Writing instruction
The review articles are innovative, critical, radical, clear-cut, with distinct views, laughing and cursing, and pungent language, which tells the truth of ordinary people, so they are deeply loved by readers. As a middle school student, learning to write comments can not only broaden your horizons, train your language expression ability and improve your critical thinking ability, but also accumulate materials to lay a solid foundation for writing argumentative essays in the future.
How do middle school students learn to write reviews?
First, we must overcome our fears. For hot events, as long as you express your thoughts in words, that is comments. Look, it's so simple!
Learn to filter news before you start writing. First, be "fresh". Only when the recent events are selected for comments will readers be willing to read them. Second, there must be "bright spots". That is, the news you choose should be different, or important events, or strange things, and attractive. Third, choose what you are familiar with and have something to say. News includes current affairs, law, economy, people's livelihood, education and many other fields. Generally, you should choose the news type that you are familiar with, so that you can have something to say and get to the point.
The most important part of writing comments is to refine opinions. There are generally three ways of thinking, one is praise, that is, affirming the people, things and working methods in the news, and then explaining the reasons for affirmation. The second is criticism, that is, denying the characters, events and working methods in the news, and then finding out the basis of opposition from the legal and moral aspects. Third, suggestions, that is, to put forward their own constructive opinions on a certain issue in news events.
Tracing back to the source, China's earliest "commentary" is roughly equivalent to the "short commentary" or "post-editing" in the newspaper now, and it is the light cavalry in his speech. It caught a news in the newspaper that day, with a specific topic, and the discussion about one thing came straight to the point, which was 200 words long and several tens short. The Times Review appeared in large numbers and was founded by Di in Shanghai on June 1904. This influential national daily newspaper in modern times is unique in its cooperation with news, with a "current review" column, which is short, flexible and unrestrained.
According to the textual research of Li Liangrong, a professor at Fudan University, from the historical perspective, the current commentary is to draw out a comment behind every biography in Historical Records, that is, "Taishi Gong Yue" and a comment behind some stories in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, that is, "Different History in October", and make it independent. It clearly shows the sublation process of newspaper style to China traditional literature. Before The Times, Liang Qichao founded and edited Qing Yi Bao and Xin Min Cong Bao in Yokohama, Japan, and created a short commentary column on current affairs. Starting from the 26th issue, Qingyi Daily opened a column of "National Affairs News Review", which has been maintained until Xinmin Congbao, specifically publishing short comments and current comments on the current situation or some hot issues.
In addition to reflecting public opinions and basic public accidents, current reviews often contain many better ideas to solve problems, which can serve the government to listen to public opinions and improve its work. Nowadays, comment has become an important style in the media, which can accommodate the confrontation of different views, carry the voice of the people, and let all kinds of voices have channels of expression. Its prosperity is undoubtedly the embodiment of political openness, social harmony and media progress. Let's pay attention to the people's livelihood and write a valuable comment!
Preview and guidance
1, theme exploration
(1) What is a comment?
Tip: Comment is a special argumentative essay to comment on society and current politics (facing the real situation, calling for real judgment). Generally speaking, current affairs reviews include international reviews and domestic reviews. Regardless of the international situation, domestic comments are mainly about the current trend. The so-called fashion can not only refer to the ethos of an era, but also refer to the ethos of a period and an instant. Morality refers to national style, party style, political style, official style, folk style, professional style, study style and so on.
He Ping, editor-in-chief of Xinhua News Agency, made a position for Xinhua Times Review for reference: "As the name implies, it is positioned in the' times'." "Time" refers to current events, current situation, current situation, current politics, current situation and current disadvantages, and current commentary refers to writing articles around the word "time". From this standpoint, we understand that "current affairs review" means "current affairs review", "current affairs review" and "current affairs review". In short, it can also be called "current affairs review".
(2) What are the main features of the commentary?
Tip: the main feature of time is "comment", that is, to comment on things and reason about them. Time comments usually focus on current events and comment on a specific matter.
(3) What is "starting from scratch"?
Tip: Because when writing a comment, you should comment on the facts, so the comment needs to explain the "things" it evaluates. This "thing" is the reason for the comment, so it is called "from the beginning".
2. Click technology
(1) Method of Writing Time Comments
First, learn to speak. It is to express one's views on something or a phenomenon in a clear-cut manner, or praise or belittle, or play or praise, and tell the truth. When writing a review, the most important thing is to concentrate on analyzing and thinking about the success of the review and form your own views. There are many ideas to judge things, such as judging the right or wrong of things, judging the reasons of things, and reflecting on the lessons of this matter. The evaluation of "things" is not limited to one point or one angle, but it can be multi-point or multi-angle, but it should be remembered that the evaluated things must be closely related to the evaluated "things" and cannot be separated from them.
