(Tang) Li Shangyin

June asked whether the return date has not yet been determined.

Autumn pool night rain rises.

When * * * cut off the western window candle,

But words in the rain at night.

You asked me when I would go home, but I haven't set a date yet. It rains heavily in Bashan tonight, and it rains in autumn pool. When you and I meet again, * * * cut candles at the west window and talk all night; Tonight, I will tell you about the autumn rain, my painful feelings.

Attention: ① If the candle burns for too long, it will cause the candle burning phenomenon, that is, the flame jumps, so it is necessary to cut the wick to keep the candle seedlings still.

This is Li Shangyin's well-known lyric short chapter, which was written by the poet to his wife in the north. At that time, the poet was blocked by the autumn rain and stayed in the Beijing-Pakistan area. His wife sent a letter from home asking about the date of her return. However, due to the continuous autumn rain and traffic interruption, it is impossible to determine, so reply: Jun asked that the return date is undecided. This sentence has questions and answers, ups and downs, revealing the poet's anxiety about being in a foreign land and having an uncertain return date. The poet and his wife, Mr. Wang, are deeply attached to each other and always look forward to returning to their hometown as soon as possible, sitting under the west window with his wife and chatting late into the night by candlelight. At this time, I can only miss it hard. There are only four sentences in the poem, but the scene is integrated with reality, which not only contains the reciprocating contrast of space, but also reflects the cyclic jump of time. "What to do" is the word of imagination, and imagination comes from real scenes. So the second sentence of the late rain has become an imaginary topic, and naturally it has become such a clever poem as "refusing to talk about the late rain".

Most of Li Shangyin's love poems are elegant, gorgeous, deep and tortuous. This poem, consisting of 10,000 Tang poems, is entitled "Night Rain Sends Inside". "Inside" means "my wife" and refers to my wife. The poet misses his wife on a rainy night in Bashan and is full of deep homesickness. The poet wrote his deep affection and kindness to his wife in plain language. The whole poem is ingenious, natural and smooth, ups and downs.

This poem was undoubtedly written in Bashu, but who gave you this "Jun"? This is different. The title of Ten Thousand Poems in the Tang Dynasty is Rain at Night. Feng Note: "The words are shallow and affectionate, and they come from the inside." However, all the poems in the stamp album have unknown titles, so they are still called' Send to the North'. Because Shang Yin's wife died at the turn of spring and summer, both Feng's Pu and Zhang Jian thought that Shang Yin had a short trip to Bashu in Dazhong (848), during which he wrote this poem and gave it to his wife in the north. Cen thinks that there is no so-called trip to Bashu in Notes on Yuxi Chronicle. Liu Heyu's Xie Ji also called the trip to Bashu a fallacy. In the article "How to Understand Li Shangyin's Poems", it is believed that this poem was written by Jing and Ba who lived here for a long time at the turn of summer and autumn when Shang Yin returned to Guilin. Liu and Yu thought in Xie Ji: "Bashan in Tang poetry generally refers to the mountains in Sichuan today ... you don't have to go to Daba Mountain or Bashan Mountain in the south of Badong County." "This kind of poetry is obviously a long-term detention, which is different from people who are temporarily detained." ..... This is a work written by Zi Mu to reward his friends in Beijing, and it is really impossible to test. This is about the later period of Zimu. "This poem was written on a rainy night. The text is simple, but the tone is kind and natural, full of affection and very touching. Moreover, all scenery words are sentimental words, thick and profound, with long meaning and rhyme. Li Mengyang was quoted as saying in The Forest of Tang Poetry: "Tang poetry, like your precious son, is romantic and elegant, so believe it. "Yuxi Shengshi" says: "When you see the situation, it is clear and subtle, and Yuxi is the first-class concentration." "Selected Poems of Tang Poetry": "Deliberately lingering and rippling. "

In Ten Thousand Tang Poems edited by Hong Mai in the Southern Song Dynasty, the title of this poem is Rain at Night, which means this poem is for his wife. Judging from the word "Bashan" in the poem, this poem is about Bashu. Li Shangyin once applied to join Sichuan as the chief of staff of Liu Zhongying, our time in Dongchuan. The time was the sixth year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (AD 852). Before this year, Li Shangyin's wife died. Feng Hao, a Qing Dynasty man who annotated Li Shangyin's Poems, thought that the title of the poem should not be changed to "send it inside" (because "all the poems in it are unknown"), but the content should be "send it inside". To this end, he advanced the writing time of poetry to two years (AD 848). According to Feng Hao's textual research, Li Shangyin was the shogunate of Zheng Ya in Guangxi (now Guilin) this year. Zheng Ya was framed by his political opponents and demoted to being a secretariat with Suizhou. Li Shangyin didn't go to Zhou Xun, but went to Changsha by water and returned to Chang 'an the next year. Feng Hao believes that Li Shangyin once "roamed Jianghan and traveled to and from Bashu" and "had a land and water journey between Bashu" on his way home. A note to friends in the north on a rainy night was written when I passed Bashu on my way home. Neighbors Cen and Chen Yinque once pointed out that the statement about the trip to Bashu was incorrect. In fact, Feng Hao didn't say much. He vaguely said that Li Shangyin had been to Bashu at this time, "playing with poetry and seeing it with his own eyes, but there was no breakdown." It can be seen that the note to friends in the north on a rainy night is generally sent by Li Shangyin to his wife. This statement seems to need to be reconsidered.

