The southward migration of the Northern Song Dynasty and the Song-Jin Peace War.
(1) Zhao Gou (Song Gaozong) Deng Ji was founded in the Southern Song Dynasty.
In the first year of Jingkang (1 126), in the middle of November, Zhao Gou, King of Kang, went to Jinying to make peace and arrived in Cizhou. This year, Zong Ze is building the Yugoslav capital, ready to resist gold. Zong Ze advised Zhao Gou not to go to Jinying, while Zhao Gou stayed in Xiangzhou (now Anyang City, Henan Province).
After the nomads from Hui Zong, Qin Zong, empresses and the royal family were plundered, only Zhao Gou, the King of Kang, and the deposed Montessori survived. He fought with Nomads from Daming to Kaide (Daming in Hebei to Puyang in Henan) for 13 times, and won many battles. He went to Weinan (now East of Huaxian County in Henan) alone and defeated Nomads in a row.
Knowing that the nomads from the Yellow River had captured the emblem, Qin Huang went north, so he led his troops to Huazhou and switched to Daming, intending to cross the Yellow River, cut off the nomads from the back road and cut back to Qin Huang. Zong Ze scattered Song Bing to neighboring areas and acted with * * *. Song Bing from all over the country will expire in the future. Zong Ze's plan could not be realized, so he wrote to Kang Wang and Zhao Gou to make him emperor. After the retreat of the Nomads, the courtiers in the capital and the Song Dynasty outside the capital refused to accept the orders of the Chu regime and put pressure on it to return the regime to Zhao and re-establish Zhao as emperor. Zhang Bangchang has been spurned by the people and can't stand in Tokyo. Lu Haowen and other officials hoped that Zhang Bangchang would make Zhao Gou emperor. Therefore, Zhang Bangchang said that it was only a stopgap measure for him to be a puppet emperor, and invited Montessori to come out to listen to politics after the abolition of Zhezong. He also wrote to Zhao Gou, the King of Kang who was far away from home, asking Zhao Gou to be emperor. On the first day of May, Zhao Gou proclaimed himself emperor (Song Gaozong) in Nanjing Yingtianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) and changed his name to make suggestions. This reconstructed Zhao-Song Dynasty is called the Southern Song Dynasty.
After Nanjing rebuilt the Song Dynasty, the primary question remained: whether to resist Japan or surrender to the invading Jin Dynasty. In this regard, the sharp struggle between the main battle and the main surrender in the original Northern Song Dynasty reappeared in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Shortly after Song Gaozong acceded to the throne, Li Gang, who had high hopes from the anti-Japanese war faction, was appointed as the prime minister, and Zong Ze, the deputy marshal, was informed by Kaifengfu and led the troops to Tokyo. Li Gang and Zong Ze became the main representatives of the Anti-Japanese War faction at that time. The emperor also used Huang Qian Shan, deputy marshal, as assistant minister of Chinese books and participated in government affairs. Wang Boyan knew the Privy Council and was in charge of military power.
Huang Qianshan and Wang Boyan are representatives of capitulationists.
Song Gaozong is as afraid of fighting the ruler as his father and brother. Shortly after the establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty, the capitulators sent people to the Jin Dynasty for peace. He wrote to Wan Yan Zonghan and Wan Yan Zongwang, indicating that the Southern Song Dynasty was willing to take the Yellow River as the boundary and cede many counties such as Hedong and Hebei, which were still controlled, to the rulers. The capitulators strongly opposed the anti-Japanese faction Li Gang. In the Imperial History, Cheng Yanqi said: Li Gang was hated by Jin people and should not be a relative. Fan Zongyin, the right admonition doctor, said: Li Gang's name is grandiose, and he has the power to shock the Lord, so he can't give up. Li Gang broke through the obstructionism of the capitulators. In June, he was called into the DPRK as the prime minister, tried his best to plan the program of reviving Korea for Emperor Gaozong, and put forward ten suggestions against Jin Jianguo. In view of the reality of military and political corruption since the Northern Song Dynasty, he promulgated 2 1 new army system and strictly implemented the reward and punishment system. In order to prevent the nomads from invading again, the defense deployment was readjusted, and command posts were built along the river, along the Huaihe River and along the river, and counties were divided into big counties and small counties, each with a certain number of troops for defense; He also began to build warships along the river and train the water army, so as to give full play to Song Jun's advantages in resisting the invasion of nomads from the river. In view of the fact that the Southern Song Dynasty was just established, the regular army had no time to reorganize and had not yet formed an armed force capable of resisting gold. Li Gang advocated supporting the military and civilian struggle against gold in the two rivers, and decided to set up Hebei Zhaofu Department and Hedong Economic and Trade Department, appointed Zhang Zhaofu as Hebei Zhaofu Ambassador and Fu Liang as Hedong Economic and Trade Assistant, and allocated money and materials to recruit volunteers to fight nomads in Hebei and Hedong. The people of the two rivers responded enthusiastically and their morale was greatly boosted.