Second, write analysis and reasons for your own judgment. When commenting on the current situation, you should not only write your own opinions, but also write the basis and reasons for these opinions. Only by making well-founded comments can we judge civilization, convince people and get a clear distinction between right and wrong and reasonable results. A good comment is one that can make one's point of view clear, and at the same time write a thorough comment on the basis and reasons of the point of view. A critic can comment, argue, protest, satirize and complain, ridicule and curse, and even write a Chu Ci. Its comments should not only be an extension of news, but its main attitude can be more generous.
(1) narrative argument is not loose.
The example is novel. The last sentence analyzes the rebate center. Determine a central sentence and clearly determine the basis of the central sentence.
(2) argument. There are generally two ways to make an argument clear: a, go straight to the point and make it clear from the beginning. Zhang Xianzhi, the second pawn, made the finishing point. Only by making the argument clear can we be targeted.
(3) arguments. If we don't pay attention to the latest news and hot science and technology trends around us, the argument will not be novel, and it will be impossible to combine individuality with individuality, epochal (epochal spirit) with historicity (historical materials and new factors), point (detailed cases) with surface (sketched cases) and narrative discussion, and the argument will not serve the argument.
(4) In the aspect of argumentation, we should combine narration with discussion, that is, analyze with examples. Generally, there are the following analytical methods: causal analysis, hypothesis analysis, conditional analysis, meaning analysis, comparative analysis and dialectical analysis. The argument that combines narrative and discussion is a powerful argument.
⑤ Language. Middle school students' discussion language is in a state of "aphasia" and there is no real language of their own. Real language should make people feel the existence of a "living" life. As a special age group, middle school students should have a youthful momentum, praise truth, goodness and beauty, and criticize falsehood, ugliness and ugliness.
⑥ Writing should be standardized. The standard of writing means that the first part of an article should be a quotation, that is, the part that asks questions. It's better to highlight your point in the quotation part, and don't wait until the end. In this part, we should grasp several points. First of all, use positive examples to support the point of view. Second, prove your point of view from another angle with negative examples. Third, in addition to the positive and negative examples, we should also contact the actual life now. The fourth is deep. When we use positive examples and counterexamples to connect with real life, we should pay attention to the fact that the current comments are all reasoning and writing, and we should explain clearly why. This is a deep requirement, and constantly link positive examples and counterexamples with the central arguments in real life.
(2) Basic ideas:
Step 1: Cite materials and present phenomena.
Step 2: Refine the argument from the phenomenon.
Step 3: Analyze and demonstrate opinions. Reminder: It is necessary to connect with reality, stick to arguments and use various argumentation methods.
The fourth step: summarize the full text and put forward the initiative.
(3) Case study
Phenomenon: The taste of moon cakes has changed a little in recent years. (keywords "taste" and "change")
Reference: the central argument is the topic-moon cake consumption should be civilized
Focus on the analysis of "taste changed":
At the end of the article: in response to the beginning of the article, according to the previous phenomena and arguments, two necessities are put forward: (1) thrift; (2) Call for efforts.
(4) Several requirements
The first thing to understand in critical writing is: be passionate and rational. Writing reviews without passion is not enough. Passion means that the writing of current commentary should be like a blowout of natural gas and oil, not gentle, courteous and hesitant, and cannot be squeezed out of a hose like toothpaste and glue. You can't write such bad comments. Generally speaking, when we write articles, especially when commenting on articles, we will always encounter people, events, conflicts, problems, phenomena and so on in our study, life and work.
In addition to passion, it is necessary to have rational, rational analysis, rational judgment and theoretical explanation, which is very necessary. In the final analysis, time evaluation is still a reasonable style, which belongs to the category of argumentative writing, that is, putting facts and reasoning. It is to move with emotion and understand with reason. Otherwise, just expressing feelings without meaning will inevitably lead to promiscuity and even become an abusive article, just like cursing the street. Here, analysis and reasoning are the soul of comments. If "taking facts as the basis and law as the criterion" is a judicial criterion, then the writing of current commentary can also be said to be "taking facts as the basis and taking reason as the criterion".
