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Primary school students' health knowledge
To prevent colds, although you can't subdue them, there are still ways to prevent and relieve symptoms. When another cold-prone season comes, you can try some ways to deal with colds.

Soak your feet with hot water: soak your feet with hot water every night (the temperature is almost unbearable) 15 minutes. Pay attention to the fact that the amount of water should not exceed the foot surface when soaking feet, and the feet should be red after soaking feet, which can prevent colds.

Eat raw green onions: when eating raw green onions, you can pour oil on finely cut green onions and eat them with cold dishes such as tofu, which is not only delicious, but also can prevent colds.

Rinse your mouth with salt water: rinse your mouth with light salt water every morning and evening and after meals to remove oral germs. When the flu is prevalent, you should pay more attention to gargling with salt water. At this time, it is best to rinse your mouth with salt water and fully rinse your throat.

Cold water bath: wash your face with cold water every day, and wash your nostrils with your hands one by one, that is, gently inhale a little water from your nostrils (be careful not to inhale too deeply to avoid choking), then spit it out and repeat it.

Massage the nasal groove: rub your hands together, and massage Xiang Ying point (located in the nasal groove and at the midpoint of the outer edge of the transverse nose) for more than ten times after the palm gets hot, which can prevent colds and relieve the symptoms of nasal congestion after colds.

Breathe steam: when you catch a cold for the first time, pour boiling water into the cup and take a deep breath into the hot air until the water in the cup gets cold. Several times a day can relieve the symptoms of nasal congestion.

Hot air blowing on your face: At the beginning of a cold, you can use a hair dryer to blow hot air on your temples for 3 to 5 minutes each time, several times a day, which can relieve symptoms and accelerate recovery.

Rubbing hands: Rubbing hands is very effective in reducing the incidence of colds. Because rubbing hands can promote blood circulation, dredge meridians and enhance the immune function of the upper respiratory tract against colds.

Drink boiled water: the climate is dry in autumn and winter, and the human body is prone to water shortage. Drinking boiled water often can not only ensure the needs of human body, but also play the role of diuresis, detoxification and elimination of waste in the body.

Eat more "red food": Red food refers to red, orange-red or brownish-red food, such as red pepper, carrot, pumpkin, tomato, onion, hawthorn, red apple, jujube, seabuckthorn and persimmon. A common feature of these foods is that they are rich in β-carotene, which can prevent and treat colds. This is because carotene has many functions, such as capturing oxygen free radicals in human body and participating in the synthesis of vitamin A. It can also enhance the vitality of human macrophages and play a role in resisting colds.

Onion drink: Onion water is not very delicious, but it has special effects on treating intractable colds. As we all know, onion has the function of sterilization and anti-inflammation. How to make onion drink: cut half an onion into small pieces, add 250 ml of milk, cook for a while, and add appropriate amount of honey. It's best to drink before going to bed.

Ginger egg therapy: Take 50g of ginger and boil it in water, add 2 duck eggs, stir well, add 20ml of white wine and a little salt, and fry for 5min. After eating eggs and drinking soup, the quilt cover will rest, which has an excellent preventive and therapeutic effect on winter colds.

Ginger syrup: first add a proper amount of water to brown sugar, then add ginger after boiling, and drink it while it is hot after 10 minutes to prevent colds.

Vinegar Fumigation: Fumigate the room with vinegar every morning and evening 1 time for 20 minutes each time, which can eliminate indoor viruses.

Physical exercise: Insisting on physical exercise, such as walking, running, climbing, playing ball and boxing, can improve the body's ability to keep out the cold and prevent colds.

Respondent: Xue Tong-Grade II 2008-12-10/2:11.

The first part,

1, when reading and writing, the distance between the eyes and the book should be one foot.

In order to protect your teeth, you must brush your teeth in the morning and evening.

When watching TV, the seat should be at least two meters away from the TV.

4. To prevent ascariasis and ascariasis, pay attention to food hygiene, do not drink raw water, and wash and peel raw fruits and vegetables.