Li Gang fought fiercely with the capitulators while arranging anti-gold. The main issues in the debate:
The first is the question of peace and war against Kim.
The emperors, Huang and Qian Shan all fantasized about surrendering to Jin in exchange for Jin's recognition of the Southern Song regime. Under the pretext of welcoming Hui Di and Emperor Qin, envoys were constantly sent to present gold and silver treasures to the Nuzhen nobles to explore the possibility of lowering gold. The Jin dynasty, which took the second emperor as its exile, made great efforts to prepare for the war, which would harm the second emperor and suppress the idea of the anti-Japanese faction.
Li Gang, on the other hand, believes that blind compromise and concession to the rulers can only encourage the aggressive ambitions of the Jurchen nobles. Today, the courage to study law is ok, but humility and generosity are not. He advocated all peace talks, specializing in self-defense, and seriously renovating combat readiness, in order to defeat the nomads from three years later, get rid of the shame of ancient times, and strive for the second emperor to come back without waiting for welcome.
The second is how to deal with the puppet emperor Zhang Bangchang.
For fear of offending Jin people, Wang and Huang San Imperial Capital wanted to use it as an important tool for them to contact Yan and Yan to surrender. Instead of punishing Zhang Bangchang for losing national integrity and collaborating with the enemy to surrender, they touted him as a teacher, serving our army and being the king of Tongan County.
Li Gang insisted that Emperor Gaozong severely punish Zhang Bangchang to win the hearts of the people, and expressed his willingness to die with the traitors. If Zhang Bangchang is not severely punished, he will resolutely resign.
The third is where to build the capital.
Wang and Huang advocated abandoning Kaifeng, the capital, abandoning the Central Plains and continuing to flee south, and moving the capital to Jiankangfu (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), which was the danger of the Yangtze River.
Li Gang believes that Kaifeng is the seat of the ancestral temple in the Song Dynasty and the foundation of the world, and should not be abandoned. When the capital is destroyed by nomadic people, one of Chang 'an, Dengzhou and Xiangyang can be chosen as the temporary capital first, and then moved back after Kaifeng is repaired.
The fourth is how to deal with the anti-gold armed forces of the Central Plains people.
Wang, Huang and other surrenders took a completely hostile attitude towards the anti-gold armed forces of the people in Liangjiang, calling them thieves. As soon as Gao Zonggang ascended the throne, Huang and Wang immediately suggested that the thief militia should be the control and elite troops should be selected and incorporated into the loyalist. In fact, they dissolved the anti-gold militia and prohibited them from resisting gold.
Li Gang adopted the opposite policy towards the capitulators, relying on the Liangjiang militia to resist gold. Huang, Wang and others planned the destruction, and instructed the famous officials to say: After the establishment of the Zhaofu envoy, there will be many thieves in Hebei, so we should stop them as soon as possible.
Li Gang argued that Zhang Suo had not set out yet, so how did Zhang Yiqian know about his harassment? He also said: The imperial court set up an envoy to surrender because the people of Hebei had no command and used the people's strength to protect the country and defend the country. It's not after the trick is set that thieves appear. Fu set out for more than ten days, and Huang Qianshan accused him of staying behind. Li Gang defended Fu Liang again, but the emperor didn't listen. He dismissed Zhang Suo and Fu Liang and abolished Zhaofu and Jingzhi. At this time, Zhang Jun, an imperial envoy in the temple, slandered Li Gang for collaborating with the enemy, which damaged the New Deal. Attacking Li Gang to refute the surrender speech is to put an end to his words. Rectifying the Chaogang is a monopoly of state affairs, and Li Gang has been charged with more than a dozen crimes, demanding his removal. Li Gang served as Prime Minister for only 75 days and was removed from office on August 18. Former students and scholar Ouyang Che jointly wrote a letter, bluntly saying that Li Gang could not stop and Huang and Wang could not use it, and asked the emperor to return to Beijing and personally sign to welcome Hui and Qin. The emperor beheaded Chen Dong and Ouyang Che. All the anti-Jin Xingguo measures proposed by Li Gang were abolished after his strike. The emperor, Huang and Wang all hold military and political power.
