Gourd, pumpkin, jade melon, pumpkin, zucchini

Sexual taste

Sweet and cold bamboo shoots and melons (Figure 2)

Pumpkin is also known as Indian Pumpkin, Jade Pumpkin and North Pumpkin. Cucurbitaceae, Cucurbitaceae. Annual vine herb, cultivated for young melons or seeds, can climb. Young melons are suitable for frying, stuffing or feed, and dry seeds can be fried. Bamboo shoots and melons have developed roots and grow rapidly. The stem is almost round. Leaves are soft and hairy, round or heart-shaped, with shallow or no cracks and no white spots. Corolla lobes are soft, drooping outward, sepals are long and narrow, buds are open, and the apex is cut. Pedicel short, cylindrical, base not swollen. The leaves are round or heart-shaped The fruit is oblong, yellow and white, and can be used as a vegetable. The surface of the fruit is smooth, and the mature fruit has no aroma and low sugar content. The edge color of the seed coat is the same as that of the middle part, the hilum is skewed, and the seed is larger. Sunsquash is an immature zucchini, which is picked before it can grow into a giant vegetable that British people like. You can buy it all summer without peeling it. It can be eaten raw, steamed or roasted, sliced and fried in batter, or added to soups, stews and Rata tuya. Like zucchini, bamboo shoots and melons can also be eaten with batter and fried.

Edit the origin of species in this paragraph.

Sunsquash (Figure 3)

Sunflower originated in Bolivia, Chile and Argentina in South America, and is cultivated all over the world. China's sunlight may have been imported from India.

Edit the variety classification of this paragraph.

White bamboo shoots and melons

The varieties of bamboo shoots are divided into white skin, yellow skin and flower skin according to skin color, and into large bamboo shoots and small bamboo shoots according to size. The varieties commonly used in the Yangtze River valley are white-skinned bamboo shoots, white-skinned bamboo shoots and yellow-skinned bamboo shoots in Nanjing, white-skinned bamboo shoots, yellow-skinned bamboo shoots and six-skinned bamboo shoots in Anhui, and northern melons in Huai 'an. In addition, there is a kind of red pumpkin, which has a protruding navel, hard skin and storage resistance. It is placed on the dining table for viewing and belongs to bamboo shoots.

Edit the morphological characteristics of this paragraph

Sunsquash (Figure 4)

Cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae is an annual creeping herb. There are translucent coarse hairs on the stem. Tendrils bifurcate. Leaves papery, triangular or ovate. Flowers monoecious, solitary, yellow. The shape of fruit varies with varieties, and the seeds are white. Bamboo shoots and melons have developed roots and grow rapidly. The stem is almost round. Leaves are soft and hairy, round or heart-shaped, with shallow or no cracks and no white spots. Corolla lobes are soft, drooping outward, sepals are long and narrow, buds are open, and the apex is cut. Pedicel short, cylindrical, base not swollen. The surface of the fruit is smooth, and the mature fruit has no aroma and low sugar content. The edge color of the seed coat is the same as that of the middle part, the hilum is skewed, and the seed is larger.

Edit habitat distribution in this section.

Domestic distribution: widely cultivated in the north and south of China. Distribution abroad: India.

The functional purpose of editing this paragraph

Fruit is used as a vegetable. This species is a variety of zucchini and can also be used as an ornamental plant.

Edit the function of traditional Chinese medicine in this paragraph

Tonifying the middle energizer and benefiting qi, used for spleen and stomach weakness syndrome; Regulate the stomach, and be used for poor appetite caused by stomach heat.

Edit this nutritional analysis

Sunsquash (Figure 5)

Every100g of pumpkin contains the following nutrients: edible part 9 1? , moisture (grams) 96. 1, energy (kilocalories) 12, energy (kilojoules) 50, protein (grams) 0.5, carbohydrate (grams) 3. 1, dietary fiber (grams) 0.7, ash (grams Riboflavin (mgP) 0.04, vitamin C (mg) 5, vitamin E(T) (mg) 0.29, a-E0.04, (β-γ)-E0. 17, δ-E0.08, calcium (mg) 14.

Edit this pickling technique.

