Biological synchronization test one in senior two
The material basis of biology
volume one
First, multiple-choice questions (this question contains 20 small questions, ***40 points. There is only one option for each small question that best fits the meaning of the question. )
1. In the process of biological research, generally go through the following process ()
A. Ask questions, conduct experiments, find problems, solve problems, put forward hypotheses, verify hypotheses and draw conclusions.
B. Conduct experiments, find problems, ask questions, put forward hypotheses, verify hypotheses and draw conclusions.
C. Find problems, conduct experiments, ask questions, put forward hypotheses, verify hypotheses, and draw conclusions.
D. Find problems, put forward hypotheses, conduct experiments, verify hypotheses and draw conclusions.
2. The following characteristics related to biodiversity are ()
A. metabolism B. heredity and variation C. growth and development D. cell structure
Observing a drop of river water under the microscope, I found some small green particles that can move. Which of the following can't be used as the basis for judging whether these small particles are living things ()
A. cell structure B. stress C. small and green D. can grow and reproduce.
4. Element C is the most basic element of organisms, because ()
A. the highest content B. the content is stable C. it is widely distributed D. it is easy to form biomacromolecules.
5. It is known that Mn+ is the activator of many enzymes, for example, it can activate nitrate reductase, and plants lacking Mn2+ can't use nitrate, which shows that inorganic salt ions ().
A it plays an important role in maintaining the life activities of organisms. B. it plays an important role in maintaining cell morphology.
C. It plays an important role in maintaining acid-base balance D. It plays an important role in regulating intracellular osmotic pressure.
6. In normal plasma, the content of nah co 3 is about 20 times that of H2CO3. When the content of nah co 3 in plasma decreases, acidosis will be formed; When the content of H2CO3 in plasma decreases, alkalosis is formed. This fact shows that the role of some inorganic salts is ()
A. adjusting pH value B. adjusting osmotic pressure C. affecting cell morphology D. affecting biofilm permeability
7. The average molecular weight of 20 amino acids is 128, and the relative molecular weight of protein composed of 1000 amino acids is ().
a . 128000 b . 1 100 18 c .≥ 1 100 18d .≤ 128000
8. Oxytocin, vasopressin and vasodilator are protein with the same number of amino acids, but their physiological functions are different. The main reason is ()
A. protein acts on different objects. B. protein is synthesized in different places.
C. The synthesis period of protein is different. D. The molecular structure of protein is different
9. Analyzing the sample of an organic small molecule substance, we know that it contains basic elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus. , and most likely ().
A. protein B nucleic acid C nucleotide D glucose
10. At present, there are 1020 amino acids, of which * * has 1046 amino groups and 1058 carboxyl groups. In a protein molecule containing four peptide chains synthesized by them, the number of peptide bonds, amino groups and carboxyl groups are () respectively.
A. 10 19，27，39 B. 10 19， 1 C. 10 16，26，38 D. 10 16，30，42
1 1. Scientists have recently discovered a fungal compound with a function similar to insulin. This discovery "opens a brand-new door" for the research on the treatment of diabetes, which may enable diabetic patients to be treated only by taking medicine instead of injecting insulin in the future. The following speculation about "fungal compounds", the wrong one is ()
A. the compound has the function of reducing blood sugar concentration. This compound is not protein.
C. This compound is an organic substance with relatively small molecular weight. This compound is protein.
12. Green apple juice turns blue when it meets iodine solution, and ripe apples can react with Phyllin reagent. This shows that ()
A. Green apple juice contains starch but no sugar. B. Cooked apple juice contains sugar, but no starch.
C. When the apple is ripe, the starch is hydrolyzed into monosaccharide D, and when the apple is ripe, the monosaccharide is polymerized into starch.
13. Analyzing the composition of some substances in cells can be used as an auxiliary means to identify whether different individuals of eukaryotes belong to the same species, and the substance that is generally not used is ().
A. protein B. DNA C. RNA D nucleotide
14. When taking fresh blood in clinic, it is necessary to add some sterilized sodium citrate or sodium oxalate to prevent blood coagulation. So sodium citrate and sodium oxalate are called anticoagulants. The following statement about the anticoagulation principle of sodium citrate and sodium oxalate is correct ()
Sodium citrate and sodium oxalate can inhibit the transformation from soluble fibrin to insoluble fibrin.
B, calcium ions in blood can be removed, because calcium ions are needed in the process of blood coagulation.
