The British Challenger's main battle tank began in the late 1960s, but this plan was replaced by the joint plan of Britain and the Federal Republic of Germany (FMBT) in 1970. Later, due to the differences between the two countries in the use time of tanks, the joint plan was cancelled in March 1977 Britain's plan to independently develop MBT-80 tanks from 198 1 was cancelled due to economic problems. I. General Arrangement The general arrangement of Challenger tank developed from FV4030/3 (Iranian Lion 2) tank is similar to that of Chifutan tank, with cockpit in the front of the car body, battle cabin in the middle of the car body, power cabin in the back of the car body, and Chobham armor for the car body and turret. The driver's seat is located in the center of the front of the car body, and it has a 1 single hatch cover, which can be lifted upwards and rotated horizontally forward; There is a 1 wide-angle periscope, which can be replaced by PEBadger passive night vision periscope made in pilkington at night. The cockpit is connected with the battle cabin, and the driver can enter the battle cabin and leave the tank through the passage. The turret is in the middle of the car body, with three passengers. The conductor is on the right side of the gun, the gunner is under the conductor, and the loader is on the left side of the gun. The captain and the loader each have 1 hatch covers. The latter is a double-fan structure with a split front and rear. In front of it, a rotating periscope with the magnification of 1× is installed. Second, the weapon system is 1. At present, the main weapon of Challenger tank is1L11A5120mm line-bore tank gun, but later models will be equipped with 1 XL30 high-bore line-bore tank gun. XL30 tank gun was developed by RoyalOrdnanceNottingham Arsenal, formerly known as EXP32M 1 gun. The gun barrel is equipped with a thermal sheath, an exhaust device and a muzzle correction device. The gun body adopts new electroslag remelting steel, and the lock mechanism of the gun tail adopts new structure, which can bear high bore pressure. The service life of the barrel is 500 rounds of fully loaded ammunition (EPC), and it will not be scrapped due to material fatigue before the wear of the inner bore reaches the limit. The service life of the barrel is 10 times that of the barrel. 2. Ammunition This tank gun can fire L/KOOC-0/5A4 armor-piercing projectile, L20A/KOOC-0/armor-piercing projectile, L3/KOOC-0/armor-piercing projectile, L32A5 armor-piercing projectile, L34 white phosphorus smoke projectile and newly developed L23A/KOOC-0/tail stabilized armor-piercing projectile. There are 42 cartridges and 64 projectiles on the tank, and each cartridge can hold 1 penetrator or 2 penetrators or smoke bombs. The typical mixed storage mode of ammunition is 20 rounds of armor-piercing ammunition and 44 rounds of armor-piercing ammunition or smoke bombs. 3. Fire Control System This tank adopts the improved fire control system (IFCS) developed by Marconi Command and Control System Company. This system is designed for the second stage improvement of Chifutan tank, with the emphasis on improving the night combat capability of the tank and improving the commander's control tower (see the item "British Chifutan main battle tank" for details). The main goal of the improved fire control system is to greatly shorten the reaction time from capturing the target to shooting, so that the gun can have a higher initial hit rate when shooting the fixed target of 3000 meters and the moving target of 2000 meters. The tracking speed of this system is 30 mil /s for horizontal target, 65,438+00 mil/s for vertical tracking, 0.2 ~ 480 mil /s for turret horizontal rotation and 0.2 ~ 200 mil /s for artillery vertical pitching. The whole fire control system consists of data processing subsystem (DHSS), aiming subsystem (TLS), sensor subsystem and gun control device (GCE). The data processing subsystem includes 12- 12P digital computer and its interface, command control and monitoring device, command/gunner shooting handle and other components. The aiming subsystem is also called tank laser ranging aiming device. The range of laser rangefinder is 300-10000m, and the accuracy is10m. The sensor subsystem can measure the angular velocity of the target, the tilt angle of the cannon trunnion, wind speed, air pressure and air temperature. The gun control device is controlled by a computer. Conductors have 1 37 daytime sight, magnification 1× and Frank? Rankplin's image enhanced night vision sight. Challenger tank early model equipment rank? No.37 night vision device (SS 120), with a magnification of 5 times, is made by Prin Company and used by commanders to monitor, capture and aim at night. In addition, there are nine periscopes on the control tower, which can provide the command with the ability to look around. Interchangeable sight No.37 is a transitional method of thermal image monitor and artillery sight (also called thermal image observation and shooting sight TOGS) developed by BarrandStroud Company authorized by British Ministry of Defence. In order to install the system, the turret was redesigned. A single thermal camera in the armored shell on the right side of the turret will provide a general observation output signal for the commander and gunner respectively, or be used as a gun sight. The second batch of general modules for tank thermal image observation and shooting sight began to be delivered at the end of 1983 by Frank? Taylor? RankTaylorHobson provides infrared search module and MarconiAvionics provides computing electronic equipment. This kind of sight has been installed on the newly produced and early produced challenger tanks. 