Bamboo shoots

In order to increase the variety of pickled bamboo shoots, the pickling methods of pickled bamboo shoots, sweet and sour bamboo shoots, pickled bamboo shoots, fish oil bamboo shoots and pickled bamboo shoots were introduced. Soaking bamboo shoots is made by slicing bamboo shoots, soaking them in alum water, removing alum with clear water, soaking them in salt water and soaking them. The product is yellow, fragrant, crisp, spicy and slightly sweet. Sweet and sour bamboo shoots are made by slicing bamboo shoots, pickling, drying in the sun and pickling with sweet and sour water. The product is slightly salty, sweet and sour, and crisp. Bamboo shoots in soy sauce are made by slicing, pickling, cutting, marinating and pickling bamboo shoots. The product is red in color, rich in sauce flavor, crisp, tender and sweet. Fish oil bamboo shoots are made by slicing bamboo shoots, pickling, marinating and pickling with fish oil. The product is fresh, fragrant and smooth. Sauced bamboo shoots are made by slicing bamboo shoots and pickling them, then dipping them in soy sauce. The product is light red or golden yellow in color and tender in meat.

Edit this storage method

(1) young melons can be harvested at the initial stage of harvesting1.5-2.5kg; You can harvest melons in the later stage. (2) Storage characteristics and storage methods include ground storage and shelf storage. Stacking is to spread a layer of hay, straw mats or clean river sand on the ground, and then pile the pumpkins one by one according to their growth. You can also put the melons in the laundry list and fold the laundry list, which will take up less space. Properly ventilate to avoid water droplets adhering to the melon surface due to temperature changes in the morning and evening. It is usually packed in baskets, but it is also packed in cartons. After the small melon is wrapped in paper, put it in the carton between the head and the tail. Be careful not to let the hard melon handle stab the melon. Generally, it is stored and transported at normal temperature, and the storage period is two or three months. If stored and transported at low temperature, it can be kept fresh for 5-6 months at 10- 15℃. Note that temperatures below 5℃ will suffer from freezing damage.

Edit the cultivation techniques in this section.

Sowing and seedling raising

Sowing can be carried out from February to May, and early cultivation should be carried out from late February to early March. Soak seeds at room temperature for 7-8 hours, and accelerate germination at 28-32 degrees Celsius. It can be broadcast live in Daejeon from the middle of March.

planting density

Tillage the soil before planting, and apply more decomposed organic fertilizer as base fertilizer. If the organic fertilizer is insufficient, apply 50 kilograms of compound fertilizer per mu. Planting density should be determined according to the cultivation purpose and management requirements. If the purpose is to go on the market early, hang vines in greenhouses or plant them in scaffolding, with about 2000 plants per mu. Remove all the side vines, leaving only the main vines to bear melons. If some pruning is carried out by hanging vines or scaffolding, about 1000 plants will be planted per mu; If it is creeping cultivation and extensive management, plant 400-500 plants per mu. Sunsquash (Figure 6)

Sunsquash (Figure 7)

Fertilizer and water management

After planting, the seedlings should be cultivated with fertilizer and water for 2-3 times in time, and the supply of fertilizer and water should be properly controlled before fruit setting, so as not to grow excessively, especially in greenhouses. Because of high temperature and high humidity, plants grow fast and the number of nodes increases, it is actually futile, and the content of paclobutrazol 10- 15 is needed. Spraying paclobutrazol has a good effect. On the one hand, it can control overgrowth, on the other hand, it can improve the female flower rate. But we must pay attention to the concentration of paclobutrazol, which is low for the first time, and then increase it appropriately according to the growth to prevent the one-time concentration from being too high. If there are many female flowers and few male flowers in the early stage, artificial pollination or 2,4-D coating is used. After planting melons, strengthen the supply of fertilizer and water, topdressing every 10 day 1 time, and spraying "compound gold leaf fertilizer" 1 time, so that melons can be planted continuously, and artificial pollination is needed for greenhouse cultivation.

Trim and cross

For the high-density planting of scaffolding or hanging vines, the main purpose is to grab the market early, increase the early output and sell at a good price. All the lateral vines must be removed in time, leaving only the main vines. In general management, remove the lateral vines at the base of the main vine in time, and leave 3-5 lateral vines on the main vine. Extensive management can be done without pruning. No matter fine management or extensive management, the 1-2 melons (female flowers) at the base of the main vine are easy to age, so it is necessary to pick them in time, otherwise it will affect the subsequent melons.