② timeliness. The restrictions are aimed at the whole news dissemination. Judging from the spread of news commentary, the timeliness requirements of current commentary should be higher and stricter, not so much demanding. Many of Xinhua News Agency's "Xinhua Commentary" are also broadcast with news events or news reports at any time, and some even broadcast earlier than news reports to seize the commanding heights of public opinion guidance. In short, comments are required in a timely, ready and immediate manner.
3 targeted. That's what it means. Where did it come from? What is this for? Targeted or not. Xinhua News Agency's requirements for Xinhua Times Review are "adapting to circumstances", "grasping news events, keeping abreast of the times" and "strong pertinence". The People's Daily's pursuit of "People's Commentary" is to "pay attention to the facts" and "let the commentary and the news go hand in hand", which means that the commentary should see everything, and it should not be aimless, moaning, shooting empty guns and disorderly shooting.
Inside and outside the classroom
Guide the topic
Read the following text and write a comment as needed.
Global response to financial turmoil
The financial crisis that broke out on Wall Street in the United States, like a tsunami, quickly spread to every corner of the country. Both Britain and Japan in developed countries and Africa in underdeveloped economies have felt the impact of the financial tsunami. In today's globalization, no country can be the insulator of the American financial crisis.
After the United States, Britain became the first direct victim of the financial crisis. In the first quarter of 2008, per capita expenditure in Britain was greater than income, and per capita had to take out 4 1 pound from savings every month to make up for the shortage. Faced with the pressure of price increase, consumers have been unable to make ends meet. In Africa, ordinary investors have to reduce their investment in the capital market and cash their funds for daily needs, such as rice, flour, eggs and other items with soaring prices. India, which is closely related to the American economy, is also in danger. In some parts of India, the police have even begun to monitor lakes and canals to prevent losers from committing suicide. The average price index 10 of 225 stocks in Tokyo, Japan, fell to 9502.48 points and 65438 on the afternoon of October 8, almost halved compared with the same period last year. The Wall Street "financial hurricane" whose center is shifting to the European continent continues to escalate, and Iceland has become the hardest hit area of the current crisis. The debt of Icelandic banks has climbed to about 12 times of the country's economy. The market is worried that the credit crisis will seriously impact the country's banks and lead to Iceland's "national bankruptcy".
In response to the global financial turmoil, central banks around the world cut interest rates one after another to rescue the market globally. The meeting of finance ministers of the Group of Seven was held in Washington on June 6th, 6438+00. The finance ministers of the Group of Seven signed a plan and promised to use "all available means" to fight the current financial crisis. The special meeting of G20 finance ministers and central bank governors was held in Washington on June 1 1. The meeting emphasized that the G20 will unite, deepen cooperation and take all feasible measures to deal with the international financial crisis. EU countries have been making unremitting efforts to cope with the financial crisis. The leaders of the euro zone 15 countries held a summit in Paris, France on June 28+02, and reached a unified proposal framework on the rescue measures of the euro zone countries. The 7th ASEM Summit will be held in Beijing on124-25 October. This meeting will discuss how Asian and European countries can strengthen cooperation and overcome difficulties together.
Requirements: (1) The topic is self-drawn; (2) intentional self-selection; (3) Not less than 800 words.
Thinking guidance
-Looking for the sun in the clouds
To write this article well, we must first make clear the scope of writing. It should be said that this is not a problem, it is easy to understand.
Secondly, we should choose a good angle, that is, choose a small angle that we know deeply and have rich material reserves. Only a small angle can dig deep. From a big perspective, human society is more obligated to develop the level of science and technology, develop the economy, safeguard world peace and protect human living space, which requires cooperation between countries; Every country bears the responsibility of prospering its own economy, constantly improving people's living standards and spiritual civilization, inheriting ancient cultural traditions, constantly enriching and developing cultural standards, and maintaining a stable and United political situation, which also requires the cooperation of governments and institutions at all levels. As far as everyone is concerned, generally speaking, people need sincere cooperation in doing anything, and it is difficult or even impossible for a person to do it. Especially in today's society, people are closely related, and it is unrealistic to fight alone.
Third, we should think divergently and openly, and extract as many viewpoints or centers as possible.
Clever title
-a word is natural and eternal.
Topic 1: Cooperation can lead to a win-win situation.
Topic 2: * * * Hold a sky.
Topic 3: Cooperation in My Eyes
Exhibition of outstanding works
-Throw a brick to attract jade.
Cooperation in my eyes
This global economic crisis, no country can be "immune" and ignore it. To tide over the crisis, we must rely on the concerted efforts and unity and cooperation of Qi Xin. In today's globalization, if you just turn a blind eye to your own self-interest, you will not only suffer. Therefore, cooperation is the only way out for the economic development of all countries and can achieve a win-win situation.