After Li Gang was expelled from North Korea, Zong Ze, a veteran in his seventies, fought resolutely against the capitulators.
Zong Ze (1059 ~ 1 128) was originally from Yiwu, Wuzhou (now Yiwu, Zhejiang). From the sixth year of Yuan You's stay in Song Zhezong (109 1), he became a scholar. Although he has been depressed for a long time, he has always been concerned about state affairs. After the first retreat from the besieged city in Kaifeng, the nomads from the Jin Dynasty were called to the imperial court as admonishers, and repeatedly expressed their anti-Jin opinions in the DPRK, refuting the words and deeds of surrender. When Jin Bing besieged Kaifeng for the second time, he attacked Jin Bing's city alone. After the establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty, Li Gang appreciated his clear anti-Jin stance. In June of the first year of Jianyan (1 127), he was recommended by Li Gang as Kaifeng Prefecture Yin, and was soon appointed as Tokyo Left-behind and Kaifeng Prefecture Yin.
Kaifeng, the capital of song dynasty, is a world-famous bustling city, devastated by the looting of nomadic people. Hard-working soldiers from all walks of life have no unified command and loose discipline. The city is chaotic, materials are scarce, and people's lives are difficult. As soon as Zong Ze arrived in Kaifeng, he immediately set out to rectify the order of the city, executed a group of villains who colluded with the nomads from the city to rob and maim the people, and prohibited stealing to drive up prices, so that Kaifeng gradually returned to normal.
In view of the small number of people in Kaifeng at that time, Zong Ze paid attention to uniting the Central Plains to resist gold. Thanks to Zong Ze's efforts, Wang Shan, Jin Ding, Wang Zaixing, Li Gui, Jin Yang and many other rebel leaders joined Zong Ze's team. It is said that Kaifeng has gathered 6.5438+0.8 million volunteers, which is really a living force against gold.
On the basis of stabilizing people's hearts and uniting the volunteers, Zong Ze actively built Kaifeng defense line. On the four walls of Kaifeng city, there are commanders and defenders who are responsible for guarding certain areas, and the recruited volunteers belong to the commanders and defenders of the four walls. Around Kaifeng, 24 solid barriers were built, and tens of thousands of troops were stationed in each channel to protect the periphery of Kaifeng. Establish a fish scale Julian village along the south bank of the Yellow River, and send troops to each village; At the same time, many deep and wide trenches were dug, and obstacles were set along the trenches to prevent the rulers from cavalry. Under the design of Zong Ze, it took him four or five months to build such a solid defense system in Kaifeng. This was rare in the Southern Song Dynasty.
After the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, people all over the Central Plains could not bear the slavery of the Jin people and rose up against them. Among them, several large-scale rebel armies are: the Eight-character Army-Wang Yan, a native of Hanoi, was appointed by Zhang as the governor of Zhaofu, Hebei Province. After Zhang was dismissed, Wang Yan led some rebels into Taihang Mountain area and insisted on resisting gold. Because the rebel soldiers tattooed their hearts on their faces to serve the country and vowed to kill the gold thief, they were called the Eight-character Army. The Eight-character Army bravely resisted the gold and killed the enemy, which was responded by the people of the two rivers. Militia leaders Fu Xuan, Meng De, and Jiao led more than 100,000 people in Shijiu Village to surrender. The Eight-character Army fought tenaciously with the 8 Jin Army for hundreds of times, which contained the 8 Jin Army's southward invasion.
The Red Scarf Army was active in Jincheng and Changzhi at first, and then extended to Hebei and Shaanxi.
Huge, well-organized, in step, desperate. In a battle, deputy marshals Jin Zuo and Wan Yan Han Zong were almost captured. The Jin army hated the Red Scarf Army, and pursued it most urgently, but the Red Scarf Army team grew day by day.
Wumashan (now in Zanhuang County, Hebei Province) stationed troops to raise an army, led by Song officials Zhao Bangjie and Ma Kuo. Later, they established (the emperor's brother), claiming to believe that Wang was the main commander, with a number of more than 6.5438+million. They were active in Hebei, Shaanxi and other regions.
After being suppressed by Song Jun, the peasant water army of the water margin uprising continued to take water margin as its stronghold and persisted in fighting. After the Jin army invaded the Central Plains, the water army headed by Zhang Rong formed a strong anti-Jin team.