5. The heart is in the left chest of the human body.

6. The lungs are in the chest of the human body.

7. The prevention of influenza is mainly to go to public places as little as possible during the influenza epidemic.

8. To prevent intestinal infectious diseases, it is necessary to prevent "people from entering the mouth"; Develop good hygiene habits and wash your hands before and after meals.

9. To prevent hepatitis A, we should do the following: pay attention to food hygiene; Drink boiled water; Wash your hands before and after meals.

10. Rats mainly transmit epidemic hemorrhagic fever.

Master's degree in grade five or six.

1 1, flies can spread intestinal infections.

12, prevent anemia, eat more foods with high iron content such as animal liver and kelp.

Smoking can cause lung cancer.

14. Bone, shrimp skin and bean products contain more calcium and phosphorus.

15, after being bitten by a dog, you must go to the epidemic prevention department to treat the wound and inject rabies vaccine in time.

The second part:

1. Brushing your teeth in the morning and evening is one of the effective ways to protect your teeth.

2. Correct reading and writing posture is beneficial to protecting eyesight.

Because raw water contains bacteria and eggs, you can't drink it.

You can't go swimming in the swimming pool when pinkeye is popular.

5. The function of lung is to inhale oxygen continuously and exhale carbon dioxide.

6. Preventing myopia is mainly to achieve "three wants and three don't".

7. Hepatitis A is a highly contagious infectious disease.

8. Vaccination with BCG vaccine on time is a safe and effective method to prevent tuberculosis.

Master's degree in the fifth and sixth grades:

9. Sugar is good for protecting the liver.

10, not only do a good job in family hygiene, but also do a good job in environmental hygiene.

1 1, physical exercise is beneficial to our growth and physical fitness.

12, boys should not wear tight pants in the early adolescence, and girls should not wear corsets, waists and high heels.

13, children can't smoke; Because smoking is very harmful to health.

14. The simplest and most economical way to prevent iodine deficiency disorders is to insist on eating iodized salt for a long time.

The third part:

Our body consists of head, neck, trunk and limbs.

Vaccination can prevent diseases and keep healthy.

3, the correct way to brush your teeth is to brush the toothbrush, the upper teeth are brushed from top to bottom, the lower teeth are brushed from bottom to top, and the mandibular surface is brushed back and forth, from top to bottom.

The function of stomach is to digest food, absorb nutrition and discharge dregs.

The main function of teeth is to chew food.

True health means that a person's body, mind and ability to adapt to society and environment are in good condition.

Master's degree in the fifth and sixth grades:

7. The main function of fat is to supply human body with heat; Maintain body temperature; Promote the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins; Protecting internal organs and moisturizing the skin are very important to the human body.

8. To maintain public health, we must do a good job in residential areas, streets and public places and take good care of public health facilities.

9. To prevent anemia, we should correct bad eating habits such as partial eclipse and picky eaters.

10. First-aid facilities include emergency telephones (120); Ambulances and hospital emergency rooms, etc.

Carry out mental health education

Mental health education in primary schools is a scientific and practical educational work, which should follow the following basic principles:

1, according to the characteristics of students' psychological development and the law of physical and mental development, carry out targeted education.

2, for all students, through the popularization of educational activities, so that students have a positive understanding of mental health education, so that psychological quality is gradually improved.

3. Pay attention to individual differences and carry out various forms of education and counseling according to the different needs of different students to improve their mental health.

4. Take students as the main body, fully stimulate and mobilize the enthusiasm of students. Teachers' scientific guidance in mental health education should be organically combined with students' active participation in mental health education.

Don't eat fried things on the roadside, eat more fruits and vegetables and eat less fried things, overnight dishes or spoiled food.

Improper food collocation can lead to diseases.