Hillary spoke highly of China's development in her speech at the Asia Society of the United States, indicating its important influence on the United States: "The United States and China can benefit from each other's success and contribute to each other's success." "Despite our differences, the United States will continue to commit to developing a positive relationship with China, which we believe is indispensable for the future peace, progress and prosperity of the United States." Yes, everything is in general contact, especially in today's globalization, the contact between countries is closer, which will affect the whole body. When the financial crisis strikes, only the whole world can join hands, help each other in the same boat, and unite and cooperate to minimize the losses. Cooperation is no longer just a business operation mode, but gradually becomes a spirit and an indispensable great force to promote social development.
Cooperation is everywhere. Even in nature, it is not difficult for people to find cooperation. In the ant family, there is a complex but strict division of labor. Worker ants are responsible for exploring the road and finding food, while soldier ants shoulder the safety of the nest. The queen ants give birth to offspring, and some feed them. No more or less members, no contact at all. It is with the cooperative spirit of each member that the ant family can survive.
The production of Concorde, a world-famous aircraft, is accomplished through cooperation and division of labor. Every part of it, from the wing to a screw on the landing gear, is made by professional departments in different countries. Finally, assemble different parts, and a Concorde is counted as one day. Cooperation has truly integrated into every corner of the world.
Cooperation comes from trust. Nowadays, many international organizations and groups are actually based on cooperation, and this cooperation is based on mutual trust between countries. Cooperation needs different individuals to complete together and needs tacit understanding. If individuals lack enough trust, there will be no tacit understanding and cooperation will not succeed. For example, in the rules of the World Trade Organization on regularly reporting the financial situation of signatory countries, if signatory countries falsely report or underreport relevant data in order to maintain their strength, then this distrust will inevitably lead to the failure of cooperation. So it is not difficult to see that cooperation without sincerity and trust is worthless.
Cooperation is power. If you eat with only one chopstick, it can hardly hold a piece of meat, but with a pair of chopsticks, the result will be the opposite. It can be seen that only cooperation can exert the power that individuals do not have and have greater power than individuals. Just like the battle in which the Wu-Shu allied forces defeated Cao Jun, most of them were defeated by less. One of the most important reasons for this is that only cooperation can have infinite power.
Cooperation is indeed a spirit, which originates from trust and is everywhere. More importantly, the power of this spirit is immeasurable. This era calls for many spirits, and the spirit of cooperation will always be an inexhaustible motive force to push forward the times.
Comments: This comment is divided into two parts (cooperation is everywhere-cooperation comes from trust-cooperation is power) and then the general comment (the last paragraph), with clear structure and clear center. It is worth mentioning that the author can appreciate the special significance of the spirit of cooperation to contemporary society from the track of historical development (paragraphs 2 and 5). Of course, this paper also needs to be further improved. For example, the example of "cooperation is everywhere" should be based on human society. But on the whole, this article is good.
Material card
-there are peaks and clouds on the chest.
1, unity-it can help people overcome all kinds of chaos when they need it. Gorky
2, a flower can't make a beautiful spring, so you can move mountains and fill the sea if you come first. -Lei Feng
3, the army and the people unite as one person, and see who can be the enemy in the world. Mao Zedong
If mosquitoes charge together, elephants will be conquered. Sadie
Everyone is a social person, and no one can fight alone for a lifetime. Therefore, in the process of growing up, we should not only stand on our own feet, but also learn to develop in cooperation with others. Only in this way can we stand more stably and go further in today's highly competitive society.
6. In China's economic life, there is a "win-win theory". The tortoise and the hare have run many races, and each has its own outcome. Later, the tortoise and rabbit cooperated. The rabbit ran to the river with the tortoise on its back. Then the tortoise crossed the river with the rabbit on its back. This is "win-win", and competitors can also be partners. As the saying goes, "a fence has three piles, and a hero has three gangs." If you want to achieve something, you have to rely on the concerted efforts of Qi Xin. Throughout ancient and modern times, Chinese and foreign countries, aren't successful people in their careers all models of cooperation?
7. One day, God took a missionary to hell and saw people sitting around a big pot full of porridge. Everyone has a long-handled spoon. No one can send food to his mouth, but he is hungry. God and missionaries came to heaven again. People here are also around a big pot and holding long-handled spoons. It seems that they are very happy. God saw the preacher confused and explained, "People here have learned to feed each other."