Overview of China Type 69 Medium Tank

Type 69 tank is a medium-sized tank designed by itself on the basis of Type 59 tank. The technical index was released in 1963, the design was completed in 1964, the prototype was produced in 1965, and the design was finalized in 1974. The car is equipped with 100mm smoothbore gun, 426kW(580 HP) engine, two-way stabilizer and infrared night vision device. This tank is superior to Type 59 in firepower, maneuverability and night combat performance.

design feature

I. Overall arrangement

The body and turret of the tank are basically the same as those of the Type 59 medium tank.

The car body is welded by rolled steel plates, the cockpit is on the left in front of the car body, the middle part of the car body is a combat cabin with a turret on it, and the rear part of the car body is a power transmission cabin, and the engine is arranged horizontally. Turrets are castings. There are four passengers in the car, and the driver is located in the left front of the car, which is convenient for forward observation; The conductor is located at the left rear side of the gun, and the position of the conductor is at the front and bottom of the conductor position; The loader is located on the right side of the gun.

There are 44 shells in the car, two fuel tanks of the bomb rack 19 shells, the front middle group of the engine partition 12 shells, 2 shells fixed on the left armor plate, 4 shells fixed on the right armor plate, 2 shells fixed on the right wall of the turret, and 5 shells fixed on the rear of the turret.

The safety door is located at the rear of the driver's seat.

Second, the weapon system

The main weapon of the tank is a 100mm smooth-bore gun, the barrel length is 5450mm, and there is an air extraction device in the middle of the barrel. Recoil and reentry are arranged side by side above the gun, which can launch armor-piercing projectiles, armor-piercing projectiles and grenades with stable tails. The shelling penetration rate is 1490m/s, and the maximum firing rate of the gun is 7 rounds per minute.

Auxiliary weapons include 1 12.7mm anti-aircraft machine gun installed on the top of the turret, 1 7.62mm parallel machine gun installed coaxially on the right side of the gun and 1 7.62mm front machine gun installed on the right front of the driver.

The fire control system of this tank includes laser rangefinder, gunner's sight at night, commander's observation and command mirror day and night, and gunner's sight of 1969 100mm sliding chamber tank. The range of laser rangefinder is 300~5000m, the ranging accuracy is 10m, and the repetition frequency is 7 times per minute. The gunner is regarded as active infrared at night, with a magnification of 7 times, a field of view of 6, a sight distance of 800m (when the target is found), an infrared lamp power of 500W W, a day-and-night observation mirror magnification of 5 times, a night-time magnification of 6 times, a day-time field of view 12, a night-time sight distance of 8, a night-time sight distance of 400m, and an infrared lamp power of 200W w. Other aiming devices are the same as those of Type 59 medium-sized tanks.

The tank is equipped with a bidirectional stabilizer, with the stability accuracy of 1 in the vertical direction and 3/in the horizontal direction, and the aiming speed of 0.07 ~ 4.5/s in the vertical direction and 0.09 ~ 15/s in the horizontal direction.

Third, the propulsion system

The tank adopts V-type 12 cylinder water-cooled diesel engine with rated power of 426kW(580 HP), rated speed of 2000r/min, maximum torque of 2453±98N·m, maximum torque speed of 1300 ~ 1400 r/min, and minimum stable speed of no more than 5000. The fuel consumption rate is not more than 238g/kW h (175g/HP h), and the fuel consumption is not more than 8.16g/kW h (6g/HP h). The cooling system and lubrication system adopt pipe belt radiator, and the fuel system adopts bomb rack oil tank, with a total capacity of 935L L.

The transmission device adopts a fixed-axis gearbox with five forward gears and 1 reverse gears, and adopts a multi-plate dry clutch, a two-stage planetary steering gear and a single external meshing spur gear side reducer.

The mobile device adopts torsion bar suspension device, with five steel load-bearing wheels on each side, and 1 hydraulic shock absorbers are installed at the first and fifth load-bearing wheels on the left and right sides respectively. Use single-pin metal track shoes, 9 1 block per side.

Fourth, the protection system

Tank armor protection is the same as Type 59, with homogeneous steel armor and cast turret. Three semi-automatic fire extinguishers and 1 portable fire extinguishers are carried in the car, and two electric ignition smoke pipes are installed in the car.

The communication equipment of the tank includes 1 A-220A radio and 1 A-22 1A interphone, and the vehicle is equipped with 1 6kW GFT 6000 silicon rectifier generator.

Model evolution and variant car

Based on the tank chassis, 69-II main battle tank, 69-II B command tank, 69-II C command tank, 69-II C 1 command tank, 69-3(79) main battle tank and 653 medium tank rescue vehicle have been developed successively.

1.69-Ⅱ main battle tank

This tank is improved on the basis of Type 69 medium tank. 198 1 complete the design, 1982 put into mass production.