After the Jin Army invaded the Central Plains, the anti-Jin Rebels, mainly farmers, soldiers, junior officers, small traders and peasant revolutionary armed forces who resisted the rule of the Song Dynasty, were active in the north and south of the river and in the Taihang East and West, and became an important force against the invasion and plunder of the Jin Army.
On the contrary, Emperor Gaozong, Huang Qian Shan, Wang Boyan and others crowded out the anti-Japanese faction, defected to Li Gang in August, and implemented the plan of fleeing south in 10. Emperor Gaozong fled from Yingtianfu to Yangzhou along the canal with the capitulators, and Song Ting finally moved from north to south.
The rulers learned that Gao Zongnan had fled, and in December the soldiers invaded the Central Plains again in three ways.
Jindong Road Army led by Wan Yan Zongfu and Wan Yanzong Bi (Wu Shu) has been under construction for two years (1 128).
Qingzhou and Weizhou in Shandong Province were captured in the first month, and Qiancheng County was defeated by the People's Armed Forces. 8 8 8 Jin Jun abandoned Qingzhou and Weizhou and retreated. Zhang Rong's water army, active in the water margin area, dispatched 10,000 warships, which dealt a heavy blow to the 8 Jin Army.
The Middle Route Army led by Wan Yan Han Zong captured Xijing Luoyang in December of the first year of Jian 'an (1 127).
In the second year of Jianyan (1 128), in the first month, Zhai Jin, governor of Xijing, and his brother Zhai Xing defeated Jin Bing at Zaofanling and Lvyan in Yichuan. In March, we defeated the Jin Army in Fuchang and Longmen, drove the Jin Army back to Hebei and recovered Xijing Luoyang.
After Zhai Jin's death, Zhai Xing kept close contact with the rebels in Hedong and Hebei, and cooperated with them.
The Shanxi West Route Army led by Lou Bao captured Chang 'an in the first month of the second year of Jianyan. In February, China, Qi (now Fengxiang South, Shaanxi Province), Long and Qin were even involved. Wang Shu recruited volunteers from the north and south of the Yellow River to resist gold. Within ten days, Monti, Zhong You, Zhang Mian, Zhang Jian, Li Jin and Li Yanxian each had ten thousand soldiers.
The volunteers led by Li Yanxian, a native of the Duke of Zhou (now Longxi, Gansu), fought against nomads many times. 1 month, more than 50 enemy base areas were broken. In March, Shaanxi (now Shaanxi County, Henan Province) was recovered, and Jiangzhou (now Xinjiang, Shanxi Province) and Jiezhou (now Jiezhou Town, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province) were recovered across the Yellow River. Shao Xing led the volunteers to see Li Yanxian, who ordered him to lead troops to cross the river and recover the four towns belonging to Pinglu County. Another volunteer leader, Liu Xiliang, recovered Fengxiang and Zhang Zongxi recovered Chang 'an. Shanxi Jinbing arrived in Xianyang and saw the volunteers on both sides of the Weihe River holding anti-gold flags. They dare not fight any more, so they have to retreat.
The people's heroic resistance to gold has won many battles, once again creating a good opportunity to recover lost ground against gold. The emperor and a group of capitulationists ignored and supported him. Instead, in the second year of Jian Yan (1 128), he wrote a letter in the first month, slandered the rebel army, lied about the name of the diligent king, and ordered its dissolution. After receiving this letter, veteran Zong Ze immediately fired him and demanded that the emperor take back his task, speak for himself and punish himself.
It was learned that the resistance to gold in Lianghe and other places could not be supported by the Song Dynasty. Once the militia was suppressed by Jin Bing, it would be more difficult to recover the lost land in Song Dynasty. Zong Ze wrote to Emperor Gaozong, asking him to open Kaifeng, and Zong Ze also set out to cross the Yellow River to recover lost ground. In May of the second year of the proposal, he handed it over to Gaozong, put forward the plan of crossing the river in February, and asked Gaozong to make a decisive decision and return to Kaifeng to direct the feat of the Northern Expedition.
At this time, Song Gaozong was living a decadent life in Yangzhou with a group of capitulationists. From the very beginning, they set up many obstacles to obstruct Zong Ze's anti-gold deployment in Kaifeng. They are even uneasy about Zong Ze's growing popularity in Kaifeng. Not only ignored Zong Ze's plan to start the Northern Expedition, but also prepared to send guards and Ma Jun to command Guo Zhongxun to Kaifeng as the deputy left-behind in Tokyo to monitor Zong Ze's actions.
