At present, medical research has confirmed that hyperlipidemia is the main risk factor of human atherosclerosis. Common atherosclerotic diseases include coronary heart disease (including myocardial infarction, angina pectoris and sudden death), cerebral infarction and peripheral vascular thromboembolic diseases. These cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have high incidence, great harm and dangerous progress, and their mortality accounts for about half of the total human mortality.
The level of serum cholesterol is closely related to the risk of atherosclerosis, that is, the risk of atherosclerotic diseases such as coronary heart disease will increase by about 2% every time the level of low density lipoprotein cholesterol increases by 65438 0%. If the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol drops by 65438 0%, the risk of coronary heart disease will increase by 3-4%. Therefore, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is commonly called bad cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is called good cholesterol; The former promotes the onset of coronary heart disease, while the latter is counterproductive. In addition, the increase of triglyceride level may also promote the onset of coronary heart disease, and its increase is often accompanied by the decrease of high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Q: What should patients with hyperlipidemia pay attention to in their daily life?
A: Patients with hyperlipidemia can pay attention to the following aspects to reduce blood lipids:
Prescription for lowering blood fat 1: light diet, less greasy.
Prescription 2: eat more fruits,
Prescription 3 for reducing blood fat increases physical exercise.
Q: Specifically, what should patients with hyperlipidemia pay attention to in their diet?
A: Diet is a non-drug treatment. First of all, patients with hyperlipidemia should adhere to a reasonable diet and a balanced diet with low cholesterol. Eat more foods rich in protein and unsaturated fatty acids, such as lean meat, poultry, fish, shrimp, beans, bean products, cereals, fruits and vegetables. This can reduce the components in blood lipids, and some animal internal organs such as fat meat, dairy products, egg yolk, brain, liver, kidney and intestine should be eaten less. These things are high in cholesterol, so eat less sweets.
Q: What do you need to pay attention to in medicine to reduce blood fat?
A: After drug treatment is needed, we suggest that we must actively cooperate with doctors for drug intervention. There are many clinical classifications. Statins are commonly used. These drugs mainly include: Shujiangzhi, Lipitor and Xuezhikang. Their main function is to lower cholesterol. There are also fibrates, mainly fenofibrate and Li Pin, whose main function is to reduce triglycerides. They can reduce abnormal blood lipid and increase high density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Q: Some patients will have side effects such as liver and kidney damage when taking antihypertensive drugs. How should we treat them?
A: Now many patients are worried about the side effects of drugs. I think we should treat this problem correctly. The most common side effects of hypolipidemic drugs are gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea and epigastric discomfort. In addition, we should pay attention to two side effects, one is the increase of transaminase, the incidence of which is about 1%. The performance is that there will be some pain or nausea in the liver area. You should go to the hospital for treatment at this time. Elevated transaminase is a dose problem. The other is muscle pain. Some patients have fatigue and mild pain, and then the pain gradually increases. This is what we call myopathy in medicine The incidence rate was11000. If these symptoms appear during taking the medicine, you should go to the hospital in time.
Q: Lipid lowering and drug side effects are two contradictory aspects. How should we balance them?
A: Don't stop lipid-lowering treatment just because there are side effects. Because hyperlipidemia is very harmful, don't say that because I have hyperlipidemia, I won't be treated without symptoms, which is wrong. Some side effects, such as elevated transaminase, are often found to be a process, and generally no particularly serious side effects will occur through close clinical monitoring. Therefore, we still emphasize the importance of lowering blood fat, which is very beneficial to human body. Don't let these adverse reactions affect health treatment.
Q: Apart from drug therapy to reduce blood fat, there are many ways to reduce blood fat, such as blood washing. So this method is good?
Answer: "Blood washing" is medically called plasma purification therapy. After the blood is pumped out by the machine, the bad blood lipids in the plasma are washed away by the replacement of the machine. This is a treatment, but we do not advocate this method as the dominant treatment. Generally speaking, for some patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and hereditary patients, after basic treatment, healthy lifestyle intervention and drug intervention cannot be reduced to the ideal level. This kind of treatment can be considered at this time, but it is not a conventional guided treatment.
Q: Do some health products have the function of lowering blood fat?
A: There are many such health products on the market now, which have a certain lipid-lowering effect. Our medical staff still recommend taking these drugs we just recommended, because these drugs have definite curative effects and a wide range of lipid-lowering. It is the result of a large number of clinical experiments. This medicine has obvious effect and is beneficial to observation. It is recommended to take this kind of medicine.
Q: What do patients with hyperlipidemia need to pay special attention to?
