English single leaf shrub Vitex negundo English Latin Vitex negundo, Vitex negundo. Different names of Vitex negundo L., Notes on Materia Medica, Handbook of Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Handbook of Chinese Herbal Medicine; The original plant Vitex simplicifolia, also known as Vitex negundo and Vitex negundo, is a "Shandong economic plant"; Vitex negundo L. is also known as: Records of Medicinal Herbs Collected in Lingnan by Auricularia auricula, Atlas of Chinese Higher Plants by Vitex negundo L. and Japanese Willow, Ginger (Fujian), Vitex negundo L. and Vitex negundo L. (Guangdong). The textual research of varieties comes from Notes on Materia Medica; (1) "Tang Materia Medica": "Vitex negundo, Miao Mansheng, hence the name Vitex negundo. Primitive waterfront. Leaves are as thin as apricot leaves, stems are more than ten feet long, and flowers are red and white. Today, people mistakenly regard Xiaojing as a vine, so they regard Vitex negundo as a vine seed. " ② Materia Medica of Sichuan: The Book of Painting says: Vitex negundo, creeping waterfront, seedling leaves, old branches and small leaves in spring, apricot leaves in May. There are flowers in June, pale red and yellow. There are dark spots in September, as big as one side and as light as one side. Leaf carving in winter. (3) Materia Medica: "Huang Jingzi, not recorded in the old state, is now found in Beijing, Qin, Gansu, Yin and Yue states. The stem of the seedling is four feet high, opposite to the branch. In early spring, it was born from the old branches. The leaves are small and flourish in summer. Some flowers are spike-shaped, light red, with yellow-white nucleus and green calyx under them. Autumn is vigorous, the spot is black as a buttonhole, big and light, and it is picked in August and September. When it comes to vines, it's called vines, but now it's not vines. (4) "Outline": "Vitex negundo, its branches are small and weak as vines, so it is called creeping." ⑤ "Guangya Shuzheng": "Vitex negundo, if it is a vine, then" Materia Medica "should enter the grass department. Now it is the top grade of woody department, and the yin is not a vine. There are both Sichuan pepper and rattan pepper in the wood department of Materia Medica, so it can be said that pepper is creeping. " Tang Zhu's "treating Parthenocissus tricuspidata as Parthenocissus tricuspidata" is particularly absurd. [Vitex rotundifolia; Oval grass. ] and Vitex negundo 1 type, deciduous shrub, Vitex negundo, plant height about 2 m. The whole plant is gray-white pilose. The main stems crawl on the ground, and adventitious roots often grow on nodes. The young branches are quadrangular and the old branches are nearly round. Single leaf opposite, short petiole; The leaf blade is obovate to elliptic, the apex is obtuse and rounded, the base is wedge-shaped, the total length is 2.5 ~ 5cm, the width is1.5 ~ 3cm, the surface is green, and the back is pink and white. There are about 8 pairs of collateral veins. Panicle terminal; Calyx campanulate, apex 5-toothed; Corolla lavender, 5-lobed at the apex, the largest L lobe below, wide oval, hairy in the middle and lower part of the inner surface; Stamens 4, protruding from corolla tube; Ovary spherical, densely glandular, stigma 2-lobed. Drupe spherical, about 5 ~ 7 mm in diameter, with persistent calyx. The flowering period is July-August, and the fruiting period is 8-65438+1October. I like to be born on seashore beaches and lakes, and also cultivated. Distributed in Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan Province and Guangdong. 2. Vitex negundo, plant height 1.5 ~ 5m. Aroma. Branchlets quadrangular, densely villous. Trifoliate compound leaves, opposite, sometimes with simple leaves; Petiole length 1 ~ 3 cm; Leaflets are ovoid, obovate or obovate-oblong, 2 ~ 9 cm long and 1 ~ 3 cm wide, with blunt or short apex, wedge-shaped base, entire, green surface, hairless or puberulent, and gray fluff on the back; 8 pairs of lateral veins; Leaflets sessile or sometimes 1 Leaflets extend downward in the middle into short stems. Terminal on all sides, 3 ~ 15 cm long, peduncle densely covered with gray fluff; Calyx bell-shaped, apex 5-lobed, light gray and white tomentose; Corolla lavender or blue-purple, 6 ~ 10 mm long, hairy outside, hairy corolla tube and throat, 5-lobed top, 2-lipped; Stamens 4, extending outside corolla; Ovary densely glandular punctate. Drupe nearly round, about 5 mm in diameter, black when mature; Calyx persistent. Flowering in July and fruiting in September ~165438+1October. Born near the seaside, beach, river, plain and village. Distributed in Fujian, Taiwan Province, Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan. Vitex simplicifolia is mainly produced in Shandong, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian and other places. Sold all over the country and exported. Vitex negundo is mainly produced in Hainan, Guangxi and Yunnan. Sold all over the country and exported. Processing 1. Vitex negundo "On Lei Gong Roast": "Remove the pedicle and lay a heavy white film." Hongjifang: "Wash the order clean." Medicinal soup: "Clean it up and use the pestle." Strange prescription: "except calyx." Medical Golden Mirror: "It's quite good." At present, the original medicinal materials are taken, impurities are removed, and ash scraps are screened. Raw products are good at dispersing wind-heat and are mostly used for wind-heat exterior syndrome. 