1, the environmental conditions of normal season cultivation

Spinach is a cold-tolerant plant, which can tolerate the low temperature of 0℃. With the increase of temperature, the optimum temperature for seed germination is 65 05 ~ 20℃. With the increase of temperature, the germination rate gradually decreased and the germination rate gradually slowed down. It is most suitable for the growth of leaf clusters at 20-25℃. At the temperature of 25℃ or higher, the leaves are small and rough, and the quality is poor.

Spinach is a long-term crop. Drying at high temperature and taking pictures for a long time are beneficial to smoking. Temperature-resistant sunshine is short and water is slow. The yield of spinach should be increased during leaf growth. The sowing time is long, and the sunshine is gradually shortened, so that the protoplast is fast, the bud is differentiated and there are many leaves. After fractional division, the temperature decreases, the sunshine becomes shorter, and the growth cycle of leaves is delayed.

Is the soil pH value of spinach 6? 7, can withstand microbial soil. When the pH value is 5.5, the plants will not grow well, and when the pH value is 4, the plants will die. Spinach asks about fertile water, thick and solid soil and the need for more nitrogen fertilizer. Full nitrogen fertilizer, thickened leaves, high yield and good quality; Plants are short, leaves are yellow, and leaves are more likely. Therefore, the cultivation season of spinach is mainly autumn and winter, and the neutral water in soil cultivation is stored with good quality.

2. Variety selection

Spinach is difficult in autumn, but the spinach managed by spinach in late September can supplement the off-season supply of the market and has high economic benefits. With the continuous improvement of cultivation techniques and the emergence of new varieties, the cultivation area of early autumn spinach will be expanded year by year. At present, the selected varieties have the characteristics of clearing away heat and reducing fever, high yield, fast growth and good quality.

Huajiang 1: hybrid line-generation. The plant is 25? 30 cm, arched leaves, blunt tip, with a pair of shallow splits, leaves 19 cm, leaves 14 cm, flat leaves, green leaves, fat, fat, red roots, roots to take root, single plant height of tens to hundreds of grams, stepless quality, generally 1500? 2 000 kg/mu, heat-resistant, harvesting seedlings after 35 ~ 40 days.

Combination 1: hybrid type, blunt leaves, color, prickly seeds, hot or cold, 40 days after sowing.

3. Training management measures

(1) Great September fertilizer. After harvesting before harvesting, the land becomes flat. Before sowing, manna dung is used as base fertilizer, "three ploughs and three plows".

(2) soaking and germination. In order to achieve rapidity and neatness, seed treatment must be carried out. Usually, it is treated with cold water 12 hours, treated with refrigerator (bottom of refrigerator) at 7-8℃ for 24-36 hours, then started at 20-25℃, and also soaked in 0. 1% potassium nitrate 16-20 hours, and sowed after sowing.

(3) sow in time. Autumn spinach is usually sown in August and late autumn. Sowing time should be chosen at night. Before sowing, you should open a small groove and water it with cold water. The seeds are then widely sown in ditches. The length of the bud can't exceed the length of the seed, otherwise the bud is sunshine and dry. Sowing amount should be moderate. The yield per mu of the above varieties is only 3 to 4 kilograms. After sowing, it is covered with grass. If possible, you can use a sunshade net to keep the soil moist and make the soil moist.

(4) timely irrigation and fertilization. In early autumn, the temperature of spinach is high, and the top point can be combined with irrigation, and 20% people can urinate. When the temperature drops, the concentration can be changed from about 40% to about 40%. Weeds should be removed in time at the early stage of germination and growth.

(5) pest control. Spinach mainly jumps in early autumn, so it should be prevented in time. Can you spray 40% carboxyl phosphorus 1 000? 1 500 times.

4. Special technical requirements

In order to promote early seedlings and neutralize early autumn seedlings, blood drawing, low temperature germination or chemical treatment must be carried out before sowing. In order to promote its rapid growth, the 5 000-fold solution of bamboo plant growth regulator increased significantly about 25 days after sowing. Although spraying Kipling can increase the yield, it will affect the quality.

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