A: We remind patients that hyperlipidemia must be treated. There are adverse reactions during the treatment, but the incidence of adverse reactions is relatively low. These adverse reactions can be prevented by cooperating with doctors to closely detect them. We still often see such patients in clinic. He thinks there are no symptoms and no need for treatment. This is a misunderstanding. Even if there are no symptoms, you need treatment, and you don't follow the doctor's advice. There is also a lack of attention to curative effect and reexamination. After I prescribed the medicine, I decided whether to eat or not, and it was not good not to go back to the clinic. There are also insufficient doses of substandard drugs. We have a fixed therapeutic dose. Then there is the abuse of some drugs with uncertain curative effect, which means that no matter what medicine you use, you must insist on giving you regular treatment. There is also concern about the side effects of drugs, and there is neglect of basic treatment, that is, diet plus exercise. This kind of treatment is necessary whether you use drugs or not.
Q: Do you have to give up drinking because of high blood lipids?
A: We advise patients to abstain from alcohol, especially those with hyperlipidemia. If they are generally healthy, we call it martial law and alcohol restriction. For patients with hyperlipidemia, we still don't drink alcohol, because alcohol intake will still affect blood lipids.
Q: How often is it appropriate to check blood lipids?
A: When hyperlipidemia is detected, we hope that patients will have a healthy lifestyle intervention. We recommend that patients be examined every four to six weeks and monitored for two to three months. If blood lipids tend to be normal, they can be rechecked every three to six months. If it doesn't meet the standard, it needs medication. After drug treatment, we also recommend monitoring patients for four to six weeks and three to six months after reaching the standard.
References:
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Responder: Fan Xiaodao-Magician Level 411-1617: 03.
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Blood lipids are fatty substances in blood, and there are two main types: cholesterol and triglyceride (TG), among which cholesterol is divided into low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Hyperlipidemia refers to the increase of cholesterol and triglyceride in serum, among which the increase of LDL-C is the most harmful.
Several principles that patients with hyperlipidemia should pay attention to during exercise;
1. Choose suitable sports: according to your own situation, choose long-distance running or hiking, jogging, cycling, gymnastics, Tai Ji Chuan, qigong, swimming, mountain climbing, table tennis, badminton, tennis, disco aerobics and fitness equipment.
2. Grasp the intensity of exercise: the heart rate during exercise is 60-70% of my highest heart rate, which is equivalent to 50-60% of the maximum oxygen uptake. Generally, the heart rate of 40 years old is controlled at 140 beats/min; 50 years old, 130 times/minute; Over 60 years old, 120 times/minute is appropriate.
3. Appropriate exercise frequency: Middle-aged and elderly people, especially the elderly, have a low metabolic level and a long recovery time after fatigue, so the exercise frequency can be increased or decreased according to the situation, generally 3-4 times a week is appropriate.
4. Appropriate exercise time: each exercise time should be controlled at 30-40 minutes, preferably in the afternoon, and should be exercised for many years. Special attention should be paid to the health status of patients with hyperlipidemia:
1) Pay attention to your feelings during and after exercise. If you have severe dyspnea, chest tightness, dizziness, pallor and other phenomena, you should stop exercising immediately and rest on your back if possible.
2) Patients with hyperlipidemia and no other complications should maintain moderate-intensity exercise, that is, jogging for 3-5 kilometers every day. Patients with mild hypertension, obesity, diabetes, asymptomatic coronary heart disease and other diseases should master it by themselves, with no obvious discomfort during exercise as the principle, and should be carried out under medical supervision if necessary. People with severe hypertension and serious heart disease (such as acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, serious arrhythmia, etc.) should be prohibited from exercising. ), severe diabetes and severe hepatic and renal insufficiency, moderate exercise should be considered only after the above diseases are obviously improved.
3) Persistence is the key to exercise.
Health food for patients with hyperlipidemia
1. Apple: Apple is known as the "king of fruits", which can greatly reduce the death risk of patients with coronary heart disease and is an ideal food for preventing and treating coronary heart disease.
Hawthorn: Hawthorn is a mature fruit of deciduous shrub in Rosaceae. Mild in nature, sweet and sour in taste, and has the functions of promoting digestion, resolving food stagnation and resolving stagnation. As early as the Ming Dynasty, China medical scientist Li Shizhen used hawthorn to treat diseases caused by eating too much meat.
Third, kelp: kelp is a healthy food and a good medicine for treating diseases. Kelp contains an effective component called kelp polysaccharide, which can reduce the content of total cholesterol and triglyceride in serum.
Mushroom food: Mushroom food is the general name of mushroom food, straw mushroom, shiitake mushroom, oyster mushroom and so on. It is a healthy food with high protein, low fat and rich natural vitamins, and has many unique health care functions.
Five: Onion: Onion, also known as onion and jade onion, belongs to Liliaceae. It is native to the northwest of India, so it is called onion in China. Onion is rich in protein, sugar, vitamins B2, B6, C, carotene, thiamine, nicotinic acid, calcium, phosphorus, iron, selenium and other elements, as well as a variety of chemicals, and almost no fat.
6. Garlic is known as the "green doctor". In ancient China, famous doctors such as Hua Lun and Li Shizhen used garlic to treat various diseases. In ancient Egypt, Greece, India and other countries, there are also various legends about using garlic to treat diseases.
