Zhu ziqing

Teaching objectives

1. Through repeated and emotional reading, we can perceive the content of the text and grasp the author's thoughts and feelings as a whole.

2. Clear your mind, especially understand the author's thinking activities through observation.

3. Learn the author's characteristic, multi-angle and sequential scenery description methods, and apply them to practical writing, so as to improve the ability of scenery description.

I can form my own unique understanding of the wonderful sentences in the text. Give priority to encouragement, but pay attention to the direction of guidance. )

5. Grammatically, we should master the rhetorical methods of metaphor and personification.

6. From the study of this article, I learned how to read and appreciate it.

Teaching focus

1. Learn the general method of describing scenery from the author's observation thinking.

2. Master the methods of reading and appreciating American articles, and initially form the ability of self-learning such articles.

3. Master the rhetorical methods of metaphor and personification, and make full use of association and imagination.

teaching method

Situational teaching method and key cut-in method

Teaching assumption

Multimedia teaching, by appreciating this article, learn the writing method of prose.

Course type

New teaching

Preview guide

list

Class arrangement

Two class hours

teaching process

(first class)

First, introduce the new lesson 1'

Spring is charming, full of vitality and poetic. Today, let's walk into the beautiful spring together and turn our hearts into beautiful scenery full of poetry and painting. I remember Meng Haoran's Spring Dawn and Du Fu's Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night. How many writers have described spring so affectionately? Today, let's read another beautiful essay "Spring" (projecting the title of the text and learning objectives).

Second, the author profile 1'

Zhu Ziqing is a famous poet and essayist. His prose, with fresh and simple words, delicate description, sincere feelings and beautiful nature, is memorable to read. He loves, observes and depicts nature, and all his landscape essays are endowed with infinite affection for nature.

He graduated from philosophy department of Peking University in his early years, and then studied in Britain for one year. After returning to China, he became a professor in Tsinghua University. He died on 1948 at the age of 50. His famous works include Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, Back, and Green, which we will learn in middle school. Today, let's learn his article Spring first.

Third, read aloud 16'

1. Ask a classmate to read the text aloud. Everyone should appreciate the scenery and breath of spring with heart. When we meet good words and sentences in the process of reading, we draw them with a pen. This is not only the first step for us to learn to appreciate and improve our appreciation ability, but also a common method for reading extracurricular articles and accumulating vocabulary.

Pronunciation orthography: the word "rising" of "rising water" is a polysemous word.

Scatter (s m 4 n) in grass, brew (yùn niàng) and nest (cháo).

(hè), dizzy (yê n), rolling (suū), water rising (zhng), restraining (cháo).

Chaos (cáng), rising water (zh m: ng)

Hide and seek (cáng), cage (lǒng) with a layer of (céng) thin (bó) cigarettes.

Scatter: scatter (s ǐ n) scatter (sàn) in the grass.

Fourth, analyze wonderful sentences.

1, hope from spring. 3'

Now, please read the first paragraph neatly and pay attention to the author's expected tone. Think about it, where is this paragraph well written?

(1) Why should we use two "expectations" together, but not one to express the author's expectation?

Clarity: On the one hand, this repetition expresses the author's longing for spring. For example, when we call our friends or parents, it is often more urgent to call them twice than once. On the other hand, it also hangs the reader's heart. Expect, expect what? I went up a step in my heart, but I didn't write it, but I was still looking forward to it. I am very anxious and my mood has reached a new level. What am I expecting? The east wind is coming. Why is the author so excited? Before the answer came out, my mind reached a higher level. Finally, the author wrote, "Spring is coming". It turns out that the author is looking forward to spring. This made our readers have the desire to continue reading and exploring what he wrote later, which caused the sound of * * *. )

Through this repetition, the author not only expressed his eagerness and yearning at the beginning of the article, but also firmly grasped the readers' hearts and aroused their strong interest.

(2) Why not just write that spring is coming, or that spring is coming?

Clear: Spring hasn't arrived yet, so the word "near" is very accurate. Personify spring and write down its steps, as if a favorite person is waving to you in the distance and coming to you slowly. A feeling of joy arises spontaneously, which makes people feel more cordial.