Picking tender melons

Bamboo shoots and melons should be eaten with tender melons, and the best consumption is 200-300g, which is as crisp and refreshing as winter bamboo shoots. As the melon grows older, its quality drops obviously. Therefore, young melons should be harvested in time to maintain good quality.

Epidemic prevention and control

Sunsquash (Figure 8)

Bamboo shoots have strong resistance and few pests and diseases, but powdery mildew, virus disease, Bemisia tabaci and aphids should also be controlled. It can be controlled with 75% chlorothalonil, 20% virus A, 10% chlorpyrifos and 10% imidacloprid respectively. Phytophthora blight is a very important disease in melon production, which occurs in vegetable producing areas all over China. The losses caused by epidemic years ranged from 15-30% to 40-50% or even destroyed. The resistance of different melon varieties or varieties of the same variety to Phytophthora blight is very different. Generally, cucumber, zucchini and wax gourd are more susceptible to diseases, followed by loofah, pumpkin, bitter gourd and gourd. Fusarium wilt of bamboo shoots and melons can occur in the whole growth period of melons. Taking cucumber as an example, diseases before emergence can cause rotten seeds and buds; When infected at seedling stage, dark green and amorphous lesions similar to those scalded by hot water can appear at the stem base and growth point, and the affected parts will soon become dark brown and soft, gradually shrinking, leading to the death of seedlings; In the adult stage, it mainly infects the stem base, tender stem nodes and heart, and also produces dark green to dark grayish brown moist lesions, which become soft and atrophy, and the vines or growing points above the lesions gradually wither and die. The diseased leaves often produce round or irregular, dark grayish brown moist lesions on the leaf edge, which can reach 2-3 cm in diameter. Petiole disease will wither the leaves. Melons and fruits often get sick at pedicels first, resulting in dark brown moist concave lesions. If several diseased spots are connected together, the melon will become soft and rotten, and white and sparse mold layers and hyphae will grow on each infected part when the weather is wet. Sunsquash (Figure 9)

Phytophthora blight overwinters in soil with oospores and chlamydospores, or overwinters in diseased residues with mycelium. Oospores can survive in soil for more than 5 years. Overwintering bacteria are spread through irrigation water or soil culture for primary infection. Seeds can also carry bacteria, which are the source of long-distance spread of diseases. After the initial infection, a large number of new sporangia are produced, which are spread by airflow, wind and rain splash or ditch water. Sporangium germination can be reinfected frequently under the conditions of water droplets, high humidity and high temperature. Comprehensive control measures should be taken to control the disease by strengthening cultivation management and selecting disease-resistant varieties, combined with timely spraying. (1) rotation. Avoid continuous cropping or adjacent cropping of melons, and rice rotation in old vegetable areas can be more than 1 year, which can reduce the source of bacteria in soil and ditch water. (2) Deep furrow and high ridge planting. Before planting, clear the diseased body, turn over the soil, apply sufficient organic fertilizer, level the border surface and ensure smooth drainage. (3) Strengthen site management. When early diseased plants are found, they should be removed immediately, and a small amount of lime should be sprinkled on the diseased points to prevent the spread of bacteria. Sun melon flower

When the conditions are suitable, epidemic diseases spread rapidly in the field, and the disease should be controlled by spraying drugs immediately at the initial stage of the disease. Carbendazim belongs to benzimidazole fungicides, and its main mechanism is to interfere with the formation of spindle during mitosis, thus affecting cell division. Has protective and therapeutic effects, and can prevent and treat various crop diseases. It is effective for many ascomycetes and fungi, but not for diseases caused by oomycetes and bacteria. The pathogen of melon Fusarium wilt is Phytophthora melonis, which belongs to Phytophthora of Verticillium, so carbendazim has no effect. At present, the registered pesticides for controlling cucumber and other melon diseases mainly include Pulik (722g/L propamocarb aqueous solution) and Jin Lei (68% metalaxyl mancozeb water dispersible granules). In addition, you can also choose 800- 1000 times solution of baolian (10% polyoxin wettable powder), foscarnet sodium, antiviral alum, and toxic mold.

