The influence of chemotherapy and radiotherapy on the nutritional status of malignant tumor is a double-edged sword, which can not only improve the consumption status of patients by killing tumor cells, but also cause adverse reactions such as nausea/vomiting and affect the nutritional intake.
In view of the malnutrition of cancer patients, on the one hand, we should carefully evaluate the degree and characteristics of their digestive tract adverse reactions, strengthen preventive antiemetic drug treatment, on the other hand, we should pay attention to improving food intake through a good lifestyle.
For example, eat less and eat more, choose healthy and beneficial foods, control food intake, and don't eat cold or overheated foods; The choice of food should be diversified; Appropriate intake of foods rich in protein, minerals and vitamins; Eat more vegetables, fruits and other plant foods.
Pay attention to patients' anxiety, depression, fear and other negative psychological factors, timely and effective communication and psychological counseling, and maintain an optimistic mood.
When the tumor patients have insufficient dietary intake during the anti-tumor treatment and rehabilitation period, and can't meet the target requirements through dietary guidance, it is suggested to give enteral and parenteral nutrition support treatment, mainly including oral nutrition supplement, nasal feeding and intravenous nutrition.
Cancer patients have a typical phenomenon, professionally called cachexia, that is, they will suddenly lose weight at a certain stage, especially in the late stage of cancer, which is more obvious. But is there nothing we can do? The answer is: no, no, definitely not. Nutrition improvement can prolong patients' lives and improve their quality of life.
In order to reduce the development speed of cancer cells, flour and rice such as polished rice and white flour in staple food should be reduced in moderation. Half of it should be replaced with coarse grains. The total amount is controlled at 200 to 400 grams.
Oil in the case of limiting staple food, in order to ensure that cancer patients get enough energy, cancer patients use a little more oil than normal people. Usually between 30 and 40 grams. It is recommended to use a combination of olive oil and linseed oil as much as possible. Cook normally, choose olive oil, and add linseed oil when the soup is cold. Linseed oil, in particular, has been recognized by modern medicine and is helpful to inhibit cancer.
Vegetables should be controlled at about 300 to 500 grams per day. Use cruciferous vegetables as much as possible. Cruciferae is not only broccoli, but also a fashion. Chinese cabbage, spinach, radish and carrot are all cruciferous vegetables.
Meat is the focus of cancer. Encourage the use of some white meat, such as fish, shrimp, chicken, etc. And red meat like pork, mutton and beef should be eaten as little as possible. According to the dietary guidelines for cancer, it should be limited to once a week. Animal viscera (food safety issues) and processed meat products (carcinogens) should be rejected as much as possible.
Because red meat is eaten less, cancer patients have weak hematopoietic capacity, so anemia is particularly prone to occur. At this time, some drugs are needed to supplement and prevent anemia, especially for medical use.
Other fruits, bean products, eggs and milk are recommended to be eaten normally. Soybeans should be controlled at about 50 grams a day, which is about 200 grams when converted into tofu. Where are the eggs? Eat only one egg a day. Grandma tries to drink it every day and control it between 300 grams and 500 grams. For fruits, try to choose fruits with low ph value, such as strawberries and kiwifruit.
nutrition
The most effective nutrition for cancer is enteral nutrition to supplement the nutritional deficiency caused by insufficient food intake. Whether other nutrients should be supplemented or not, it is best to discuss food with nutritionists according to their own condition, rather than simply watching so-called advertisements.