Zong Ze could not help feeling sad and angry when he saw that his plan of crossing the river to recover lost territory, which he had painstakingly managed for many years, went down the drain. Finally, I got sick, and I got sick in June of two years. On his deathbed, he said with deep sorrow to the visiting generals: I became ill because of the dust of the two saints (referring to Hui Zong and Qin Zong). If you can annihilate the same hatred for me, so as to achieve the purpose of returning to the Lord, I will never hate it. The generals replied with tears: I am willing to do my best! Zong Ze recited Du Fu's poems with tears in his eyes: But before he conquered, he was dead, and since then, the heroes have been crying on their coats. In the second year of Jian Yan (1 128), on July 12, the 70-year-old veteran who had been fighting against gold for a lifetime finally crossed the river for three times and died of unfinished business.
After Zong Ze's death, the High Sect surrendered and sent Du Chong to replace Tokyo. After Du Chong arrived in Kaifeng, the anti-gold facilities in Zong Ze were completely destroyed. The vigilante groups convened by Zong Ze also dispersed because of dissatisfaction with Du Chong's perverse behavior. Kaifeng, the coveted capital of China, has become an unguarded city.
(2) The confrontation between Song and Jin.
Song Gaozong and his capitulationists attacked and rejected Li Gang, Zong Ze and other leaders of the anti-gold faction, slandered and banned brave anti-gold rebels in various places. Some state and county officials connected with the rebels were arbitrarily killed on charges of contacting thieves. Song Gaozong and the capitulators acted in order to please the rulers and bend their knees to surrender. However, Song Gaozong's shameless self-destruction and resistance to the Great Wall of Gold further encouraged the aggressive ambition of the Jurchen nobles. The rulers saw that the defense facilities in Kaifeng were destroyed after Zong Ze's death, and the rebels in the two rivers fought alone, thinking that this was a good time to invade the south. In the autumn of the second year of Jian Yan (1 128), Jin Bing invaded south again, aiming at Yangzhou. Emperor Taizong of Jin also issued an imperial edict against Zhao Gou, ordering Jin Jun to capture Zhao Gou alive and pursue him. Nomads from the south, captured five horse stronghold, resistance to Jin Yijun failed. Hong Yan Han Zong's army rose from the clouds, fell into Zhou Pu and Aiyuan, and entered Shandong. In the first month of the third year of Jianyan (1 129), Zong successively captured Xuzhou, Huaiyang and Sizhou, and sent troops to attack Yangzhou. At the beginning of February, emperors Gaozong, Wang Boyan, Huang Ganshan and others who lived in Yangzhou were frightened when they heard the emergency report of Nomads from the army attacking Yangzhou. On the third day of February, Emperor Gaozong heard the news that Tianchang Army (now Tianchang, Anhui Province) was captured by the quick department, led the imperial brigade to control Wang Yuan and his trusted eunuch Kang Lu, fled Yangzhou in panic, and then crossed the river to Zhenjiang. At that time, because there was no preparation for crossing the river to the south, the nomads from the army plundered after entering Yangzhou and retreated after burning the city.
1。 After Miao Liuzhi's Song Gaozong fled to Zhenjiang, officials arrived one after another and then fled to Hangzhou. Huang Qianshan and Wang Boyan were notorious for their surrender, and the public and the opposition were furious. The emperor was forced to recall Wang and Huang, and was appointed Prime Minister, taking charge of the Privy Council. General Miao Fu and Liu Zhengyan were enemies with Wang Yuan, and he refused to accept Wang Yuan's promotion. They also heard that Wang Yuan was in contact with Kang Lv, a tyrannical eunuch, and thought that Wang Yuan's promotion was obtained through collusion with eunuchs. Out of resentment against Wang Yuan and eunuchs, a mutiny was launched in Hangzhou in March, killing Wang Yuan, Kang Lu and several eunuchs, forcing Emperor Gaozong to give way to the three-year-old Crown Prince Zhao Fu, and letting the Queen Mother Montessori (that is, after the abolition of Zhezong) listen to politics. This is the change of Miao and Liu. Miao Fu and Liu Zhengyan launched the mutiny out of personal grievances against Wang Yuan and Kang Lu. However, their posts after the mutiny revealed that the traitor made mistakes in the country and played politics with Chamberlain, which led to the innocent death of several creatures during the invasion of Nomads, accusing Chamberlain and other ministers of failing to repair the province and sticking to the rules. Song Gaozong's trust in officials and unfair rewards and punishments truly reflected the real situation of political corruption in the Southern Song Dynasty.