(3) Why can a very simple and common language experience so many things? This involves our ability to read articles: taste and appreciation. (Textbook P5 1)

Lead out the tips of unit 3 and contact the four texts of this unit, spring, winter and autumn. Spring breeze, autumn rain and winter snow are naturally beautiful. But Zhu Ziqing's spring is the most beautiful, and we need to taste and appreciate it most.

How to taste and appreciate? One way is to experience the rhetoric in the article. What two kinds of rhetoric did the author use in the first paragraph? (personification and repetition), expressing hope for spring through two rhetorical devices, which is the general beginning of the article. Spring hasn't arrived yet, but it's near. Next, spring came, ...

2. Painting Spring: Next, spring has come and is ahead of the author. What does the author see? Please read the second paragraph aloud. 8'

(1) saw mountains, water and the sun. It can be seen that this is a description of spring.

From this passage, the author has begun to describe spring. Now that we are here, why not start with the smallest grass and trees?

Clear: This paragraph is an overall description of spring. Why should we have an overall impression first? Because this is a visual law. If a new classmate comes now and he stands at the door, what will we see first? Whether tall or short, fat or thin, black or white, and so on, then we will see what kind of clothes he is wearing, what kind of shoes, what kind of hairstyle, and so on, and then we will see the color of his clothes, the color of his shoes, and even the brand. Or take your first day meeting as an example. )

Therefore, in this paragraph, the author describes the vivid scene of spring returning to the earth and everything reviving.

Scene: everything, mountains, water, the sun.

Knowledge points: Everything shows that eyes can be seen everywhere without exception.

Ran: "Appearance" indicates a state.

"Everything looks like I just woke up ... my eyes are open." It is an anthropomorphic writing, which vividly and concretely describes the characteristics of spring.

"Langrun" means bright and moist. Because spring comes, the grass turns green, the trees sprout, the colors become bright, the mountains become hazy and clear, and the trees become moist from withering. Give people a clear and bright feeling. (Click on the picture of Langrun Mountain. )

The rise of water level is caused by the melting of snow and ice in winter. (Winter goes and spring comes)

Write about the sun and personify it. Described as "red", it shows the warmth of spring. It won't give you the biting feeling of the scorching sun.

(3) The rhetorical devices used in this article are personification and parallelism.

Paibi: "The mountains are long and moist, the water rises, and the sun blushes."

Function: Make sentences neat, harmonious and imposing, and express the author's strong feelings.

Zhu Ziqing's wonderful parallelism in other articles also includes: "The sun has feet and moves gently and quietly; I also follow the rotation blankly. So-when washing your hands, the days pass from the basin; When eating, the days pass from the rice bowl; If you are silent, you will pass through your eyes. I realized that he was in a hurry, and when I reached out to cover it, he passed by the covered hand again; When it was dark, I was lying in bed, and he quickly passed me and flew away from my feet. When I open my eyes and see the sun again, it will be a new day. I covered my face and sighed. But the shadow of the new day began to flash with a sigh. " (Zhu Ziqing's "Hurry")

Excellent works of students: "In class, the days pass with the sound of reading;" When eating, the days pass from the rice bowl; When doing homework, pass by the dancing pen tip. I repeat this every day, but nothing has changed. "

Transition: This paragraph is the author's general description of spring, and he outlined the overall landscape of spring in very general language. Then the author will carefully observe the spring, describe the beauty of spring with his delicate brushwork, and show us a picture of spring. Now, please read the third to seventh paragraphs by yourselves and think about a problem. The author showed us some pictures. What kind of landscape is the main description object? Can you give these pictures a beautiful name?

Clear: Show five pictures, namely spring grass, spring flowers, spring breeze, spring rain and Spring Festival.

3. Spring grass map, please read the third paragraph aloud. 1 1'

(1) Think about it. From what aspects did the author describe the spring grass map?

Clear:

Texture: tender. Write down the tender characteristics of grass.

Color: green. Green means green, and here green is also used to symbolize the vibrant scene of spring.

Vitality: First of all, the tenacious vitality of grass is written in the word "drill". This kind of drill didn't come up at once, but came up secretly, writing the appearance of grass growing quietly under the urging of spring.

The words "drill" and "slip" are very accurate. The author uses anthropomorphic techniques to make grass have a strong character, showing the vitality of early spring and showing the vibrant scene of spring. This makes the language more vivid, and at the same time makes the grass without feelings become as emotional as people.

