 20 15 households 10760 people left. 1942 In February, five members of the Liu family in hebei village, Xinzhai Town, Linqu District 2 died of starvation, leaving Liu, who was only 12 years old, begging. According to the records of Shandong Provincial Archives, before the Anti-Japanese War, there were 94 households with more than 400 people in Wangjiazhuang Village in Linqu District 2, and only 27 households were left in 1 1943. There are 55 households with 298 people in Xizhubao Village, Linqu District 1, which is located in the plain. 1943, 52 families fled, leaving only 3 families with 27 people. There are ***37 households in Shanglin Village, Linqu District 3, 1943 Guandong 19 households, Qingdao 1 household, and 5 households go begging outdoors, leaving only 12 households and 10 people in the village to die of hunger. According to the social records of Chengguan Commune, located in the former Linqu District 3, before the Anti-Japanese War, there were 7 103 households with 29,487 people, 1943 households with 5,789 people and 9,780 people, 14403 people went out to escape the famine, 2,464 people froze to death and starved to death, and 65,434 people sold their wives.
At that time, the rest of the "no man's land" were basically Baojiachang, the old, the weak and the sick. In some places, even Bao Jiachang fled. The old, the weak, the sick and the disabled can't walk and lack food, so life is very hard. People are dying in every village. No one was buried after death, and there were dead people everywhere. Later, there were more dead than alive. The deceased was dismembered by animals such as rats. People who are barely alive are starving to death, and some faces are swollen like copper pots. Their bellies are big and transparent, and you can even see the vegetables in them. When walking, they can only see the road clearly by opening their eyelids with their hands. Some are skinny, suffering from kala-azar, with dark skin, walking with one hand on the wall and the other on crutches, and their hair looks like a savage, so they have no strength to speak. All livestock, poultry, cats and dogs have disappeared. During the day, the village was silent, the wellhead was covered with grass, and the well water smelled bad. The streets, yards and even houses are covered with Artemisia annua, some with thick wrists, and the houses are strewn at random, without doors and windows and covered with cobwebs. At night, only the howling of wolves can be heard. Rabbits and foxes often haunt abandoned courtyards, and some people even become wolves' nests. 1943, Qian Jun, commander of the first mountain detachment of the Eighth Route Army, caught a wolf lamb in an abandoned house in the west of Cui Ce village. There are no crops in the field, and the roads are covered with weeds. The roads are all flooded by Artemisia annua, which is more than one person tall. There are no roads for dozens of miles in Fiona Fang, Fiona Fang.