Sodium citrate and sodium oxalate can destroy platelets, thus inhibiting blood coagulation.
Sodium citrate and sodium oxalate can dissolve insoluble fibrin.
15. Metabolic water produced by oxidation in organisms varies from substance to substance. The highest one per 1 g of this substance can produce 1.07 ml of water. Camels store a lot of this substance in their bodies, so they can move as usual without drinking water for a month. Then matter is ()
A. protein B. Fat C. Glucose D. Liver glycogen
16. protein molecules and nucleic acid molecules of different biological cells, their composition and structure ()
A.it's all the same. B protein is the same, but the nucleic acids are different. C. They are all different. The nucleic acids are the same, but the protein is different.
17. Generally speaking, the polypeptide compound with the molecular formula of C63H 103O 17S2 contains at most peptide bonds ().
A.63 B.62 C. 17 D. 16
18. After the eggs were cooked, protein was denatured and inactivated. This is because the high temperature destroyed the () in protein.
A. peptide bond B. peptide chain C. spatial structure D. amino acid
19. Among amino acids, neutral amino acids have the same number of amino groups and carboxyl groups, acidic amino acids have more carboxyl groups than amino groups, and basic amino acids have less carboxyl groups than amino groups. In this way, the amino acids that make up protein can be divided into acidic, basic and neutral amino acids, and this difference depends on the () of amino acids.
A. carboxyl B. amino C. R. group D. carbon atom
20. Wrap the dough in gauze and wash it with water. The reagents used to identify sticky substances stuck on gauze and washed white pulp are () respectively.
A. iodine solution, Sudan ⅲ solution B. biuret reagent, iodine solution
C. methylene blue solution, Sudan ⅲ d. iodine solution and phenanthrene reagent.
Volume II
Second, non-multiple choice questions: this big question contains 5 small questions, with ***60 points.
2 1.( 10) Please answer a few questions about energy substances in living organisms:
(1) The fundamental energy of life activities of organisms is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; The main energy substance of biological life activity is _ _ _ _ _ _;
The direct energy substance of biological life activities is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) In the process of transforming basic energy into main energy substances, it depends on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; Main energy into direct energy depends on _ _ _ _ _ _ _; The function of direct energy substances is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(3) The substance that stores energy in the living body is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; The substances that store energy in animal and plant cells are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; The energy substance of biological life activities is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
22.( 14) The amino acid numbers of several peptide compounds were determined by automatic amino acid analyzer, as shown in the following table:
Peptide compound
The name of 123456⑦ ⑦
Oxytocin cattle plus
Vasopressin blood vessel
Diastolic smooth muscle
Glycolipoprotein porcine melanin promotion
Cytohormone human melanogenesis
Cytohormone human hemoglobin
albumen
Amino acids 9 9 9 10 13 22 574
(1) The number of amino acids in ①, ② and ③ in the table is the same, but their physiological functions are different, which is due to their _ _ _ _ _.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is different.
(2) The functions of ③ and ④, ⑤ and ⑤ in the table are similar, but each has its own specificity. The difference between them mainly depends on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(3) The most common amino acid in 6 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. If the average molecular weight of each amino acid constituting these six compounds is m, the molecular weight of ⑥ is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ more than ⑥.
(4)⑦ There are four peptide chains, and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ molecular water is removed during the dehydration and condensation of amino acids.
(5) Vasodilator peptides have at least _ _ _ _ _ _ amino groups and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ carboxyl groups.
23.( 15) The data of each element in the table below represents the percentage of this element in the total atoms. Please answer the questions according to the table.
Lithospheric
Composition% oxygen silicon aluminum iron calcium sodium potassium magnesium titanium hydrogen carbon all others
composition
47 28 7.9 4.5 3.5 25 2.5 2.2 0.46 0.22 0. 19
demic
Composition% hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, chlorine, zinc, sulfur, sodium and magnesium and others.
composition
63 25.5 9.5 1.4 0.3 1 0.22 0.03 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.0 1
(1) The fact that the chemical elements that make up the human body all exist in the periodic table of elements, generally in the non-living world, and the living body does not contain special "life elements",
(2) The proportion of elements obtained by organisms from abiotic environment is far from that in the environment. For example, in the lithosphere, hydrogen, carbon and nitrogen together account for less than 1% of the total number of atoms, while in organisms, they account for about 74% of the total number of atoms. This fact shows that.