Followed by "in the garden, in the field" and "a large area is it". It shows that spring grass is widely distributed and green everywhere. Just now I wrote about its vigorous vitality from a small grass, and now I write about its vigorous vitality from the whole grass. It can be seen that the author's observation and description of things are multi-angle, so the articles written will make people feel more specific.

One more time, "Sit, lie down, roll twice, … grab some puzzles." The author of this group of phrases used six verbs in succession and wrote a group of innocent and lively children. Language is colloquial, just like talking to a child, very kind, as if it happened right next to you.

(2) Then why did the author insert these children's pictures in the picture of Chuncao?

Tip: What do grass and children have in common? (Small means that everyone is in the most energetic and lively period of life, and the vitality of this period is the most vigorous. )

In "Spring Grass Map", the author combines the picture of grass with the picture of children, that is, the two most vibrant scenes are combined to complement each other, so that the whole "Spring Grass Map" presents a vibrant scene.

(3) These scenes also reflect the author's strong love for spring. This way of expressing the author's feelings with scenery description is called borrowing scenery to express emotion, also called scene blending. Take leaves, wind and grass for example. )

For example, leaves are light green in a good mood, thick, dark or dry in a bad mood, or ...

When in a good mood, the wind is light and quiet, and when in a bad mood, the wind is bitter and biting.

Imitation: The grass is soft when you are in a good mood, and even smells when you are better.

When you are in a bad mood, it is hard, stinging and even stinking.

This kind of writing with mixed scenes is another important way for us to taste and appreciate articles. At the same time, this method will also add a lot of color to our composition.

Show outstanding works:

"Looking at the sky, looking at the white clouds, suddenly far and near, there is a dazzling feeling. ..... A person is walking on his way home, and the sun shines on the trees on the roadside and falls to the ground like broken glass. The wind is blowing gently, and now I want to pin all my feelings on the wind and let it go with the wind and disappear. Hey, another day has passed. "

Evaluation exercise: I put my feelings into the landscape.

Therefore, it is one of the essentials for us to learn how to appreciate the place where the article blends with the scenery and how to use the method of borrowing scenery to express emotion in composition. Therefore, today's first assignment is to use this essence: in the next four paragraphs, learn to appreciate these four pictures, spring flowers, spring breeze, spring rain and Spring Festival. Mainly grasp two points: first, what rhetorical devices are used in the description process and what role they play. Second, where is the scene fusion and what is the effect? While learning to use these two methods, there is a basic requirement: read the article carefully and think with questions.

Verb (short for verb) homework

1, back 2-7 paragraphs.

2. Master the words and notes after class and prepare for the quiz.

3. Complete the workbook.

Second lesson

First, the teaching objectives

1, consolidate the mastery of unfamiliar words in the text.

2. Let students try to appreciate the article by themselves and understand the author's thoughts and feelings. (Teachers need proper guidance and evaluation)

3. Master all kinds of scenery description methods, and make full use of them through association and imagination.

Second, the teaching process

(a) detecting the word 5'

(2) Introduce 5'

Last class, we learned Mr. Zhu Ziqing's eagerness and yearning for spring, and learned his first painting of spring grass. What is this picture of spring grass like? Now ask a classmate to recite this paragraph.

The author does not simply use the spring grass map to represent spring, but also describes the flowers in spring, so what are the flowers in spring? Ask a classmate to recite this paragraph.

(3) Spring Flower Figure 8'

1. If you still have a camera in your hand, what would you do according to the description in the article?

Qing: From the flowers on the tree, to the noisy bees among the flowers, and finally to the wild flowers in the grass on the ground. The author describes the scenery in a certain order from high to low, which is worth learning from in composition.

2. We can see whether this painting is beautiful or not.

Who can specifically talk about why Zhu Ziqing's "Spring Flowers" can be written so beautifully?

It is expected that there are the following answers: Because Zhu Ziqing loves Chunhua, he has incorporated his own feelings into his description.

He has profound knowledge and beautiful language, and uses rhetoric in his description. (leading to rhetoric)

3. How many words are there in this article? Think about the rhetorical devices used in each sentence. What are the characteristics of flowers in spring?