Edit this classic food

Fried shredded chicken with bamboo shoots and melons

Various pumpkin foods (17 pieces) Ingredients: chicken 150g, pumpkin 200g, leek flower 10g, red pepper 1, 5 cloves of garlic, appropriate amount of starch seasoning: edible oil 30g, chicken oil. Marinate shredded chicken with a little salt, monosodium glutamate, cooking wine and wet starch; 2. Put oil in the pot, heat it, add shredded chicken, and fry until it is 80% mature; 3. Put oil in the pan, heat it, add garlic, shredded bamboo shoots, shallots and shredded red peppers, stir fry, add salt, monosodium glutamate and sugar, add shredded chicken, stir fry evenly, thicken with water starch, and pour the heated chicken oil. Don't fry shredded chicken for too long, otherwise it won't be tender.

Braised bamboo shoots and melons with laver

Raw materials: 500g of zucchini, 25g of shrimp skin, 8g of sesame oil, 3g of soy sauce 1 5g, 3g of salt, 0g of monosodium glutamate10g of sugar10g, 5g of cooking wine, 0g of onion15g, and garlic (white skin) starch (corn Features: ruddy color, fresh and delicious. Operation: 1. Wash the pumpkin, remove the pulp and cut it into diamond-shaped pieces; 2. Set the wok on fire, add peanut oil and heat it to 70% heat; 3. Add bamboo shoots and melon slices, stir-fry, remove and drain oil; 4. Leave 30 grams of oil in the original pot, heat it, and stir-fry the onion and garlic slightly; 5. Add bamboo shoots and melons, cook wine and soy sauce, add dried seaweed, white sugar, refined salt and water 100g, and stew until the soup is exhausted; 6. Add monosodium glutamate and starch to thicken, pour in sesame oil and serve.

Baked cucumber and tomato

Ingredients: an Italian pumpkin, a tomato, a tablespoon of minced garlic, salt and pepper, 30 grams of olive oil. Practice: cut bamboo shoots and tomatoes into 0.5 cm thick circular pieces. Staggered bamboo shoots and tomato slices into a greased circular baking tray, sprinkled with minced garlic, salt and pepper, and then drizzled with olive oil. Bake in an oven preheated to 200 degrees Celsius for 15 minutes.

Braised beef and fried bamboo shoots.

Raw materials: bamboo shoots, braised beef, seasonings, etc. Practice: 1, the supermarket buys sliced braised beef; 2. Wash and slice bamboo shoots; 3, the pot is hot, put oil, and saute ginger and garlic; 4. Stir-fry the braised beef first, then pour in the bamboo shoots and melons; 5. Add a small amount of soy sauce, pepper and Chili sauce and stir well. Get out of the pot.

Hot and sour pumpkin soup

Name of dish: hot and sour sunflower soup technology: cooking taste: hot and sour taste category: heatstroke prevention, spleen strengthening, appetizing, weight loss and health care in summer. Ingredients for home cooking: pumpkin 400g seasoning: ginger 10g garlic 10g sugar 30g vinegar 40g monosodium glutamate 5g sesame oil 25g soy sauce 20g Chili oil1g. 0 grams per piece: 1. Wash and peel the bamboo shoots, cut them, dig out the pulp, then cut them into 4 pieces and cut them into 2 mm thick pieces; 2. Put a little salt on the washed bamboo shoots and melons, marinate for 5 minutes, squeeze out the water, and put them into the soup basin for later use; 3. Put the pot on the fire and boil the soup; 4. Cook the sliced ginger and garlic in a pot, add soy sauce, sugar, vinegar, sesame oil, salt and pepper to boil, and beat off the foam; 5. Put chopped green onion into the pot, sprinkle monosodium glutamate on the melon slices, and slowly pour the slightly opened soup into the bamboo shoot and melon soup pot. Process prompt: 1. Sunflowers are also called Indian pumpkins; Has the function of reducing weight and blood fat. 2. Choose fresh and tender bamboo shoots to make. Ginger and garlic can be removed, not put in the soup basin. Try method: breakfast | Chinese food | dinner recipe nutrition: pumpkin is rich in trace elements cobalt and pectin, and the content of cobalt is unmatched by any other vegetable. It is an essential trace element for islet cells to synthesize insulin. Eating pumpkin often helps to prevent and treat diabetes. Pectin can delay the absorption of sugar and lipid in intestine. Secondly, the vitamin A content in pumpkin is better than that in vegetables. Eating pumpkin can prevent hypertension and some liver and kidney diseases. Therefore, pumpkin has many functions, such as detoxifying, protecting gastric mucosa, helping digestion, preventing and treating diabetes, lowering blood sugar, eliminating carcinogens and promoting growth and development. The recipes are similar: pumpkin should not be eaten with mutton and shrimp; Eating with crabs, eels and hairtail is easy to be poisoned; Eating with venison will lead to death; Pumpkin should not be eaten with foods rich in vitamin C.