Seven. Beans: beans include soybeans (such as soybeans, black beans, mung beans, red beans, etc. ), broad beans, peas, red beans, mung beans, etc. They are a good source of human protein, and they are also healthy foods for preventing and treating hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease. Protein content in beans is high, and the quality is good, especially in soybeans. Every100g of soybeans contains about 40g of protein. Other beans, such as broad bean, red bean and mung bean, also contain 20-25g protein per 100g.
Experts pointed out that 100g soybean milk contains 1.8 ~ 4.4g soybean protein, 100g tofu contains 72 ~1.4g soybean protein, and 100g soybean powder contains 35.3 ~ 45.9g soybean protein.
Conclusion: I wish you health!
What should the diet of patients with hyperlipidemia pay attention to?
Food is the most important for people, but when people are "full", they often ignore the nutritional structure. Poor diet can lead to hyperlipidemia and many related diseases. For patients with hyperlipidemia, more attention should be paid to clear diet and healthy diet. Simply put, patients with hyperlipidemia should pay attention to "one balance" and "five principles" in their diet.
Balanced diet: With hyperlipidemia, many people are completely vegetarian and partial to food, which is a misunderstanding and very harmful to their health. We should get all kinds of nutrients from our diet in a proper proportion. If you don't eat more than 20 kinds of food in two weeks, there is something wrong with your diet.
Five principles: low calorie, low cholesterol, low fat, low sugar and high fiber diet.
Low calorie: control the amount of food to achieve and maintain the ideal weight. The so-called ideal weight is usually expressed by "body mass index". Its calculation formula is: BMI = weight (kg)/ height (m) 2, and its ideal value is 22. Weight over 65438+ 00% of ideal weight means overweight, and weight over 20% of ideal weight means obesity. For obese patients with hyperlipidemia, it is usually appropriate to lose 0.5- 1 kg per week.
Low cholesterol: the total daily intake should be less than 300 mg. Cholesterol exists only in animal foods, and there is no cholesterol in plant foods. Cholesterol content of various meats (including chicken, duck, fish, pig, cow, sheep, etc.). ): The average cholesterol content is about 20-30mg per pair.
Low-fat: Foods with as little satiety and fatty acids as possible, including animal foods (fat, whole milk, cream, lard, butter, fat sausage, breast and skin) and some plant foods (roasted ghee, coconut oil, coconut oil and palm oil). Edible oil should be oils with more unsaturated fatty acids, such as soybean, rice oil, corn oil, safflower seed oil, sunflower seed oil, vegetable oil, olive oil, peanut oil, mustard oil and bitter tea oil. In addition, fish and beans have less saturated fatty acids, so we can consider replacing other meats as the source of protein. Do not eat or eat as little as possible high-oil snacks (cashews, peanuts, melon seeds, cakes, cakes, Chinese cakes, chocolates, ice cream).
High-fiber foods: such as fruits, beans, oats, watercress, fungus, kelp, laver, mushrooms, melons, beans and vegetable stalks.
Hyperlipidemia is very common in patients, including hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and compound hyperlipidemia, which is one of the main factors leading to atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. It also affects kidney, peripheral circulation, pancreas, itching, immune system and blood system diseases.
Hyperlipidemia can be divided into primary and secondary, the former is related to environment and family inheritance. The latter is caused by diabetes, hypothyroidism, obesity and pancreatic diseases. Reasonable diet and lifestyle are of great significance to prevent hyperlipidemia. For patients with hyperlipidemia with genetic tendency, there is no obvious improvement in drug treatment, mainly by adjusting the diet structure, trying not to eat or eat less foods with high cholesterol, such as animal viscera, brain, bone marrow, roe, shellfish, squid, eel and so on. Often eat vegetables and fruits rich in fiber, which contain a lot of phytosterols, which can inhibit the absorption of cholesterol and play an anti-arteriosclerosis role. Moderate or small drinking can also reduce cholesterol, 45 ml of white wine or 90 ml of dry red wine or 188 ml of beer every day. For patients with hyperlipidemia, on the one hand, they should control their diet, on the other hand, they should do moderate exercise, such as jogging. Through exercise, lipase activity in fat increases and blood lipid decreases accordingly. Some patients have normal blood lipids, but they have hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart disease. This also requires diet control, active exercise and medication under the guidance of a doctor.
Although cholesterol can usually be reduced by reasonable adjustment of diet, exercise and drugs, these methods sometimes fail to treat some patients with refractory and familial hyperlipidemia.
Recently, a system of whole blood directly absorbing blood lipids has appeared in medicine. Totally enclosed disposable blood loop tubes and autologous blood purification and transfusion are used to directly remove excessive harmful blood lipids from blood.
It can also be used to prevent various complications caused by hyperlipidemia and improve microcirculation of coronary heart disease and cerebral infarction. But this is not once and for all. If you don't pay attention to exercise, diet regulation and other auxiliary treatments, blood lipids will rise back to the original level.