Qing dynasty: (1) personified and wrote the trend of spring flowers.

(2) Metaphorically describe the gorgeous colors of spring flowers.

(3) Synaesthesia, write the sweetness of spring flowers.

(4) Set off a large number of spring flowers.

(5) There are many kinds of flowers in spring.

Overall characteristics: spring flowers are brilliant and colorful.

(Attachment: Write peaches, apricots and pears with quasi-entries; Instead of simply talking about bloom, it is described as "You won't let me, I won't let you, and all the flowers are in pursuit of children". The tree is "chasing children" with human manners and actions, indicating that we are scrambling to catch this trip, catch spring, catch spring, and let all the flowers fight for spring. This is a writing job. Use the metaphor of 1 to describe gorgeous colors. Instead of directly saying red peach blossom, pink apricot blossom and white pear blossom, we use metaphors such as "fire", "chardonnay" and "snow", which not only make the colors more vivid, but also arouse readers' rich imagination. 2. Why compare wild flowers everywhere to eyes and stars? Not directly writing about the sun, but it can make people feel a brilliant sunshine, not directly writing about the wind, but it can obviously make people feel a cool breeze and a breezy spring breeze. )

It can be seen that the five sentences have five meanings and the levels are very clear. They are all written around the spring flowers, and the center is very prominent. Can we get some useful enlightenment from it? -write articles around the center. While writing around the center, we should also pay attention to making the article more exciting and making the things you describe more vivid, which requires the use of rhetoric. Just as the author compares wild flowers to twinkling stars, he implicitly writes about the wind and the sun, which makes the whole picture full of movement. At the same time, he also led the description of spring flowers to the next description of spring breeze. Now please read the fifth paragraph aloud.

(4) Spring Breeze Map 10'

Ask a classmate to get up and recite this paragraph.

Spring grass and spring flowers are concrete, vivid and sensible things, which are easy for authors to write and easy for us to read. Spring breeze is an invisible and intangible thing. How does the author write?

1. What is the author's basic idea of writing about spring breeze?

Write the gentleness of the wind first, then the fragrance of the wind, and then the harmony of the wind.

2. What are people's feelings in these three aspects?

Touch, smell and hearing.

3. What rhetorical devices does the author use to write the spring breeze from the sense of touch? (For example, compare the spring breeze to a mother's hand) Why compare the spring breeze to a mother's hand instead of a father's hand or someone else's hand?

Clear: Mother's hands are generally docile and soft, while father's hands are rough and resolute. Therefore, this metaphor skillfully writes the warmth and gentleness of the spring breeze from the perspective of touch, and visualizes the wind that was originally invisible and intangible. At the same time, this metaphor also confirms what the ancients said earlier: "Blowing noodles without chilling willow". Because the feeling of the same natural scenery is often different because of different times, different places and different people, but the spring breeze is different. Throughout the ages, people have the same feelings for the spring breeze, just like their mother's hands and cold face.

4. As I just said, the wind is tasteless. Where does the fragrance here come from?

This is because the author felt all kinds of smells brought by the spring breeze through his own sense of smell, including the smell of newly dug soil, the smell of grass and the fragrance of flowers, and wrote the sweetness and intoxicating of the spring breeze.

5. The author also wrote the harmony of the wind through hearing. What did he hear?

The "crisp" and "dancing" calls of birds, the "loud" short flute of the shepherd boy, and the light wind and flowing water set each other off. What wonderful music this is.

6. As can be seen from the above, the author wrote the invisible and colorless spring breeze with sound and taste, wonderful and touching. Seeing the picture of spring flowers again, the author also uses these three senses and vision. It can be seen that the article's concrete and vivid description of spring scenery is inseparable from the author's many sentiments and deep feelings. Here, we get another revelation: to get the actual feeling, we must observe carefully. Observation is to open the five senses together and let the brain know and express things through five channels at the same time. This is also a way we often say to improve our observation ability in practice.

(5) Spring Rain Figure 5'

What about the spring rain? Please read the sixth paragraph aloud. After reading, think or discuss freely for two minutes, and let the students go to the stage to fill in the form. The purpose is to let students try to appreciate the article through self-study or inquiry learning. Tell me where it is reflected.

Clear:

Order, from things to people, from near to far.

