The expansion of megacities to Zhang Zhilu came to an abrupt end.

A few days ago, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the "Implementation Plan for New Urbanization in the 14 th Five-Year Plan", which relaxed the restrictions on settlement except for a few megacities. At the same time, it calls for promoting slimming and fitness in megacities, scientifically determining the scale and development intensity of cities, and reasonably controlling population density.

This is another mantra about the expansion of megacities after "strictly controlling the expansion of provincial capitals".

In fact, this statement is not the first time. Prior to this, the planning of metropolitan areas or urban agglomerations in Chengdu, Wuhan, Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan, Xi and other places has clearly mentioned that central cities should be slim and healthy.

Megacities, where to go?

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What are the megacities in China?

What are the megacities in China?

Mega-city is a related concept of China's urban hierarchy. According to the size of urban population, cities in China are divided into megacities, megacities, I-megacities, II-megacities, medium-sized cities and small cities.

Among them, the population of megacities exceeds100000, and the population of megacities ranges from 5 million to100000.

According to the bulletin of the seventh national census, there are currently 7 megacities in China, 14 megacities.

It should be noted that the standard here is urban population, not the population of the whole city, and the population of villages and towns does not count.

Therefore, some cities with a total population of over 10 million, such as Shijiazhuang and Linyi, have failed to rank among the megacities because of their small urban population. (See "China, Another City with a Population of Ten Million")

Different from Shijiazhuang, Suzhou fell off the list because it has four county-level cities under its jurisdiction. Because county-level cities are also cities under separate state planning, the urban population is calculated separately, thus diluting the urban population of the whole city.

In fact, Suzhou is an out-and-out mega city. In the future, if county-level cities such as Kunshan and Changshu in Suzhou withdraw from the city and set up districts, then Suzhou can also become a veritable megacity.

At the same time, due to the lag of statistical data and considering the reality of urban population growth, Wuhan, which is only one step away from megacities, was promoted to megacities in 20021-2022.

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Why do megacities lose weight?

How to lose weight and keep fit in megacities

This is where it loses weight.

This is where it keeps healthy.

It can be seen that megacities do not prohibit expansion, but change their past expansion posture, ease low-end industries and embrace high-tech industries in an all-round way.

Which industries are being dismantled?

Wholesale market, logistics base, university hospital, general manufacturing industry.

The first three are easier to understand, so what is general manufacturing?

As the name implies, the general manufacturing industry is opposite to the high-end manufacturing industry, covering high energy-consuming industries and labor-intensive industries such as steel, nonferrous metals, building materials, chemicals, textile printing and dyeing, machinery, printing and papermaking.

In this regard, Beijing is a pioneer. 20 16 to 202 1, 2 154 general manufacturing enterprises in Beijing. (see negative growth! China's largest economy changed hands for the first time ").

With the disintegration of non-capital functions, the resident population of six districts in Beijing has decreased by 15% in eight years, and Beijing has become the first city in China to reduce its development.

Of course, reducing development is not necessarily suitable for every city. It is precisely because of the vigorous development of its high-end industries that Beijing can ease many enterprises and its GDP is infinitely close to Shanghai.

According to the plan, megacities will be encouraged to develop high-end service industries and advanced manufacturing industries.

The so-called high-end service industry includes finance, software and information service industry, scientific research, cultural tourism industry, etc., while advanced manufacturing industry covers a new generation of information technology, artificial intelligence, biomedicine, new energy, new materials, high-end equipment and many other fields.

These high-end factor resources have always been a battleground for cities.

Without the inclination of national strategy, the foundation of scientific and educational talents and the corresponding industrial base, it is difficult to become a leading industry quickly.

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Suburbanization of big cities.

Suburbanization is inevitable in megacities.

Judging from the documents issued by various places, the objects of super-large-scale slimming and fitness and population density control are basically central cities.

In fact, with the continuous advancement of urbanization and the gradual improvement of urban development intensity in China, there is little room for development in the central areas of many cities, and expansion to the suburbs has become an inevitable choice.

The suburbanization of big cities has been reflected in the flow of population.

20 15 by 2020, the proportion of permanent residents in the central area of Beijing will drop from 59.3% to 50.2%, and will continue to drop below 50% in the future.

The same is true of Shanghai. According to Qipu data, in 2020, the population of Shanghai's central city will account for 26.9%, the population of Pudong New Area will account for 22.8%, and the population of suburbs will account for 50.3%. More than half of the people in Shanghai already live in the suburbs.

Guangzhou is also constantly strengthening the mobility of suburban population.

According to the latest plan, by 2025, the permanent population of Guangzhou is expected to exceed 2 1 10,000. By then, the resident population of the four central districts (Tianhe, Yuexiu, Haizhu and Liwan) will be about 6.75 million, and the resident population of peripheral cities will be about14.25 million, accounting for about 68%.

Although it is the general trend, various localities are still introducing a series of policies to accelerate this process.

Beijing has planned a city sub-center in Tongzhou, Shanghai has planned five suburban new cities in the suburbs, Guangzhou has tried to "differentiate and settle down" in the peripheral suburbs, and Nanjing Liuhe and other suburbs have taken the lead in opening up zero thresholds to settle down. ...

However, the suburbs must have industrial support to undertake the central city.

If the suburbs are just a barren land, then relieving the population in the central city will only make wedding clothes for other cities.

In this regard, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other places are at the forefront.

The five suburban new cities in Shanghai each have major industries such as new energy vehicles and health care, while the suburbs of Guangzhou are supported by a series of major platforms such as Science City, Knowledge City and Nansha Science City.

In any case, the development of big cities in the future can no longer be achieved simply by annexing neighboring cities or withdrawing counties and districts. High-quality development is the ultimate goal.