Seafood and beer are prone to gout. Seafood contains purine and monophosphate, while beer is rich in vitamin B 1, which is an important catalyst for decomposing these two components. If you drink beer while eating seafood, it will promote the combination of harmful substances in the body and increase the uric acid content in human blood, thus forming urinary calculi that are difficult to excrete. If there is something wrong with your metabolism, drinking beer while eating seafood can easily lead to a sharp increase in uric acid levels in the blood, which will lead to gout.

Gouty nephropathy, gouty arthritis and so on.

Ham and lactic acid drinks are easy to cause cancer. People who often eat sandwiches and yogurt for breakfast should be careful. Lactic acid drinks (including organic acids) such as ham and bacon in sandwiches are easy to cause cancer. Because, in order to preserve sausages, ham, bacon, bacon and so on. Food manufacturers will add nitrates to prevent food spoilage and the growth of Botox. When nitrate meets organic acids (lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, etc. ), it will be converted into a carcinogen-nitrosamine. Therefore, don't eat this kind of processed meat products often, so as not to increase the risk of cancer.

Radish and orange are easy to induce goiter. Radish will produce an antithyroid substance thiocyanic acid. If a large number of fruits such as oranges, apples and grapes are eaten at the same time, flavonoids in fruits will be converted into thiocyanic acid that inhibits thyroid function after bacterial decomposition in the intestine, thus inducing goiter.

Eggs and soybean milk reduce protein's absorption. Raw soybean milk contains trypsin inhibitor, which can inhibit the activity of human protease and affect the digestion and absorption of protein. The egg white of eggs contains viscous protein, which can combine with trypsin in soybean milk, so that the decomposition of protein is blocked, thus reducing the absorption rate of protein.

Milk and chocolate have diarrhea easily. Milk is rich in protein and calcium, while chocolate contains oxalic acid. When they are mixed together, calcium in milk will combine with oxalic acid in chocolate to form a kind of water-insoluble calcium oxalate, which will not be absorbed after eating, and will also cause symptoms such as diarrhea and dry hair, thus affecting people's growth and development.

Fruits and seafood are not easy to digest. When eating seafood, if you eat grapes, hawthorn, pomegranate, persimmon and other fruits, you will have symptoms such as vomiting, bloating and diarrhea. Because these fruits contain tannic acid, when tannic acid meets protein in aquatic products, it will precipitate and solidify to form indigestible substances. After eating seafood, people should eat this fruit more than 4 hours apart.

Spinach and tofu are prone to lithiasis. Tofu contains magnesium chloride and calcium sulfate, and spinach contains oxalic acid. When they meet, they can produce magnesium oxalate and calcium oxalate. These two kinds of white sediments can not only be absorbed by human body, but also affect the absorption of calcium by human body, which is prone to lithiasis.

Food is the most important: how to eat it?

Yang Xiaoguang: Deputy Director of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Vice Chairman of China Nutrition Society and Vice Chairman of National Food and Nutrition Advisory Committee.

Yang Xiaoguang: I am very happy to come to People's Daily to communicate with you! Today, we are talking about food safety and reasonable diet. Welcome questions!

Q: Should I eat less starch if I want to lose weight?

A: Generally speaking, obesity is the result of excessive energy accumulation in the body. In this sense, no matter what food you eat, if you consume more calories than you consume, it will be stored in the body in the form of fat. Therefore, it is necessary to control the whole calorie intake and strengthen physical activity, so as to maintain the balance of calories and a suitable weight.

Q: How to eat hot pot healthily?

A: First of all, we should pay attention to thoroughly cooking food to avoid the harm of food-borne parasites. You shouldn't eat too much. Pay attention to some vegetables.

Q: Can an apple a day keep me healthy?

A: It should be said that it is healthy to eat more fruits and vegetables now. Apples are better fruits. It is good to eat regularly.

Q: Ladies and gentlemen, it is always said that some foods do not contain food additives. Is it really free? What happens when you eat again? Thank you.

A: It should be said that food additives are an indispensable part of modern food industry. It is safe to use food strictly. Some foods don't contain it, but that doesn't mean they are unsafe or unhealthy.

