commercial plan
1, business plan
A business plan is a written material prepared by a company, enterprise or project unit in accordance with certain format and content requirements in order to achieve development goals such as attracting investment and financing, and comprehensively shows the current situation and future development potential of the company and project to the audience.
Second, about the project plan
Business plan is an all-round project plan, and its main intention is to submit it to investors, so that they can judge the enterprise or project, so that the enterprise can obtain financing. The business plan has a relatively fixed format, covering almost all the contents that investors are interested in, from enterprise growth experience, products and services, marketing, management team, shareholding structure, organization and personnel, finance, operation to financing scheme. Only a business plan with detailed content, rich data, complete system and exquisite binding can attract investors, let them know about your business operation plan and make your financing demand become a reality. The quality of business plan is very important for your project financing.
(1) Explain the theme, scope and purpose of the paper.
(2) Explain the cause, background and brief historical review of related fields of this study (what have predecessors done? Which ones have not been solved? How's it going so far? )。
(3) Expected results or the significance of this study.
(4) The introduction is generally not segmented, and its length depends on the content of the paper. The introduction of papers involving basic research is long, and the clinical case analysis should be short. The introduction of most foreign papers is relatively long, generally around 1000 words, which may be related to the strict limitation of the number of words in foreign domestic journals.
Third, the difference
Project plan refers to the plan made by the project party to attract investment, financing and other development goals.
The characteristics of a good project plan are: attaching importance to products, daring to compete, fully investigating the market, explaining powerful materials, indicating the policy of action, showing excellent teams, making financial forecasts, allowing partners to better understand the overall situation and business model of the project, and allowing investors to judge the profitability of the project.
How to write the preface of the planning book?
1. Name of the activity: write down the name of the planning book as concretely as possible, such as "XX University Planning Book ×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××
Second, the activity background:
According to the characteristics of the plan, this part should focus on the following matters: specific items include: basic introduction, main implementation targets, recent situation, organizational departments, reasons for activities, social impact, related motives, etc. Secondly, it is necessary to explain the environmental characteristics of the problem, mainly considering the internal advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and threats of the environment, making a comprehensive analysis (SWOT analysis), focusing on various factors of environmental analysis, describing the past and present situation in detail, and making plans through forecasting the situation. If the environment is unknown, it should be analyzed and supplemented through investigation and study.
Three. Purpose, significance and objectives of the activity:
The purpose and significance of the activity should be clearly expressed in concise and clear language; When stating the main points of the purpose, the uniqueness of the core composition or planning of the activity and the resulting significance (economic benefits, social benefits, media effects, etc.). ) write clearly. The activity objectives should be specific, and need to meet the importance, feasibility and timeliness.
Four. Resource requirements:
List the required human and material resources, including the places to use, such as classrooms or activity centers. It can be divided into two parts: existing resources and needed resources.
Verb (short for verb) activity:
As the main body of the plan, the expression should be concise and easy to understand, but the expression should be detailed, and everything that can be thought of should be written, and nothing can be omitted. In this part, not only words, but also statistical charts can be added. The planned work items should be arranged in chronological order, and drawing the implementation schedule is helpful to the verification of the plan. The organization and allocation of personnel, the object of activities, the corresponding rights and responsibilities, time and place should also be explained in this part, and the emergency procedures to be implemented should also be considered in this part.
Some reference aspects can be provided here: venue layout, reception room, guest seating, sponsorship mode, contract agreement, media support, campus publicity, advertising production, hosting, leadership speech, emcee, venue service, electronic background, lighting, sound, video recording, information contact, technical support, order maintenance, clothing, command center, on-site atmosphere adjustment, pick-up and drop-off vehicles, post-game personnel cleaning and so on. Please adjust yourself according to the actual situation.
Intransitive verb budget:
The activity expenses are listed in a clear form after detailed calculation according to the actual situation.
Seven. Problems and details that should be paid attention to in the activity:
The change of internal and external environment will inevitably bring some uncertainty to the implementation of the plan.
Sexual factors, therefore, whether there are emergency measures when the environment changes, what is the loss probability and how much loss is caused, and the emergency measures should also be explained in the plan.