(3) The reason why the chemical elements that make up the human body contain the most H, O and C is that,
. The reason for the high nitrogen content is.
(4) Calcium in human body exists in the form of calcium in bones and teeth, and adults will get sick if they lack it. Calcium mainly exists in the form of blood, and it will appear if the content is too low.
(5) As can be seen from this table, there is no iron content in human body composition. Does the human body contain no iron? . Why? .
(6) Magnesium in human body can be obtained from (organs) in vegetables because _ _.
24.(5 points) Identification experiment of some organic components in plant cell tissues:
(1) In order to identify the existence of soluble sugar in cell tissues, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ reagent is often dripped on pear pulp slices, and then heated until _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ appears.
(2) In order to identify whether there is fat in the cell tissue, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ slices are commonly used, crushed by tabletting, and 2 drops of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ reagent are added dropwise. After 3-5 minutes, microscopic examination showed that there were fat droplets dyed orange in the cells.
(3) When doing the experiment of identifying intracellular fat, the time after adding the reagent to the experimental materials should not be too long, otherwise no fat drops can be observed, because _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
25.(* * * 16) In Europe and America, onion is known as the "vegetable queen". For westerners, "if you don't see onions for a day, you will be in a bad mood for a day." Medical research shows that onions have extremely high nutritional value. Its hypertrophy bulb contains 8.5% sugar and 9.2% dry matter. Every 100g contains C9.3 mg vitamin A5, 40 mg calcium, 50 mg phosphorus, 8 mg iron and18g amino acids, which is a rare health food. So is the sugar contained in the hypertrophy bulb of onion starch or soluble reducing sugar? Students in the biology interest group take this as their research topic. Please complete the following experimental research report.
(1) experimental purpose: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(2) Experimental principle: starch can be detected by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ reagent, and soluble reducing sugar can be detected by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ reagent.
(3) Experimental equipment: onion, required reagents and instruments, etc.
(4) Experimental steps:
① Identification of soluble reducing sugar: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
② Identification of starch: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(5) Expected experimental results and conclusions:
a.________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________;
b.________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________;
c.________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________;
Reference answer
Title1~ 56 ~1016 ~ 20
Answer DBCDA ACDCD DCDBB CDCCB
2 1.( 10) (1) light energy//sugar//adenosine triphosphate (or ATP); (2) Photosynthesis of green plants//respiration of living things//energy demand of living things; (3) Fat//starch//glycogen//sugar, fat and protein.
22.( 14) (1) Different kinds and arrangement order of amino acids //(2) Different kinds, quantities and arrangement order of amino acids //(3)20//3m-54//(4)570//(5) one//one.
23.( 15) (1) The biological world and the abiotic world are unified //(2) There are also differences between the biological world and the abiotic world //(3)①H2O is the most abundant compound that constitutes cells, accounting for more than 60% of human body weight; ② Four organic compounds (sugar, lipid, protein, etc.) that make up cells. //The material basis of human cell protoplasm is mainly protein and nucleic acid, both of which contain nitrogen; Some lipids also contain nitrogen; In particular, protein is the most abundant organic matter, accounting for more than 50% in dry cell weight, so it contains more nitrogen //(4) calcium carbonate//osteoporosis//ions//convulsion phenomenon //(5) iron in human body. Because iron is a semi-trace element, it is not on the list, and its content is less //(6) leaves//because.
24.(5 points) (1) Lin Fei//Brick red //(2) Peanut kernel//Sudan Red No.3 //(3) Alcohol in Sudan Red No.3 will dissolve fat.
25.( 16) (1) Explore whether the sugar contained in the hypertrophy bulb of onion is starch or soluble reducing sugar; (2) Iodine solution//phenanthrene
(4) (1) Prepare onion tissue sample solution, inject 2ml of the sample solution into a test tube, add 2ml of newly prepared Linfei reagent, heat the test tube in water bath, and observe the color change. //(2) Prepare onion tissue sample solution, inject 2ml of the sample solution into the test tube, drop 1~2 drops of iodine solution, and observe the color change; (5) A. If brick red precipitate is observed in step ① and there is no blue precipitate in step ②, it means that the sugar contained in the plump bulb of onion is only soluble reducing sugar, not starch. ///B. If it is observed that there is no brick red precipitate in step ① and there is blue precipitate in step ②, it means that the sugar in the plump bulb of onion is only starch, and there is no soluble reducing sugar. ///C. If brick red precipitate is observed in step ① and blue precipitate is observed in step ②, it means
Biological synchronization test in senior two.