Q: It is always said that soup is nutritious and soup is nutritious. Is it true that all the nutrients are in the soup?

A: Actually, the nutrients in soup are lower than those in solid food. But food not only satisfies nutrition, but also satisfies taste and psychology. Without specifics, it is hard to say which soup has higher nutritional content. However, in controlling food overload, it is beneficial for Cantonese people to drink soup first. In addition, some soups contain some medicinal ingredients. It may have certain biological activity for some people.

Q: Red meat = lean meat? Thank you for your answers!

A: Red meat refers to pork, beef and mutton. Mainly refers to lean meat.

Q: I don't like rice and meat. Will this affect my health in the long run?

A: There is no bad food, only bad food. Food diversification is a basic principle of rational nutrition. Meat can provide high-quality protein, especially red meat, which is a good source of health and can prevent anemia. Of course, there are vegetarians. However, it is necessary to supplement other high-quality protein and some micronutrients easily caused by not eating meat. For example, iron, vitamin B2, etc.

Q: Ladies and gentlemen, there are pesticide residues on fruits and vegetables. Can it be solved by just using blisters? Are there any other remedies?

A: The actual situation is different. Some pesticides can be washed off, and some pesticides can't be washed off. As far as the actual situation in China is concerned, it is impossible not to use pesticides. Many pesticides can be removed by soaking in water or peeling fruit. It is also a good way to soak vegetables and fruits.

Q: I am a single man over 25 and under 30. Please make the most reasonable diet plan for a person like me who has no one to take care of himself and doesn't care much about diet? In addition, because of work, I have little time to exercise, so my stomach is very big! In order to control obesity and keep a healthy figure, do experts have any specific suggestions on diet?

A: The Chinese Nutrition Association has dietary guidelines. You can learn it. Design a reasonable diet according to your own preferences.

Q: Sorry, guest, the food hygiene inspection seems to be random sampling. Does that guarantee that all the food is all right?

A: It is impossible to inspect every batch of food before it goes on the market. Any inspection is a spot check. Of course, if the whole people provide food safety awareness and take the initiative to report, it can also increase pertinence and ensure food safety.

Q: Is there a university in agriculture (biology)? ) Professor, don't eat any leafy vegetables. He said-I don't mind others eating. Because I'm in this business and I know the harm. No matter how you wash it or soak it, it won't help. Because it is chronic, no one knows what will happen in the future and why. I'm afraid that's the case now. We have no choice.

A: Not eating leafy vegetables can avoid the pesticide harm of leafy vegetables, but at the same time it also loses the nutrition provided by leafy vegetables.

Customer: I don't like sweets. I didn't even like sugar when I was a child. Is this harmful to my health?

A: Not eating sweets should be said to be harmless to the body. You should measure your BMI yourself. If you are too thin, you should also pay attention to increasing energy and maintaining an appropriate weight.

Q: What's the difference between our views on genetically modified foods and those in Europe and America?

A: Europe and America are totally opposed to genetically modified foods. Generally speaking, Americans believe that genetically modified foods are safe and have been eaten for more than ten years. Many European consumers can't accept genetically modified food yet. This is not only a security issue, but also many mixed factors. At present, scientific research has not found that there are unsafe problems in genetically modified foods that have been listed. China's current management regulations need to be evaluated and scored.

Q: Guest, can you tell us something about your diet guide?

A: The Chinese Nutrition Association has many dietary guidelines. First, there are all kinds of foods, mainly grains; Second: eat more fruits and vegetables; Third: eat less greasy; Fourth: drink milk often; Fifth: drinking restrictions; Sixth: pay attention to food cleanliness; Seventh: increase physical activity and maintain a reasonable weight.

Q: Now the whole people eat harmful food. Before long, what will happen to us and our descendants? ...