The organizers of this mutiny, Miao Fu and Liu Zhengyan, did not have clear political opinions or strategies, so they did not get wide support from civil servants and military commanders in the Southern Song Dynasty. Zhang Jun, who opposed the mutiny, led an army to Hangzhou, forcing Miao and Liu to agree to restore the throne. The mutiny failed and Miao and Liu were killed.
2。 After the emperor knelt down for peace, Jin Bing invaded Miao and Liu again and was suppressed, Prime Minister Zhu Shengfei resigned. Lv Yihao is the prime minister, and Zhang Jun knows about the Privy Council. Seeing the critical situation, Song Gaozong ordered jiangning house to be renamed Jiankang House (now Nanjing). In May (1 129), he moved north from Hangzhou and settled here, and his trip followed him. On the one hand, he ordered anti-gold, ditched water in Jianghuai area to stop the rulers cavalry, and appointed Zhang Jun as Fu Xuan's envoy in Sichuan and Shaanxi, authorizing him to organize the anti-gold struggle in Shaanxi; On the other hand, we have not given up the idea of making peace with Kim. As soon as he arrived at Jiankang, he sent Hong Hao as the special envoy of Dajintong, and asked Hong Hao to take a letter to Han Zong for peace. The ruler refused to allow it and detained Songshi. In August, Emperor Gaozong sent Du Shiliang as the former special envoy of Otsu Army to make peace. He said in the Book of Peace: Today, there is no one to follow the rules and no place to run. So, it is a matter of time. Forgive only your own sadness. Begging Han Zong to give himself a way out, he expressed his willingness to get rid of the title of emperor and used the year number of the ruler as a vassal of the ruler. This peace book is the confession of Emperor Gaozong who knelt down and surrendered.
Jurchen nobles were not moved by Song Gaozong's shameless pleading. After three years of advice (1 129), at the end of August, Jin Jun, under the leadership of Wan Yanzong Bi (Wu Shu), launched a massive attack on Jianghuai, preparing to wipe out the Southern Song regime in one fell swoop. Hearing the news that 8 Jin Army was going south again, the emperor quickly handed over the responsibility of guarding the Yangtze River to Du Chong, who escaped from Kaifeng, and asked the Queen Mother Longyou to flee from Jiankang to Jiangxi. He rushed to Zhenjiang from Jiankang.
In early September, he fled from Zhenjiang to Changzhou. 10, he fled to Hangzhou. Nomads from two roads. All the way from Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei) crossed the Yangtze River, and captured Hongzhou (now Nanchang, Jiangxi) eastward, ready to capture the Queen Mother Longyou. Another route, led by Wu Shu himself, crossed the river from Majiadu, captured Taiping House (now Dangtu, Anhui Province), and then headed for Jiankang House. Before the nomads from Du Chong crossed the river, he didn't deploy a guard against the enemy. Instead, when the nomads from the river advanced on Jiankang House, he quickly fled to Zhou Zhen in Jiangbei (now Yizheng County, Jiangsu Province) by boat and surrendered to the nomads from the river. Nomads from the army then occupied Jiankang House. In December, Zongbi invaded Hangzhou and prepared to capture Song Gaozong alive. Nomads from the army like nobody's business, has conquered Hangzhou, Yuezhou, Mingzhou, Dinghai.
When Song Gaozong saw that the nomads from Hangzhou were after him, he took the advice of Prime Minister Lv Yihao and fled from Hangzhou to Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), and from Yuezhou to Mingzhou (Ningbo, Zhejiang), and from Mingzhou to Dinghai, and took refuge in Wenzhou along the coast. After Zongbi chased Hangzhou, he stationed on the spot, sent troops to chase Gaozong to Mingzhou, and also chased him to the sea by boat. The nomads from the sea were not used to naval battles, but they were chased by ships, and were scattered by the big ship led by Zhang, the national defense envoy, in a big storm. In addition, the climate of the south of the Yangtze River and the geography of rivers and lakes are not suitable for the cavalry of the Jin Dynasty. Seeing that Song Gaozong was not caught, Zong Bi was afraid that he would be cut off by himself, so he plundered all over the south of the Yangtze River and in the city of Hangzhou, and loaded the plundered property on board. In February (1 130), I left Hangzhou and withdrew north along the canal. Nomads who invaded Jiangxi and Hunan also retreated northward. Song Gaozong returned to Yuezhou from Wenzhou only after seeing the nomads from the north, and promoted Yuezhou to Shaoxing as the temporary seat of the Southern Song government.