1In April 1987, the British Ministry of Defence announced that the production contract of the last batch of thermal image observation and shooting sights was about 35 million pounds, which was the third batch of sights ordered for Challenger and Chifutan tanks. Barr, stroud and Avimo each produce half the orders. The total amount of such sights provided by Barr and Straw Company accounts for 85% of the demand of the Ministry of National Defense. The gunner has a tank laser ranging sight with 1 MK 1 periscope, with two magnifications of 1 0×, and the field of view is 8.5; And 1 emergency periscope 87 is placed in the armored shell, but it can be quickly deployed and aimed at the reference of the artillery. Different from the ordinary telescope of Chifutan tank, this kind of mirror is projected from above the armored hatch cover at the top of the turret, so as to avoid damaging the integrity of the front armor of the turret. 4. Auxiliary weapons Auxiliary weapons are 1 7.62mmL8A2 machine guns installed side by side with the main weapons and 1 7.62mmL37A2 anti-aircraft machine guns installed on the commander's control tower. 3. The power transmission assembly of the propulsion system includes engine, transmission device and cooling device, weighing 5.49 tons ... Under the field conditions, the whole power transmission assembly can be replaced within 45 minutes with the light auxiliary disassembly equipment of REME. 1. Engine This tank uses a 12V- 1200 turbocharged diesel engine produced by PerkinsEngines, with a power of 882kW( 1200 HP) at 2300 rpm. The engine has two turbochargers, with a single cylinder power of 73.5kW( 100 HP) and electronic control device. 2. The matching transmission device of Kangda engine is TN37 transmission device, which is made by David? Developed and produced by DavidBrownGearIndustries Company, it consists of hydraulic torque converter, planetary transmission machinery and STN37 steering device. Hydraulic torque converter with lock-up clutch, made by Borg? Produced by Borgwarner; The transmission mechanism has four forward gears and three reverse gears; The steering device is a CAV transmission control system developed by CommercialHydraulics. By monitoring the speed of the output shaft of the transmission mechanism and the position of the accelerator pedal, the corresponding gear can be automatically selected, so that the engine is always in the best working state. The friction of wet multi-disc friction brake is made of bronze plated steel plate and works under the condition of hydraulic oil lubrication and cooling. In addition, the car is equipped with a manual braking device for parking and emergency use. 3. Cooling device The cooling device is produced by maston Company, and the fan is Eskro? Jointly developed by AirLogLimited and produced by Defense System Branch of Vexcor Company, it is characterized by greatly increasing the travel of load-bearing wheels (the total travel is 450mm) and obviously reducing the vibration of the car body, and does not occupy the space inside the car. There are 6 aluminum alloy double-ring rubber-coated load-bearing wheels, 4 support wheels, 1 front inducer wheel and 1 rear driving wheel on both sides of the car body. The new track can be interchanged with the track of Chivotan tank. Four. Protection system 1. Armor protection The Chobham armor used in tank body and turret is considered as the most remarkable achievement in tank design and protection since World War II. Compared with the steel armor with the same weight, it greatly improves the ability to resist armor-piercing projectiles and armor-piercing projectiles, but the volume and weight increase little. For example, the challenger tank Biqifutan MK5 only gains 7 t.2.. Smoke Bomb Launcher 1 A set of electric shock smoke bomb launchers consisting of five launchers are installed on both sides of the front of the turret, and each set of launchers can cover an area of 100. It predicts that this equipment will be replaced by a visible and infrared smoke screen "no specific pathogen" developed by the Royal Arsenal. 3. Measures to prevent secondary effects All medicines are stored in special containers under the turret seat ring, and the liquid in the container wall can reduce the fire risk. In later production models, the charging container is also equipped with an armored protective layer. Edit the performance data of this model: Challenger crew: 4 people, total combat weight: 62000kg, net weight: 60000kg, unit power: 14.2kW/ T, unit pressure: 95.2kPa, captain, gun forward: 1 1.560m, gun backward: 9.800m, captain: 8.327m.