A: Generally speaking, the current food safety situation is better than before. Judging from the food inspection, the qualified rate is higher than before. Nowadays, people's life expectancy is much higher than before. The current food safety problem is of great concern to everyone. Some people artificially add some harmful substances under the conditions of market economy. On the other hand, our demand for health has increased, and everyone is very concerned about this problem. With the development of science and technology, substances that people could not detect in the past can be detected now. Such as dioxin and mad cow disease.

Q: People say that breakfast should be good, but how can we get a high-quality breakfast? Ask for expert guidance, thank you.

A: The calories of breakfast should account for about 30% of the total calories. There should be grains (rice, bread, steamed bread), dairy products, vegetables, fruits and some eggs or meat products. The key is not to worry, eat as soon as you get up.

Q: Is fruit really not as nutritious as vegetables? How to consider the reasonable collocation of fruits and vegetables from the perspective of nutrition?

A: Fruits and vegetables have their own characteristics and cannot be substituted for each other. Vegetables, in particular, can provide us with a variety of vitamins and dietary fiber, which is irreplaceable by fruits. You should eat some vegetables and fruits every day.

Q: Guest, how do people find out that there is something wrong with food? What can they do besides seeing, smelling and tasting?

A: From the past experience, the qualified rate of food in big shopping malls is high. Also pay attention to the logo on the package.

Q: I think there seems to be a lot of food poisoning, but some things should not be poisoned in the first place. For example, some people eat milk collectively, but the milk test finds that there is nothing wrong with the milk itself? What's going on here?

A: At present, there are more reports of food poisoning than before, but the situation of food poisoning is better than before. Milk is a kind of nutritious food, which is easy to cause food poisoning. For example, snow-printed milk in Japan is contaminated by staphylococci, which leads to food poisoning for many people. But now many large enterprises produce milk with strict disinfection procedures. Some people will heat and disinfect before drinking for safety reasons.

Q: Ladies and gentlemen, it is easy to form scale when drinking tap water in many northern areas. Does too much scale mean the water quality is not good? Bad for your health?

A: There is a lot of scale, but there are many minerals in the water. The so-called hardness is relatively high. Generally speaking, after you burn, the mineral content in the water will drop. You can't generally say that the water quality is not good because there is scale. In some areas in the north, the fluorine content in water is high, which is prone to fluorosis.

Q: Please tell us the common sense of taking vitamins.

A: First of all, we must determine whether we lack vitamins. What kind of vitamin should I lack? Pay attention to which one to fill. Generally speaking, water-soluble vitamins. For example, B vitamins and vitamin C are not easy to accumulate in the body. Eating more won't be harmful to your health. But fat-soluble vitamins. For example, vitamins A and D, too much intake will do harm to the body.

Q: Guest, what do you think of the so-called junk food?

A: Generally speaking, modern fast food is considered as "junk food". From the perspective of food diversification, eating some occasionally is not harmful to health. But eating it often or every day will cause dietary imbalance. It is often too much calories and insufficient intake of vitamins and dietary fiber. It may have a bad effect on the body.

Q: I have read the Food Hygiene Law, but I don't understand how people should complain if there is a problem. Ask for expert guidance (except 3. 15 and Consumers Association). Thank you.

A: At present, health supervision institutions (all districts and counties have them) are specialized food safety supervision institutions, which can make complaints.

Q: Is tofu more nutritious than soybean milk? But I prefer tofu. Besides, is tofu a meat dish or a vegetarian dish? How to match?

A: From the production technology, tofu is made of soybean milk. But some flavonoids may be lost. Both tofu and soybean milk contain high-quality protein, which is comparable to meat. Soybean milk has a high water content. It should be said that tofu is a vegetarian dish

Q: What foods should vitamins be supplemented from?

A: Fruits and vegetables can supplement vitamins A and C, and brown rice and common flour can provide vitamin B 1. Milk and meat can provide vitamin B2. Animal food can provide vitamins A and D, and sunbathing every day can synthesize vitamin D by itself.

Q: Director Yang, when people mention this kind of polluted and harmful food, they feel uneasy, afraid and at a loss. ...

A: Actually, it's not that serious.