Nomads from the north, burning and looting all the way, more aroused public anger. Some anti-Japanese generals commanded the army and rose up against the nomads.
3。 Song Jiang's Anti-Gold Campaign (1) and Huang Tiandang's Battle made Han Shizhong stationed in Zhenjiang. In March (1 130), when Zongbi's fleet was evacuated to Zhenjiang in the north, Han Shizhong and his wife Liang had already led a large number of warships to wait there. Zong Bi went to the Longwang Temple in Jinshan to survey the terrain, and was almost captured by Han Shizhong's ambush. In the battle, the nomads from the boat is small, and they don't learn to fight in the water, so they can't compete with Han Shizhong. Han Shizhong ordered Liang to pour the wine himself. Song Jun was in high spirits, bravely killed the enemy, and Zongbi suffered a crushing defeat. Huang Tianjing was besieged for 48 days. Zong Bi's 8 Jin Army was desperate, and sent someone to Han Shizhong to give up the plundered property and give a famous horse in exchange for retreat, which was severely rejected by Han Shizhong. Later, a spy told Zong Bi that as long as the blocked old stork river was dug up, he could reach Qinhuai River. Zongbi ordered 8 jin j to dig through the old stork river of 50 miles overnight before fleeing from Qinhuai River to Jiankang. This is the famous battle of Huang Tiandang in history. Although Song Jun didn't win the battle, Han Shizhong besieged the so-called 654.38+ Wanjinjun with a team of 8,000 people, which reversed the trend of blind surrender and flight in the Southern Song Dynasty, which was of great significance.
(2) In the Battle of Jiankang, Zong Bi fled from Huang Tiandang to Jiankang, where he looted and set fire to the city. Jinbing concentrated the looted property in Liuhe. From Guabukou to Liuhe, there are countless ships full of looted materials. Nomads from burning Jiankang mansion, ready to cross the river from Jing 'an Town and return to the north. After the nomads from the army arrived in Jing 'an, it was hit hard by Song Jiang Yuefei.
Yue Fei (1103-1142), a native of Tangyin, Xiangzhou, Hebei West Road (now Henan), was a famous gold fighter and national hero in the Southern Song Dynasty. Born in a farmhouse, he used to be a tenant. Xuanhe joined the army in the fourth year (1 122) and participated in the Liao campaign. In the first year of Jingkang (1 126), the Jin army invaded south and attacked Kaifeng, Tokyo. Zhao Gou, King Kang, built the Grand Marshal's Mansion in Xiangzhou (now Anyang, Henan), and Yue Fei volunteered to join the army to resist gold. In the first year of Jianyan (1 127), the Northern Song Dynasty perished and Song Gaozong ascended the throne. Yue Fei wrote to ask the emperor to return the capital and recover the lost land, which was intercepted by Song Ting. Later, Zhang Suo, Wang Yan, Zong Ze and others. Fight 8 jin j, and make great achievements. After Du Chong replaced Zong Ze, Yue Fei was ruled by Du Chong. After three years of advice (1 129), Jiankang fell, and Du Chong defected and his salary was reduced. Yue Fei rallied the rest to continue to resist gold and moved to Yixing County controlled by Zhang Jun. Yue Fei, a 27-year-old young general, has been fighting on the battlefield for four years and has always insisted on resisting gold. Yue Fei led a well-trained, disciplined and high-spirited Song Jun's struggle against gold.
Nomads from the army burned and looted Jiankang House, and Yue Feijun was stationed in the front line not far from Jiankang. Yue Fei learned that Nomads from the army had arrived in Jing 'an Town. Before Zhang Jun's command, he took the initiative to launch a sudden onslaught on the nomads from Jinan. The original Jiankang decided that he needed money, but refused to put it down after the collapse of Jiankang. Near Jing' an town, rebels and rural soldiers who resisted gold persisted in resisting.
The Vietnamese army attacked the nomads from behind the enemy lines, and the rural soldiers fought out from behind the enemy lines and cooperated closely. Under the attack of the two armies, the nomads from the army was defeated. /kloc-More than 0/70 nomads and soldiers were killed. Song Jun seized nearly 200 Jinbing vests and more than 3,500 bows, arrows, swords, flags and golden drums. Nomads from the army sent troops to meet the enemy because of his laziness, and also sailed a boat to burn Han Shizhong's seagoing ship that intercepted Nomads from Zhenjiang to Jiankang River, making it retreat northward. Nomads from retreat, yue fei, money need to be stationed in health house, recover health.