Rhetoric, parallelism and metaphor.

Features, thin and light.

(6) Spring Festival pictures 5'

Learn this paragraph in the same way.

(7) Zanchun No.4

Please read paragraph 8- 10 aloud. Tell me what are the characteristics of three passages praising spring: vigorous, changeable and energetic.

(viii) Activity 3'

Which painting do you like by Mr. Zhu Ziqing? Why? You can even talk about your experience in just one word or word.

(9) Summary 1'

Evaluate the classmates' dialogue. From the author's feelings reflected in the article to the inspiration of the author's method of describing scenery, students are required to write a composition in this way.

Third, homework

1, recite the full text

2. Preview and read five ancient poems.

Fourth, blackboard design.

spring

First of all, I look forward to the arrival of spring.

Expect, come, approach (full text quoted, open below)

Second, pursue spring.

The outline of a spring: everything looks like I just woke up, and I opened my eyes with joy.

Mountain (Langrun) Water (Rising) Sun (Red)

Detailed description: (spring grass map, spring flower map, spring breeze map, spring rain map, Spring Festival map)

Spring grass map (grass reports spring): stealing, drilling, tender, green and full of grass

Sit, lie down, hit, kick, race, catch people.

Spring flowers (flowers strive for spring): state-peaches, apricots and pears, catch up with children.

Color is like fire, like chardonnay, like snow.

Taste-sweetness

Wildflowers are everywhere ... like eyes and stars.

Spring breeze map (wind sings spring): touch: touch

Taste: The smell of earth, grass and flowers.

Voice: The birds are singing clearly and the flute is loud.

Spring rain map (rainy spring): shape: like ox hair, like needle, like filament.

Shape: densely woven, with a thin layer of smoke on the roof.

Jing: The leaves are bright green, and the grass is green to the eye.

Lights, people, houses

Spring Festival (Spring Festival): Urban and rural areas, young and old, relaxed and mixed, and the plan of the year lies in spring.

3. Ode to Spring: Three figurative sentences (Spring is like ...)

Reflection on the Teaching of verb (abbreviation of verb)

Chinese teaching is more important to cultivate students' interest in learning Chinese and develop good Chinese learning habits. Teach Mr. Zhu Ziqing's "Spring", a lyrical prose full of poetic meaning. If we follow the traditional teaching method, the teacher will give endless lectures and analyze five pictures mechanically and tedious, and the students will take notes carefully below. Although the students' notes are densely written, I think this is undoubtedly a betrayal of the new textbook, which runs counter to the requirements of the new curriculum standard, and the result will certainly have little effect.

Therefore, I designed the text into two classes. The first class was mainly reading aloud. I spent 30 minutes listening, reading together and reading by myself. Then I had a reading contest in groups of 15 minutes. "If you read a book a hundred times, you will understand its meaning." . Through reading aloud, students not only improve their reading ability, but also grasp the thoughts and feelings of the text, go deep into the artistic conception of the work, savor the taste of swimming carefully, and further understand the artistic conception, style and beauty of the work. In the second class, I take interesting language as the focus of this class, and adopt the way of "reading, discussing and speaking" to let students have a real experience of the beautiful language of this class. In the first 20 minutes, the teacher looks up the words, introduces the author and background, and then helps the students to clear their minds and have a general perception, especially teaching students the learning method (teaching people to fish). On this basis, the taste language comes naturally. Then, I arranged for students to discuss in groups around two topics (such as the first topic) for 5 minutes, so that students can boldly explore the wonderful features of the language of the article, especially the use of verbs, the change of sentence patterns, the interspersed spoken language, the clever use of rhetoric and the mobilization of various senses. In addition, students are also required to expand their association and make a great integration of ancient poems and famous sentences accumulated in and out of class.

The last 20 minutes are the highlight of this class. The students spoke enthusiastically, which was beyond my expectation. Even the most timid students who are not interested in Chinese have spoken, and warm applause broke out from time to time in the classroom. They all expressed their understanding of the text. As the saying goes, "A thousand readers have a thousand Hamlets." Undoubtedly, although these answers are still naive or imperfect, it may be more effective than the teacher's "indoctrination" to discuss them freely by students themselves, which is more in line with the modern Chinese teaching concept.