Q: Teacher Hong Zhaoguang said that children should take vitamin C and vitamin B. Are there any side effects after taking them all the year round?

A: First of all, make sure how much you have. If it does not exceed the maximum limit, it should be harmless to health. For the maximum limit, please check the Nutrients Intake of Residents in China formulated by China Nutrition Association.

Q: Can drinking fruit and juice supplement nutrition? How about eating fruit? Will there be a problem? Thank you for your answers.

A: Guozhen is not juice. Generally speaking, fresh fruit is better than juice. But there's nothing wrong with eating fruit and drinking juice.

Q: Excuse me, ladies and gentlemen, how harmful is fried food to your health?

A: From the perspective of reasonable nutrition, the calories produced by fat intake every day should not exceed 30% of the total calories. Eating fried food often leads to excessive calorie intake. Because 1 g fat can produce 9000 calories. And carbohydrate 1g is 4000 calories. Reusing the oil of some fried foods will produce some harmful substances. Eating fried food occasionally won't have a bad effect on it.

Q: Can genetically modified foods be eaten? How many foods are genetically modified?

A: At present, our genetically modified foods are mainly imported soybeans and rapeseed oil. These foods have been listed in the United States and Canada for more than ten years, and no safety problems have been found.

Q: Some articles say that dark vegetables are nutritious, right? But white radish is white.

A: Generally speaking, the level of nutrition refers to the content of vitamins. Leafy vegetables are more nutritious than root vegetables. White radish is also a good vegetable. Talking about food diversity means eating all kinds of food. You can't say which is better than which, you should eat it all.

Q: Now children are flocking to foreign fast food, which is worrying. What do the guests think?

A: This issue really deserves attention. The key is to let children and adolescents know basic nutrition knowledge from basic education. Develop good living habits. Eating foreign fast food occasionally is not a problem, but it can't be a hobby. At present, the main problem of foreign fast food is high calorie. Lack of enough vegetables, can not provide the necessary vitamins and dietary fiber.

Q: I hope that relevant nutrition knowledge can enter the health textbooks of primary and secondary schools, such as foreign fast food, such as vitamin intake.

A: I agree with you very much!

Q: What kind of food is safe? Expert, you must answer.

A: In fact, absolute food safety does not exist. As far as the current market situation is concerned, the food produced by big shopping malls and some well-known enterprises is safer. In addition, we should pay attention to the cooking of food, such as avoiding cross-contamination of raw and cooked food. Try to avoid buying cooked food produced by unknown manufacturers. Pay attention to the manufacturer, shelf life and whether the food to be refrigerated is in a refrigerated state during the purchase process.

Eating Chili peppers should be selected according to the region.

Nowadays, spicy has become an indispensable taste in the diet of northerners. Look at Sichuan cuisine and Thai cuisine all over the street. They all have different degrees of spicy taste. But experts warn that northerners eating spicy food may hurt their eyes.

Because of different constitutions, there are differences in eating spicy food.

Due to the different climate between the north and the south, there are also differences in human physique. For example, northerners have strong gastrointestinal function, while southerners have weak gastrointestinal function. According to Dr. Zhao Zhifu, director of psychosomatic medicine department of Guang 'anmen Hospital of Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, northerners are internally hot and externally cold, while southerners are internally cold and externally hot. For the eyes, I am most afraid of getting angry.

Therefore, eating spicy food without restraint may directly hurt the eyes: first, it will make the eyes feel burning and the blood vessels of the eyeball congestion, leading to unclear vision. Long-term spicy stimulation will lead to conjunctivitis, fundus arteriosclerosis, dry eye and decreased vision and other senile diseases in advance.

So what kind of people are not suitable for spicy food?

Dr. Zhao reminded that people with red face, constipation, yellow urine and bloodshot eyes should not eat spicy food. People with bad temper should not eat spicy food. People from the south to the north, influenced by the climate and environmental changes in the north, have gradually changed their physique, so they should also change their habit of eating spicy food.