Edit epidemic prevention and control techniques in this section.

Phytophthora blight is a very important disease in melon production, which occurs in vegetable producing areas all over China. The losses caused by epidemic years ranged from 15-30% to 40-50% or even destroyed. The resistance of different melon varieties or varieties of the same variety to Phytophthora blight is very different. Generally, cucumber, zucchini and wax gourd are more susceptible to diseases, followed by loofah, pumpkin, bitter gourd and gourd. winter squash

Phytophthora blight can occur in the whole growth period of melon. Taking cucumber as an example, diseases before emergence can cause rotten seeds and buds; When infected at seedling stage, dark green and amorphous lesions similar to those scalded by hot water can appear at the stem base and growth point, and the affected parts will soon become dark brown and soft, gradually shrinking, leading to the death of seedlings; In the adult stage, it mainly infects the stem base, tender stem nodes and heart, and also produces dark green to dark grayish brown moist lesions, which become soft and atrophy, and the vines or growing points above the lesions gradually wither and die. The diseased leaves often produce round or irregular, dark grayish brown moist lesions on the leaf edge, which can reach 2-3 cm in diameter. Petiole disease will wither the leaves. Melons and fruits often get sick at pedicels first, resulting in dark brown moist concave lesions. If several diseased spots are connected together, the melon will become soft and rotten, and white and sparse mold layers and hyphae will grow on each infected part when the weather is wet. Phytophthora blight overwinters in soil with oospores and chlamydospores, or overwinters in diseased residues with mycelium. Oospores can survive in soil for more than 5 years. Overwintering bacteria are spread through irrigation water or soil culture for primary infection. Seeds can also carry bacteria, which are the source of long-distance spread of diseases. After the initial infection, a large number of new sporangia are produced, which are spread by airflow, wind and rain splash or ditch water. Sporangium germination can be reinfected frequently under the conditions of water droplets, high humidity and high temperature. Comprehensive control measures should be taken to control the disease by strengthening cultivation management and selecting disease-resistant varieties, combined with timely spraying. (1) rotation. Avoid bamboo shoots and melons.

Multiple cropping or adjacent cropping, rice rotation in the old vegetable area 1 year or more, can reduce the source of bacteria in soil and ditch water. (2) Deep furrow and high ridge planting. Before planting, clear the diseased body, turn over the soil, apply sufficient organic fertilizer, level the border surface and ensure smooth drainage. (3) Strengthen site management. When early diseased plants are found, they should be removed immediately, and a small amount of lime should be sprinkled on the diseased points to prevent the spread of bacteria. When the conditions are suitable, epidemic diseases spread rapidly in the field, and the disease should be controlled by spraying drugs immediately at the initial stage of the disease. Carbendazim belongs to benzimidazole fungicides, and its main mechanism is to interfere with the formation of spindle during mitosis, thus affecting cell division. Has protective and therapeutic effects, and can prevent and treat various crop diseases. It is effective for many ascomycetes and fungi, but not for diseases caused by oomycetes and bacteria. The pathogen of melon Fusarium wilt is Phytophthora melonis, which belongs to Phytophthora of Verticillium, so carbendazim has no effect. At present, the registered pesticides for controlling cucumber and other melon diseases mainly include Pulik (722g/L propamocarb aqueous solution) and Jin Lei (68% metalaxyl mancozeb water dispersible granules). In addition, you can also choose 800- 1000 times solution of baolian (10% polyoxin wettable powder), foscarnet sodium, antiviral alum, and toxic mold.