The main improvement projects of the tank include the installation of 100mm rifled guns, equipped with tungsten-pointed armor-piercing projectiles, armor-piercing projectiles and grenades. The shells used are the same as Soviet T-55 tanks. A simple automatic fire-fighting system is installed; Planetary side reducer; Hydraulic auxiliary main clutch control and steering control device; Automatic fire extinguishing system; Three-proof device combining collective and individual; Thermal smoke screen application device; Radio 889; Rubber side shielding skirt; Engine oil pressure loss alarm device, motorcycle timer, quick-opening safety door, etc.

There are some new improvements in the post-production of 69-II main battle tank, including a new sight with laser ranging and sight. Projective smoke emitters are installed at the front of both sides of the turret, and there are fence guards around the outside of the turret.

The performance of the laser rangefinder installed in the tank is the same as that of the Type 69 tank. The range of trajectory solver of simple automatic fire control system is 300 ~ 300~800m (machine bomb is 300~800m), and the types of bullets solved are armor-piercing bullets and armor-piercing bullets. The calculation accuracy of armor-piercing projectiles, grenades and parallel machine guns is not more than 0.05, and the calculation time is not more than1s. The magnification of tank gun sight with stepping motor is 3.5 times /7 times, and the field of view is 18/9. Automatic and manual meter loading methods are adopted, and the accuracy of automatic meter loading is not more than 0.2 mil.

The gearbox of the tank is equipped with a hydraulic booster pump and AK- 150 air compressor. Adjust the fan drive to increase the speed of the cooling fan. Friction plates are added to the main clutch and steering gear, and the side reducer adopts planetary transmission.

The effective shielding length of the tank thermal smoke screen device is 200 meters, the smoke screen lasts for 2 ~ 4 minutes, the continuous working time of the release device is 65438 00 minutes, and the average fuel consumption is 65438 00 liters/minute.

The tank's three-prevention device is mainly based on automatic control of the closed combat crew cabin and filtration ventilation to establish overpressure collective protection, with the personal protective equipment of the crew as the vehicle. The oil tank is equipped with a shielding skirt and 8 mm thick rubber plates on both sides.

The automatic fire extinguisher in this tank is fully automatic and semi-automatic. The time to feel the fire is 3 ~ 5s, and the number of fire extinguishers is 3. The fire extinguishing time for using 1 bottle is 10 ~ 15s, and the fire extinguishing time for using 3 bottles is 30 ~ 3~5s.

2.69-Ⅱ B command module

The tank was developed on the basis of 69-II main battle tank, designed in 1982, and put into production that year for foreign trade. The tank is equipped with two radio stations (Radio 889 1 and Radio 892 1), and there are two antennas outside the turret, one is a 2.8m(2-node) rod antenna and the other is a 4m(4-node) rod antenna. An auxiliary power supply consisting of a gasoline generator set, a frequency converter and an extension cable is installed outside the rear of the vehicle. Tanks can not only be used to contact and direct operations when moving, but also be used to conduct ground operations command by using gasoline generator sets and extension cables under hidden circumstances. Due to the addition of 1 radio station, two shells are reduced in the turret, and 1 mast antenna can be added at the rear of the turret. The remaining technical equipment and operational performance are the same as those of the 69-II main battle tank.

The gasoline generator set consists of a 2.2kW(3 HP) single-cylinder gasoline engine and a 1kW single-phase self-excited alternator. The sensor consists of a transformer and a single-phase bridge full-wave rectifier. The 230V, 50Hz single-phase alternating current generated by gasoline engine generator set can be used for vehicle-mounted radio or battery after transformation and rectification.

In order to avoid mutual interference between two radio stations, a filtering device is set up.

3.69-Ⅱ C Command Module

On the basis of 69-Ⅱ B commanding tank, this tank replaces 892 with 889, that is, it is equipped with two 889 radios, and the turret is equipped with two antennas, both of which are 2.8m(3 sections) rod antennas. Other performances are the same as those of 69-Ⅱ B commanding tank. The tank was designed in 1982 and put into production in foreign trade that year.

4.69-Ⅱ C1Command Module

Based on the 69-Ⅱ C command tank, the tank adopts antenna * * * device, which combines two antennas into a 1 3.3m(2-segment) broadband antenna, and two 889 radio stations use 1 antenna.

The tank was designed in 1983 and put into production in foreign trade that year.

The remaining technical equipment and operational performance of the tank are the same as those of the 69-II main battle tank.

5.69-3 (Type 79) Main Battle Tank

This tank is a new type of main battle tank developed by 1982 on the basis of 59-II medium-sized tank and 69-II main battle tank. Equipped with hot sheath 105mm line gun, automatic fire extinguishing and explosion suppression system, periscope perturbation simple fire control system, second generation night vision night vision device, VRC-8000 radio and VIC- 1 car intercom. The performance and structure of the chassis are equivalent to those of the 69-II main battle tank.

This kind of tank was later developed. The fire control system is equipped with a thermal imager, and the gun control system adopts an electro-hydraulic compound bidirectional stabilizer, and the captain's overtaking shooting device is added. Smoke bomb launcher brackets are welded on both sides of the front of the turret, and fences are added around the turret to cover it.