Li Shangyin's life is unfortunate. As soon as he embarked on his official career, he was involved in the dispute between Niu and Li's cronies. (cattle, cattle monks and nuns; Li, Li Deyu. A clique, a bureaucratic group. ) In 852, it was a last resort to go to Shu with Liu Zhongying. How difficult the career is, my wife died young and I feel sad. A few years ago, when Lu Xun was the shogunate in Xuzhou, he was quite complacent. "Let's sing RoyceWong in military music, don't recite Yuan Ming." After arriving in Sichuan, this optimism disappeared. "Three years of bitter fog, leaving no one to manage the beams." He cut off contact with the outside world and even had no friendship with the staff of the same government. "A short message to a friend in the north on a rainy night" was written with great passion. I sent a poem to Jun and asked him about his return date with concern. He also looked forward to "cutting the candle at the west window" with Jun. This "gentleman" has at least three conditions. First, the past was relatively dense; Second, there are still poetry books at the moment; Third, we are soul mates. Judging from the existing poems of Li Shangyin, there is one person who can be such a "monarch", and that is the humanities in the late Tang poetry. When Li Shangyin was in Xuzhou, there was a poem "Autumn Stay in". When Li Shangyin was in Sichuan, he also sent three poems to Wen. Wen's birth is more precious than Li's, and he is a descendant of Wen Yanbo, the prime minister of the early Tang Dynasty. However, he was also pushed out and suppressed by Hu Ling Mao, a Niu Dang, and became Fang Chengwei's teaching assistant in his later years. If there is no evidence to the contrary, it can probably be said that "Friends in the North on a Rainy Night" was written to Wen by Li Shangyin when he was in Zizhou Shogunate. In this way, we may be able to taste the emotional content contained in the poem more carefully.

At the beginning of the poem, there is an unavoidable contradiction that "the date of your return is uncertain" The hope of returning to China and disappointment in the future are opposites. Sorrow enveloped the whole article. On the surface, "it rains at night in the autumn pool" is an impromptu point. However, this scene makes the sadness of returning to China more vivid and rich. Bashan, alone in a foreign land, is autumn, late at night and rainy at night. The situation itself is very sad. In particular, the word "rising autumn pool", continuous autumn rain, filled the pool with water. The poet captured this beautiful and realistic picture and inspired the imagination of readers. It seems that what rises in the autumn pool is not autumn water, but the pain that the poet can't get rid of.

Although the quatrains are short, they also pay attention to structural skills. It has been said by predecessors that quatrains are generally difficult to inherit two sentences, and it is better to say them directly and calmly. Change takes a lot of time, all in the third sentence. The third sentence of this poem shows this kind of effort. "Why * * * Cut Candles at the West Window" jumps from now to the future, from Bashan to the north (Chang 'an), and writes the poet's reverie with the rhetorical method of expressing the present. "Cutting candles at the west window" may have melted the poetic meaning of "holding candles at night is more like a dream" in Du Fu's Three Songs of Qiang Village, but it has changed from a couple to a friend and is more affectionate. The word "when" means "when will it be possible", and the first sentence "not yet" is done, which is both urgent and unpredictable. Emotionally, with the first two sentences, it seems to be broken

The fourth sentence is more exciting. Farewell to the Rain at Night comes from "* * * Cutting the West Window", which is a boat sailing down the river. In the genre of quatrains, which is as short as only four sentences, it is not a pity to use the meaning of repeated sentences, but it is bold. However, the reappearance of Late Rain is not monotonous, but its significance is tortuous and profound. If the "late rain" in the previous sentence is based on scenery, then the "late rain" in this sentence is based on feelings. It and Cut the Candle at the West Window form a warm and dynamic picture, which shows the poet's longing for the return date and his deep friendship with Jun. This adds joy to the poem. This joy is only an unpredictable expectation, so it shows the joy of the future and aggravates the pain of untimely return. We can feel the poet's mood constantly ups and downs, but the emotional tone is always harmonious and unified.

Li Shangyin's poems, especially those in his later years, are full of sentimental feelings. This sentimentality reflects the darkness of the times and his personal misfortune. A note to a friend in the north on a rainy night, although it reflects some happiness, is also sentimental on the whole. It's just that this sadness is tortuous and profound. The sentence "Rose in the Autumn Rain at Night" contains a lot of subtext. It seems that it is not the pain caused by the separation of husband and wife, but it really contains the sadness of the poet's review of his life here and now, and implies the anger and despair of reality.

This poem is improvised, showing the twists and turns of the poet's feelings in an instant. The language is simple, and there is no trace of modification in wording and sentence making. Most of Li Shangyin's poems are rich in rhetoric, exquisite in allusions and good at symbols and hints. This "Notes to a friend in the North on a Rainy Night" shows another style of Li Shangyin's poetry: simple and natural, but with the artistic characteristics of "deep sustenance and gentle wording".