Eight. Person in charge of the activity and main participants:
Indicate the name of the organizer, participants, guests and units (for group planning, indicate the name of the group and the person in charge).
note:
1. This plan provides basic reference, and the small plan can be filled in directly; Large-scale planning books can be designed by themselves, not rigidly adhere to the form, and strive for detailed content and beautiful pages;
2, you can make a cover for the planning book, and strive to be concise and dignified; The planning book can be packaged, such as using the designed logo as the header, illustrated and so on;
3. If there are attachments, they can be attached to the back of the planning book or bound separately;
4. The planning book should be bound from the long side of the paper; Nail 5. A big plan can have several sub-plans.
Reference from: 172 Campus Activity Network 172xiaoyuan/cehuashu/.
How to write the preface of the business plan?
Business plan is the carrier of putting business ideas into practice in black and white. The quality of a business plan often directly affects whether the founder can find a partner and obtain funds to support the business plan. How to write a business plan? It depends on the target, that is, the target of the plan, such as writing it to investors or taking a bank loan. Starting from different purposes, the focus of the plan will be different. However, the business plan also has a general format, which needs to cover the following necessary contents.
Business plan 6C
To write a business plan, you need the 6C specification first.
The first is the concept. Is to let others know what you are selling.
Followed by customers. The scope of customers should be clear, for example, all women are customers, and women over 50 and under 5 are also your customers.
The third is petitors (competitors). Need to ask, has anyone sold your things, whether there are substitutes, whether the relationship between competitors and you is direct or indirect, and so on.
The fourth is ability. Do you understand what you want to sell? For example, if you open a restaurant and the master refuses to do it, can he cook if he can't find anyone? If you don't have this ability, at least your partner should be able to do it, or have the ability to appreciate it, otherwise it is best not to do it.
The fifth is capital. Capital can be cash or tangible or intangible assets. It is necessary to know clearly where the funds are, how much they are, how much they can be borrowed.
Finally, continue (going concern). What are your plans for the future when you do well in your career?
Generally speaking, a business plan has three parts. The first is the part of career, which is the main content of career. Then there are financial data, such as turnover, cost, profit, how much capital turnover is needed in the future and so on. Third, supplementary documents, such as patent certificates, professional licenses or certificates, or letters of intent and letters of recommendation.
Ten chapters of a business plan
Usually a business plan needs to write a one-page summary in front, followed by a specific chapter of the business plan, which is generally divided into ten chapters.
Chapter 1: Occupation description. Need to describe what industry to enter, what products (or services) to sell, who are the main customers, and whether the life cycle of the industry is in the stage of germination, growth, maturity or decline. Also, whether the enterprise should be in the form of sole proprietorship, partnership or company, when and how long it is planned to open.
Chapter II: Products/Services. You need to describe what your products and services are, what features they have, how your products are different from competitors, and why customers will buy them if they are not special.
Chapter 3: The market often needs to know where the target market is, whether to taste existing customers in the existing market or to develop new customers in the new market. Different markets and different customers have different marketing methods. After determining the target, then decide how to go public, promote sales, price, etc. And make a good budget.
Chapter IV: Location. The general company may not have much influence on the location, but if you want to open a store, the location of the store is very important.
Chapter 5: Competition. In particular, we should do the competition analysis in the following three periods: 1. When starting a business or entering a new market; 2. When a new competitor enters the market he operates; 3. Doing competitive analysis anytime and anywhere is the most labor-saving. Competition analysis can be done from five directions: who are the closest five competitors; How is their business? How similar they are to this business; What to learn from them; How to do better than them?
Chapter VI: Management. 98% of the failures of small and medium-sized enterprises come from the lack of management, and 45% of them are due to the lack of competitiveness of management. There is no clear solution at present.
Chapter VII: Personnel. It is necessary to consider the personnel demand now, within six months and in the next three years, and specifically consider which professional and technical talents need to be introduced, full-time or * * *, how to calculate the salary, and the personnel cost needed.
Chapter 8: Financial demand and application. Consider the use of financing funds, working capital turnover, etc. And forecast the income statement, balance sheet and cash flow statement for the next three years.
Chapter 9: Risk. Does not mean that competition is risk. Risks may be import and export exchange risk, restaurant fire risk, etc. And pay attention to how to deal with risks when they come.
Chapter 10: Growth and Development. What's the next step? What will happen in three years? This should also be mentioned in the business plan. Enterprises should be able to operate continuously, so when planning, they should ... >>
How to write the preface of the model essay and the preface of the business plan?
You need to know what their investors are concerned about when they look at BP. Step on time and make your BP stand out.