(3) After the failure of Zongbi's invasion of Jiangnan in Fuping War, he was always afraid to invade Jiangnan easily. Under the new situation, the nobles of the Jin Dynasty also changed their strategy of attacking the Southern Song Dynasty: on the one hand, they sent Qin Gui as a spy to sneak into the Nanjing court to lure him into surrender and sabotage the anti-Japanese activities; On the one hand, Liu Yu was established as Emperor Daqi in the Central Plains between Huanghuai and established a buffer zone between Jin and Song Dynasties.
When Emperor Gaozong fled to the south and decided to give up the Central Plains, Jin Taizong told Wan Yanzong that a puppet regime like Zhang Bangchang should be re-established. Liu Yu, the magistrate of Jinan Prefecture in Song Dynasty, was under construction for two years (1 128).
When Jin Jun invaded the south, he killed Guan Sheng, the governor of Jinan, and defected and surrendered his gold. Liu Yu shamelessly bribed and gave gifts to Wan Yanchang (lazy), the general of Jin State, to make him a puppet emperor. On the way to the south, the Jin army captured fame and returned to Germany, and after Du Chong left his post, he captured Nanjing in February of the fourth year of Jianyan (1 130). In September, the ruler established Liu Yu as the emperor of Daqi in Daming, and appointed Zhang Xiaochun, the former magistrate of Taiyuan in the Song Dynasty, as the prime minister.
In the four years since the proposal was made, the Jin Dynasty shifted the focus of its war against the Song Dynasty from Jianghuai to Shaanxi, with the aim of seizing Shaanxi, so as to remove the side threat of the Song Dynasty to the two rivers occupied by the Jin Dynasty. In the autumn of the 4th year of Jianyan (1 130), Song Gaozong made a wrong judgment on the movement of the nomads from the Yangtze River and thought that the nomads from the Yangtze River would invade again. As he prepared to escape again, he ordered Sichuan and Shaanxi to announce that Zhang Jun had sent troops to contain the nomads from the south.
Jin Zongbi invaded the southeast, and Loubao led the troops to attack Shaanxi. Li Yanxian, the Song general, led the troops for two years. After more than 200 battles, the Jin Army could not move forward. Zhang Jun ordered Qu Duan to go to the rescue, but Qu Duan stayed put. In the end, the grain in Shaanxi was helpless, and Li Yanxian died heroically. The nomads from the army marched straight into the pass. In the Song army, only Wu Jun, the lieutenant of Qu Duan, led the troops to fight back, and defeated 8 Jin Army in Qingxiling and Pengyuan Hall successively.
In September of the fourth year of Jianyan (1 130), the ruler sent Zong Fu, the prince and the right deputy marshal, to Shaanxi, and joined the Loubao Department of Shaanxi in the north, intending to go deep into Shaanxi and then invade the southeast along the Yangtze River. At this time, Zhang Jun received an order from Song Gaozong to send troops to Shanzhou. Ambitious and headstrong, the special envoy for Sichuan-Shaanxi disposition put all his eggs in one basket, and called Liu Xi, Wu Jun, Liu Wei, Sun W, Zhao Zhe and other Qinchuan five-way troops, about 300,000 * *, to attack the nomads from the army. Before the meeting, Zhang Jun and some Song generals thought that they had superior troops and they could win the battle. They didn't survey the terrain carefully and didn't arrange the array. Although there are many people and the camp is not strong, it is full of holes. Using Song Bing's idea of underestimating the enemy, the nomads from the army attacked at one stroke when the other side relaxed its fighting spirit because of underestimating the enemy.
The Fifth Route Army led by Liu Xi was completely annihilated in Fuping World War I, and a large number of munitions were discarded. This is the battle of Fuping, which is the first large-scale resistance of Song Jun since 8 Jin Army invaded the south. Song Jun was defeated and retreated, and 8 Jin Army invaded Guanlong.
(4) Fuping River was defeated in the battle of Yuan Dynasty, and Zhang Jun only led more than 65,438+10,000 people to retreat to xing zhou (now Lueyang, Shaanxi Province) in Shukou and fled from xing zhou to Langzhou, Sichuan (now Langzhong, Sichuan Province). All the troops in the Southern Song Dynasty were defeated in Shaanxi, and by March of the first year of Shaoxing (1 13 1), Shaanxi Fifth Road was basically occupied by Jin.
Then, Shanxi Jinbing attacked the outposts of Shukou and Shangyuan (now southwest of Baoji, Shaanxi), with the aim of occupying Shukou and marching into Sichuan.