Structural basis of living things
volume one
First, multiple-choice questions (this question contains 20 small questions, ***40 points. There is only one option for each small question that best fits the meaning of the question. )
1. A group of organelles directly related to energy conversion in green plant cells is ().
A.b. ribosomes and golgi apparatus
C. Golgi apparatus and chloroplasts
2. Among the following four organisms, which one is obviously different from the other three organisms in cell structure ()
A. yeast B. lactic acid bacteria C. Penicillium D. mushroom
3. The main function of the nucleus is ()
A. performing energy conversion; B. Synthetic protein.
C. Storage and replication of genetic material D. Storage of energy materials
4. In order to detect the germination rate of wheat seeds, 100 wheat seeds were soaked in red ink. After a period of time, 95 endosperm and 32 embryos were found to be dyed red, so it was concluded that the germination rate of wheat seeds was too low to be used as seeds. The most correct explanation for this detection principle is ()
A. Both embryo and endosperm have selectively permeable membranes, so that pigments not needed by cells will not be adsorbed and absorbed.
B if the embryo is a living cell, the red pigment will not be selectively absorbed by the embryo.
C The endosperm without cell structure is mainly composed of starch, which can adsorb pigments.
D. There are few living cells in endosperm, and there is no selective absorption of pigment.
The researchers analyzed and observed some cells (A, B, C and D) from four different organisms, and got the following results (in the table, √ means "yes" and "×" means "no").
Results of ribosomal cellulase treatment of nucleolar chlorophyll chloroplast mitochondrial centrosome
A ××× years ×× days × months × days × months × days × months × days × months × days × months × days × months × days × months × days × months × days × days × months × days × days × months × days × days × months × days × days × days × months × days × days × days × months × days × days × days × months × days × days × months × days × days
B √×××√ No change.
C ××× year ×× day × month × day × month × day × month × day × month × day × month × day × month × day × month × day × month × day × month × day × month × day × month × month × day × month × month × month × month × day × month × month × month × month × month × month × month × month × month × month × month × month × month
D √ √× √ Damage to external structure
The organism represented by the above four cells (A, B, C and D) is most likely ().
① Chlamydomonas ② Nitrifying bacteria ③ Lactic acid bacteria ④ Photosynthetic bacteria ⑤ Ascaris ⑤ Rice.
A.②⑤⑥① B.①⑤④⑥ C.①④⑤⑥ D.④⑤⑥①
6. Glycoproteins mainly exist in cell membranes. If cells are cultured in a culture medium containing drug X, and it is found that cells cannot synthesize the sugar side chain of glycoprotein, what kind of organelles may be acted on by this drug in the process of glycoprotein synthesis and transport ().
A. ribosome B. mitochondria C. endoplasmic reticulum D. lysosomes
7. Living cells or viruses without cell structure are broken, and both cells and viruses lose their activity. This phenomenon shows that ()
A cells and viruses are inactivated due to the destruction of chemical components.
B. the life components of the two are the same.
C. In addition to viruses, cells are the basic units of the structure and function of organisms.
D. all living things have their own strict structure.
8. The following is a description of the composition, structure and function of cell membrane, which can reasonably reflect the group whose structure determines function.
That is, ① the cell membrane has certain fluidity; ② the cell membrane is mainly composed of phospholipids and protein molecules; ③ the cell membrane has.
Characteristics of selective permeability/④ The basic scaffold of cell membrane is bilayer phospholipids, which can move with protein molecules on the membrane.
/⑤ Active transportation can be carried out normally ()
A.①④②⑤③ B.②④①③⑤ C.①②③④⑤ D.①③②⑤④
9. Neonatal intestinal epithelial cells can directly absorb immunoglobulin and galactose in breast milk by consuming ATP. The way these two substances are absorbed into the blood is ()
A. active transportation, active transportation B. endocytosis, active transportation
C. Active transportation and internal swallowing D. Passive transportation and active transportation
10. Except which one, the descriptions of the substances or structures in ① ~ ⑨ in the following organisms are all correct ().
① nucleic acid/② protein/③ vacuole/④ chloroplast/⑤ mitochondria/⑤ nuclear membrane/⑦ ribosome/⑧ cell membrane/⑨ cell wall.
A ① and ② exist in phage, Escherichia coli, Chlamydomonas and paramecium.