First of all, your idea should be exactly the field that investors are interested in and concerned about. Therefore, it is very important to find the right investors. There are many apps that connect entrepreneurs and investors. You can go to the next few shops and see if you can contact the right investors. You can go to 36Kr and Angel Exchange. It can also be delivered directly to investment institutions in official website.
Second, when investors read the business plan, they will pay close attention to the market size and competition. If the market is too small, or there are enough participants in the market, or even there is a monopoly, investors may hesitate. So is your idea really competitive? You must do some homework.
Third, investors pay attention to the team. In a team, relationship, team experience, comprehensive ability and ownership structure are the focus of investors' attention. When the team is recommended by acquaintances or acquaintances, it is best to find someone to recommend endorsement, which can improve the chances of success. You can't just have ideas, you have to find a few like-minded friends ~ this also depends on your ability to gather talents.
Fourth, the business model is very important. Don't talk about ideals and feelings, return to the most realistic consideration-how to make a profit.
Fifth, highlight your differentiation advantages or innovations. What is the breakthrough of your project compared with the existing model, and can it solve the current/future problems? Only by showing investors the uniqueness and profit opportunities of the project can they be tempted.
Sixth, we should attach importance to products and data. If the product has been launched, what is your growth rate, retention rate and user activity? These data can reflect whether the product is welcomed by the market.
Finally, the valuation should be reasonable, and don't overcharge. It's not just a matter of scaring off investors. If you sell too many shares, it will also affect the founder's holding and subsequent financing.
The structure of BP introduced here draws lessons from the mobile phone software Crazy BP, a software that teaches you to write a business plan for free.
1. Basic introduction: Tell investors what you do in one sentence.
2. Team introduction: "I would rather invest in first-class people and second-rate projects; Don't invest in first-class projects, second-rate people. " Investors can pay more attention to the team than your project itself.
3. Industry pain points: What practical problems and needs have entrepreneurs discovered? Their own entrepreneurial projects can solve this problem, meet this demand, and make profits by solving problems and meeting needs.
4. Product introduction: (1) Pictures can include: product screenshots, business flow charts, etc. (2) The text can include:-description of core functions (less than 5)-supply chain upgrade, replacing some links.
5. Competition analysis: The purpose of writing competition analysis is to let investors know about the players in the existing market, let them have a bottom, and then have confidence in your project-so what you want to reflect here is the advantages of your project.
6. Profit model: What is the value of your project? How to achieve it? These are the issues that investors are most concerned about. The profit model is very important, after all, investors are "mercenary", and they will only invest if they see that your project is profitable.
7. Market size: You must draw a cake for investors. This part, it is best to have reliable data support.
8. Operational data: Although data is very important, it must not be fabricated. The consequences of fabricating data are very serious.
9. Business plan: The purpose of this piece is to tell investors what you will do next and how to get your users. Therefore, it is best to write what measures entrepreneurs are going to take in the past year to gradually realize the plan, including the operation mode, steps, time nodes and so on.
10. financing plan: this part is to let investors know how much money entrepreneurs need, how much equity they will sell, and the follow-up arrangements for these funds. Especially the third piece, people gave money, of course, I want to know how you spent it.
1 1. Milestone: This part is to sort out the development history of the project and systematically display the operation and data for investors.
The overall structure given is relatively comprehensive, and the content is also based on my personal understanding of investors' habits when watching BP, but this still depends on investors themselves. After all, carrots and vegetables have their own tastes.
...& gt& gt
How to write a planning book? 20 points
First, the name of the plan.
Write the planning name as specifically as possible, such as "XX University Activity Planning Book", and put it in the center of the page. Of course, you can write the main title first, and then write the subtitle below.
Second, the activity background:
According to the characteristics of the plan, this part should focus on the following matters: specific items include: basic introduction, main implementation targets, recent situation, organizational departments, reasons for activities, social impact, related motives, etc. Secondly, it is necessary to explain the environmental characteristics of the problem, mainly considering the internal advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and threats of the environment, making a comprehensive analysis (SWOT analysis), focusing on various factors of environmental analysis, describing the past and present situation in detail, and making plans through forecasting the situation. If the environment is unknown, it should be analyzed and supplemented through investigation and study.
Three. Purpose, significance and objectives of the activity:
The purpose and significance of the activity should be clearly expressed in concise and clear language; When stating the main points of the purpose, the uniqueness of the core composition or planning of the activity and the resulting significance (economic benefits, social benefits, media effects, etc.). ) write clearly. The activity objectives should be specific, and need to meet the importance, feasibility and timeliness.
