2. Men's clothes in Qing Dynasty were mainly robes and mandarin jackets. Robes are characterized by knee-length, round neck, big breasts, buttons, moderate sleeves and slits. According to the regulations, the robes of the royal family have four slits, and the robes of officials have two slits. Opening the robe should be decorated with arrow sleeves, which are shaped like horseshoes, hence the name "horseshoe sleeves", and are generally turned up and put down when saluting. The hem of the robe worn by ordinary people should not be slit, commonly known as "round slit", and the cuffs are loose. A jacket is a coat with double-breasted buttons, a round neck and buttons. Mandarin jackets are mostly made of satin cloth and animal skins. There are many colors of mandarin jackets, such as blue, purple, gray and yellow, among which yellow is the most expensive, commonly known as "yellow mandarin jacket". Ordinary people are not allowed to wear them, but emperors and visiting ministers can wear bright yellow mandarin jackets. In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, many ministers wore yellow jackets.
3. The costumes of Han women in Qing Dynasty generally include cloaks, coats and skirts. A cloak is a kind of coat, similar to a man's jacket. In the cloak, there is a big coat and a close-fitting small coat in turn, and below it is a long skirt to cover your feet. Manchu women's casual clothes are usually robes. Some women who pay attention to decoration often put brocade lace on the skirt, neckline and sleeve edge of robes as an ornament of beauty.
Wearing boots is also a custom of Manchu. Before the Manchu people entered the customs, they often used leather as the surface and then kneaded it into "thorn grass", so this kind of boots was called "skin thorn". After entering the customs, the boots are made of cloth or satin, and at the same time they are no longer wrapped in grass. At that time, as the main residents of Beijing, Han people were still wearing shoes. Generally speaking, when men in Beijing wear casual clothes, they mainly wear shoes. If they wear official clothes, they mainly wear boots. Han women have the habit of binding their feet and wearing bow shoes (pointed shoes). Manchu women do not bind their feet, but wear embroidered shoes with wooden soles, commonly known as "high-top shoes" and "flowerpot shoes".
At the same time, old Beijing cloth shoes are also an indispensable part of the old Beijing shoe-wearing culture. Because cloth is the main material of cloth shoes, it has the characteristics of breathability, leisure, comfort, environmental protection and portability, and is deeply loved by the general public and becomes an indispensable part of people's clothing. Representative brands include Hutchison, Buyingzhai and inline promotion, which have played an important role in the development of shoe culture. Old Beijing cloth shoes were mainly embroidered in the early days, and then gradually developed into cloth shoes that complement each other with various crafts.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Beijingers used to wear trousers regardless of gender. Pants are divided into crotch and trouser legs. Full-length trousers are made of silk or cloth. Women's trousers are often embroidered with various patterns on both sides of the trouser legs, while men's trousers are mostly plain. As for pants, they have no waist and hips, but only two legs. When they are worn, they are tied around the waist with a belt.
During the Republic of China, women in Beijing generally wore tops and skirts. Young women like to wear high-necked slender coats and long black dresses. Later, the robes worn by Manchu women brought forth the old and gradually became cheongsam that reflected the curvaceous beauty of women. After the founding of the Republic of China, the government promulgated the General Order of Hairdressing, and also formulated the Clothing Regulations, which stipulated the styles of dressing for men and women. But these have not been implemented, which has little effect on the dress of ordinary people.