B 1 ~ 9 all exist in Chlamydomonas.
C ⑦, ⑧ and ⑨ exist in both Escherichia coli and Chlamydomonas.
D. Except ⑥, all of them exist in Chlamydomonas and cyanobacteria.
1 1. Cytoplasmic matrix, mitochondrial matrix and chloroplast matrix ()
A. the functions contained are the same as those of organic compounds. B. the functions contained are different from those of organic compounds.
C. same function, different organic compounds. Different functions, same organic compounds.
12. If amino acids are labeled with radioisotope 15N to study the process of synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes in pancreatic cells, radioisotope 15N appears in () one after another.
A Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum and ribosome B, Golgi apparatus and ribosome
C. Ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus D. Ribosome, Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum
13. The following organelles can produce water during life activities ().
① ribosome/② chloroplast/③ centrosome/④ mitochondria
A.①②④ B.④ C.②④ D.③④
14. The figure on the right shows the curve of DNA content change in biological nuclei during mitosis. The following statement is positive.
It is ()
A.o ~ a segment indicates chromosome replication, and the content is doubled.
B. the main difference between bacteria and B ~ C segment cells is that there is no nuclear membrane and nucleoli.
Chromosome: chromatid: the DNA in the nucleus of C. C. D. is 1:2:2.
There are two groups of centrioles in Volvariella volvacea cells.
15. The following statement about cancer is incorrect ().
A. Cancer cells can grow indefinitely, which is different from normal cells and forms cancer.
B. Carcinogenic virus is the only biological factor that induces cell canceration.
C under the action of carcinogens, proto-oncogenes are activated, and cells will become cancerous.
D 3,4-benzopyrene is a chemical carcinogen, and smokers are prone to lung cancer.
16. The following statement about cell division, differentiation, aging and death is true ()
A. Cell differentiation makes various cells produce different genetic materials, thus producing cells with different shapes and functions.
B. Cell division, differentiation and death during individual development are of positive significance to organisms.
C cell division exists in the whole life process of individual development, and cell differentiation only occurs in the embryonic development stage.
D. the aging of multicellular biological cells and the aging of the body are always synchronized.
17. Tissue culture with highly differentiated plant cells, tissues and organs can form callus. The following statement is incorrect ()
A. Callus is formed by dedifferentiation and division of cells.
B. the cells of callus are not totipotent.
C. Callus is composed of loosely arranged parenchyma cells.
D. Callus can form embryoid structure with rooting and germination ability.
18. A classmate observed the following photos with a microscope, and it is certain that a complete nucleus () can be seen.
A. cells in mitotic phase. Cells in the anaphase of mitosis at the root tip
C. Azotobacter chromoglobosa of oral epithelial cells
19. Multicellular organisms form complex organisms from a fertilized egg, in which () plays a decisive role.
A. Cell division, B cell growth, C cell proliferation and D cell differentiation
20. Sheep mammary gland cells are highly specialized cells, but after the nucleus of mammary gland and the cytoplasm of egg cells are fused into one cell, the nucleus still remains totipotent, mainly because ().
A. The nucleus contains a whole set of genetic materials needed to maintain the development of species.
The cytoplasm of an egg cell contains a whole set of genetic materials needed for species development.
C. the cytoplasm of the egg cell provides nutrition for the nucleus.
D. The nucleus and cytoplasm are interdependent.
Volume II
Second, non-multiple choice questions: this big question contains 5 small questions, with ***60 points.
2 1.( 13) The following figure shows the cell membrane structure of a marine plant and the ion concentration comparison table between seawater and cell fluid. According to the diagram and table, explain the following questions:
Ion concentration (mol/L) of cell sap of seawater and marine plants.
The measured substance potassium ion chloride ion
Seawater 0.0 1.50
Cell fluid 0.59 0.04
(1) In the figure, 1 is _ _ _ _ _ _, 2 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and 3 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) In the figure, 1 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. Fig. 2 Potassium ions and chloride ions play the role of _ _ _ _ _ _ when they pass through the cell membrane of this plant.
(3) According to the data in the table, plant cells absorb _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ions from seawater and discharge _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ions into seawater. It can be seen that the plant cell membrane has the property of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(4) The way potassium ions and chloride ions pass through the cell membrane is _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and the basis of this judgment is _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(5) The basic function of cell membrane is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
22.( 12) American scientists cultured phloem cells of mature carrots, which developed from single cells into complete new plants, as shown in the figure. Please analyze:
(1) The technology used by scientists is called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) The isolated carrot root cells become cell clusters through _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Split complete.