6.653 medium tank rescue vehicle

The rescue vehicle is a variant of the 69-II main battle tank. It is designed by dismantling the turret of the 69-II main battle tank and installing a winch, a hydraulic lift and a hoe on the chassis. It is used to carry out technical support tasks such as rescue, towing, evacuation, replacement and repair of armored vehicles that have been damaged, blocked and lost their own abilities. If necessary, it can also build bunkers and open roads for main battle tanks. 1982 started production, and 1983 passed technical appraisal. The product code is WZ653, which is usually called 653 medium tank rescue vehicle. The vehicle has good maneuverability, high armor protection, rescue and traction efficiency, and is suitable for field use. The vehicle is equipped with lighting device and driver's night vision device, which can work at night.

The front of the car is the control room, the driver is located on the left side of the car, the winch is installed in the middle of the car body, and the winch wire rope passes through the front of the car body and extends out of the car for traction operation. The power transmission device is still located at the rear of the car body, which is the same as the layout of the base car 69-II main battle tank. The parking hoe is installed at the front of the vehicle, and the lifting is controlled by the hydraulic device, which plays a supporting role in traction and rescue, with the maximum supporting force of 687 kN (70,000 kgf); It plays the role of bulldozer when repairing terrain and building bunkers, and the maximum shovel depth is not less than 200 mm. A rigid traction hook is welded at the rear of the vehicle, and the rigid traction frame is usually fixed outside the left armor plate of the control cabin. Rigid traction device is used for rigid traction of tanks that lose mobility. The lifting device is installed on the upper part of the car body and controlled by the hydraulic system. The boom has two sections, which can be extended and rotated 360 degrees. The calibrated lifting weight is 10t.

There are 1 12.7mm anti-aircraft guns on the outside of the rear, which can be used to deal with low-altitude enemy planes and ground targets.

The communication system is the same as that of the 69-II main battle tank, and there are 103m communication wires inside and outside the vehicle, which is convenient for the passengers to communicate with the outside world with walkie-talkies during rescue.

7.84 medium tank rescue vehicle

Based on the 653 medium tank rescue vehicle, it was developed by using the chassis of 69-3 (Type 79) main battle tank. The improved rescue vehicle was formally finalized and equipped with China troops in 1984. Its code name is WZ653A, and its official name is Type 84 medium tank rescue vehicle.

operating characteristic

Type 69 69-Ⅱ

Four crew members, four crew members.

The total combat weight is 36,500 kg and 36,700 kg.

Net weight 34500kg 34700kg

Unit power 1 1.69KW/t

Unit pressure 80kPa 80.7kPa

Train attendant

? Gun forward 9.125m8.657m.

Gun back 8.953 meters, 8.498 meters.

The car body is 6.002 meters long.

Car width

? 3.270 meters 3.270 meters without apron

? With skirt 3.307

High car

? The overall height is 2.807 meters.

? 2.457m to the top of the turntable.

The height of fire line is1.738m1.750m.

The height from the bottom of the car to the ground is 0.425m0.425m

The track width is 580mm 580mm.

The landing length is 3.845 meters.

The track center distance is 2.640m2.640m.

The maximum speed of expressway is 50km/h 50km/h.

The average off-road speed is 22-27km/h, 22-27km/h.

Fuel reserve 935L 935L

The maximum driving distance of highway is 420-440km 420-440km.

Deep wading (unprepared)1.4m1.4m.

Gradeability 6 1% 6 1%

Rolling gradient 58% 58%

Climb the vertical wall 0.8m 0.8m high.

The trench crossing width is 2.7m2.7m

engine

? North industries (group) corporation production company.

Model12150l-712150l-7bw

12V water-cooled diesel engine

Power/speed 426kW/2000rpm

gearing

North industries (group) corporation production company.

Type fixed shaft machinery fixed shaft machinery

? Number of forward/reverse gears 5/ 1 5/ 1

Side reducer type single external meshing gear planetary gear type

Main gun caliber/type 100mm/ slide chamber 100mm/ line chamber.

Caliber/type parallel weapon 7.62mm/ machine gun 7.62mm/ machine gun.

Caliber/type of air defense weapon 12.7mm/ machine gun 12.7mm/ machine gun.

Smoke Bomb Launcher Diameter/Quantity 76mm/2x4

The hot smoke screen has

Ammunition base

44 rounds, 44 rounds.

500 anti-aircraft machine guns, 500 rounds

3,000 rounds of parallel machine gun shells, 3,000 rounds.

The initial velocity of armor-piercing projectile is1490 m/s1415 m/s.

7 rounds per minute, 7 rounds per minute.

Turntable drive mode electric and manual electric and manual.

The rotating range of the turret is 360 360.

The artillery pitch range is -5 ~+ 18-5 ~+ 18.

The pitching speed of the gun is 4.5 /s 4.5 /s s.

The maximum turning speed of the gun is15/s15/s+05/s.

Gun stabilizer

? There is something horizontal.

There is something vertical.

Fire automatic loading platform

Range finder laser

The three preventive measures are

There are fire extinguishing and explosion suppression systems.