Four. Resource requirements:
List the required human and material resources, including the places to use, such as classrooms or activity centers. It can be divided into two parts: existing resources and needed resources.
Verb (short for verb) activity:
As the main body of the plan, the expression should be concise and easy to understand, but the expression should be detailed, and everything that can be thought of should be written, and nothing can be omitted. In this part, not only words, but also statistical charts can be added. The planned work items should be arranged in chronological order, and drawing the implementation schedule is helpful to the verification of the plan. The organization and allocation of personnel, the object of activities, the corresponding rights and responsibilities, time and place should also be explained in this part, and the emergency procedures to be implemented should also be considered in this part.
Some reference aspects can be provided here: venue layout, reception room, guest seating, sponsorship mode, contract agreement, media support, campus publicity, advertising production, hosting, leadership speech, emcee, venue service, electronic background, lighting, sound, video recording, information contact, technical support, order maintenance, clothing, command center, on-site atmosphere adjustment, pick-up and drop-off vehicles, post-game personnel cleaning and so on. Please adjust yourself according to the actual situation.
Intransitive verb budget:
The activity expenses are listed in a clear form after detailed calculation according to the actual situation.
Seven. Problems and details that should be paid attention to in the activity:
The change of internal and external environment will inevitably bring some uncertain factors to the implementation of the plan. Therefore, whether there are emergency measures when the environment changes, what is the loss probability and how much loss will be caused, and the emergency measures should also be explained in the plan.
Eight. Person in charge of the activity and main participants:
Indicate the name of the organizer, participants, guests and units (for group planning, indicate the name of the group and the person in charge).
note:
1. This plan provides basic reference, and the small plan can be filled in directly; Large-scale planning books can be designed by themselves, not rigidly adhere to the form, and strive for detailed content and beautiful pages;
2, you can make a cover for the planning book, and strive to be concise and dignified; The planning book can be packaged, such as using the designed logo as the header, illustrated and so on;
3. If there are attachments, they can be attached to the back of the planning book or bound separately;
4. The planning book should be bound from the long side of the paper;
5. A big plan book can have several sub-plans.
Attachment: the basic steps of developing a university activity:
First, when the activities are done, make plans first. Planning is the main line of operation activities, and a good planning is the premise of success.
Second, get support. It is very necessary to get the recognition and support of the leaders; With the support of large media, your activities will become particularly easy and likely to be successful.
Third, organize task teams and assign personnel responsibilities. Rights and responsibilities correspond, and everyone should be very clear about their responsibilities. Note that the assignment of tasks should be people-oriented, and you can't say that you have done something, so you must not do it well. There are several directions: command center, outreach sponsorship group, on-site working group, publicity media group, on-site order and etiquette reception group, and emergency personnel. Print out the list of rights and responsibilities for everyone to see clearly. And meet once a day to report the progress in time so as to process all kinds of information;
Four. Sponsorship or other sources of funds: find sponsors and cooperate with them ... >>
How to write the outline of the project planning scheme?
I. Preface II. Background three. Market position four. Self-analysis, self-positioning. Project overview VII. Specific implementation eight. Establishment of sales channels. Budget X. Effect Prediction
Please accept it, thank you!
What is the difference between the preface and the abstract of a business plan?
The foreword of a business plan generally describes the background, motivation, and future hopes of the companies and individuals who write the business plan, which is what the business plan writers especially want investors to see at first sight.
The foreword of the business plan may or may not be added.
However, a summary of the business plan is usually added, because it is generally impossible for investors to read every business plan (an investor may read hundreds of business plans every month), so it is necessary to have a summary of the condensed points of all parts of the business plan, so that investors can know the whole picture of the project at the first time, and then judge whether it is their own project, and then decide whether to read it (in many cases, what you have worked hard to write will also go into the wastebasket).
Therefore, the business plan abstract is a necessary part of the standardized international standard business plan. First, it should be comprehensive, and the two pages should basically cover the content points of the next dozens of pages. Second, it should be highly concentrated and super concentrated, and the most critical and highly concentrated data and descriptions in the next dozens of pages should be pressed into one or two pages.
How to write the preface about making the project planning scheme of labor service company?
About this, you can mainly write some introductory contents, such as the project of the labor service company, its nature, why do you want to do this project and so on.