(3) During the development of embryoids and plants,
Morphology, structure and physiological function gradually change in different directions, and this phenomenon is called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(4) Experiments show that plant cells have _ _ _ _ _ _.
(5) During the whole process, cells must obtain various nutrients, such as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(6) In the process of forming test-tube seedlings, certain illumination should be given for the purpose of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
23.( 10) In order to observe the cytoplasmic flow, some students made temporary films as shown in the following table for correct operation. Try to answer:
Observation target of material handling for grouped materials
Fresh black algae with clear water, light and 5℃ cytoplasmic flow.
B fresh black algae with clear water, light and cytoplasm flowing at 25℃
Fresh black algae, clear water, dark color, cytoplasm flowing at 25℃
(1) Hydrilla verticillata is an ideal material for observing cytoplasm flow, and its reason is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) The materials and appliances needed for the above experiment include blades, tweezers, droppers, absorbent paper and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(3) What conclusions can be drawn from observing the cytoplasmic flow of leaves of three groups of hydrilla verticillata (A, B, C)? ___________________________________________________。
(4) Cytoplasmic flow direction and the actual flow direction seen in the best group _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and the cytoplasmic flow direction between two adjacent cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
24.( 10) The picture on the right shows the cell division pattern of an organism. Please analyze it according to the picture:
(1) This diagram shows _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(2) There are _ _ _ _ chromosomes in the somatic cell of the individual where the cell is located. ① and ⑤ staining
The source of the body is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(3) If the genetic information of chromosome ② comes from the father, it includes the correspondence of the genetic information of the mother.
The chromosome is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
25.( 15) There are more chlorophyll in the green leaves of plants. As we all know, the formation of chlorophyll requires high temperature and essential mineral elements. Do you really need light? Students in a school biology study group will explore this problem. Please choose the materials provided by the laboratory to help them design the best experimental methods and steps, predict the possible experimental results and draw corresponding conclusions respectively.
(1) experimental purpose: to explore the effect of light on chlorophyll formation.
(2) Materials and supplies: equipment and medicines commonly used in biological laboratories. The germination rate of a sufficient number of sterile surfaces is
More than 90% of plant seeds, etc.
(3) Experimental steps:
(1) Take two large Petri dishes, spread an appropriate amount of toilet paper (or filter paper), pour an appropriate amount of water, and put the same amount of seeds of a plant into the two Petri dishes respectively. The numbers are a and B. ..
②________________________________________________________________________。
③_______________________________________________________________________。
(4) Possible experimental results and corresponding conclusions:
①________________________ _________________;
②______________________________________________________________________;
③_______________________________________________________________________。
answer
Title1~ 56 ~1016 ~ 20
Answer ABCBD CDBCD BCADD ADCDA
2 1.( 13 points) (1) phospholipid molecule//protein molecule//polysaccharide molecule //(2) basic scaffold//carrier. (3) potassium//chlorine//selection. (4) Active transportation//Potassium ions and chloride ions are transported from low concentration to high concentration. 5] Material exchange//cell recognition//secretion.
22.( 12) (1) cell culture; (2) silk; (3) cell differentiation; (4) Almighty; (5) water and inorganic salts; (6) After the test-tube seedlings are formed, photosynthesis should be carried out to produce organic matter.
23.( 10) (1) Leaves are thin and small, and chloroplasts are numerous and clear, which is easy to observe; (2) Microscope, cover glass and glass slide; ③ Same//opposite.
24.( 10) (1) silk//night; ⑵4// Separate duplicate sister chromatids; (3) (4) and (8).
25.( 15) (3) (2) Place Group A in light environment and Group B in dark environment. In the process of culture, the temperature, humidity and air conditions of the two groups are suitable and the same. //(3) After a few days (when the young leaves are growing), observe and compare the colors of the seedlings germinated by the two groups of seeds. (4)① If the seedlings of group A are normal (green) and those of group B are abnormal (yellow-white), it shows that light is one of the necessary conditions for chlorophyll formation. //② If the seedlings of plants in Group A and Group B are normal (green or similar in leaf color), it means that the formation of chlorophyll is not affected by light. //③ If the seedlings of group A are abnormal (yellow and white) and the seedlings of group B are normal (green), it means that light inhibits the formation of chlorophyll.