2. Stir-fry Vitex negundo "Sheng Huifang": "Stir-fry." Jinjifang: "slightly fried." Materia Medica: "Collect on time, dry in the shade, and grind well before use." At present, clean Vitex negundo is put into a pot, heated with medium fire, and fried until the white film (persistent calyx) is brown and the aroma escapes. Let it cool, wipe off the white film and sift out the dust. After decoction, pungent powder can be eased, which is convenient for crushing and decocting effective components. It is mostly used for clearing yang, not rising, inducing resuscitation, and blurred eyes. 3. Vitex negundo charcoal "Danxi Heart Method": "Fried black." At present, the clean Vitex negundo is put into the pot, fried with strong fire until it is dark outside, sprayed with clear water in time, extinguished all sparks, and taken out to cool. The processing methods of Vitex negundo in past dynasties include calyx removal, white film removal, frying, wine frying, steaming, wine steaming and so on. Among them, the method of stir-frying is widely used by criminals. In modern times, the methods of frying Vitex negundo and steaming are mostly used, and there are also methods of frying coke and wine in a few areas. It is considered that frying can loosen the texture, facilitate the crushing and frying of ingredients, and relieve the spicy taste. It needs to be mashed when used. Store in a dry container, fry Fructus Viticis, seal, and store in a cool and dry place. Vitex negundo charcoal prevents re-ignition. Chemical composition Vitex simplicifolia fruit and leaves contain volatile oil, mainly camphene and pinene, and contain trace alkaloids and vitamin A; The fruit still contains vitexin, that is, vitexin. Vitex negundo fruit contains a small amount (0.0 1%) of Vitex negundo. The fruit contains about 0. 16% of volatile oil, and the main components in the oil are terpenes and pinene. In addition, it also contains vitexin (5,3'-dihydroxy-3,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone, vitexin, viola vitexin), γ -aminobutyric acid and fatty oil about 6.65438 0%. The seeds contain 5- hydroxy-3,6,7,3', 4 '- pentamethoxyflavone (artemisinin) and vitexin. Pharmacological Action 1 Antibacterial Action The water decoction of Vitex negundo has inhibitory effects on Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium pneumoniae, Bordet, Proteus, Micrococcus flavus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Typhoid Bacillus in different degrees in vitro. The inhibitory concentration of its decoction on mycobacterium tuberculosis is 1: 100, and its decoction concentration is 1: 10, which also has inhibitory effect on orphan virus. 2 Analgesic effect: The 70% methanol extract of Vitex negundo L. was given orally at 300mg/ml and 500mg/ml, and the inhibition rate of acetic acid writhing in mice was 9% and 32% respectively. In addition, it can also increase the pain threshold caused by hot plate method in mice and carrageenan inflammation method in rats. In addition, it is reported that the water decoction of Vitex negundo, intraperitoneal injection of ethanol extract 10g/kg (hot plate method in mice) and gastric perfusion (writhing method in mice) have obvious analgesic effects. The water extract or alcohol extract of raw Vitex negundo and Miaohuangpin (30g (crude drug) /kg) was injected intraperitoneally, and the hot plate test in mice showed that both of them could significantly increase the pain threshold. 3 Anti-inflammatory effect The methanol extract of Vitex negundo L. was given orally at the dosage of 300 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1000kg/kg. The inhibition rates of pigment exudation in abdominal cavity of mice were 65438 03%, 65438 08% and 65438 06%, respectively, which had a certain inhibitory effect on capillary permeability. 4 Hypotensive effect The water extract of Vitex negundo has the effect of lowering blood pressure in rabbits, which can be antagonized by atropine and chloroisoindoleamine, and enhanced by physostigmine, but slightly enhanced. The effects of jungle and cyproheptadine show that this hypotensive effect is related to the excitement of parasympathetic nervous system caused by central nervous system. It is also reported that the decoction of Vitex negundo 1g/kg, 2g/kg, 3g/kg and 4g/kg has no obvious effect on blood pressure and electrocardiogram of anesthetized cats, but Vitex negundo 1g/kg alcohol infusion has obvious antihypertensive effect by intravenous injection or duodenal administration. 5 Anticoagulant effect Vitex negundo extract 0.2g (crude drug) /ml, 0.04g (crude drug) /M 1 and 0.0 1g (crude drug) /M 1 can significantly prolong the time for bovine thrombin to coagulate human fibrinogen in vitro, indicating that it has strong anticoagulant effect. 6 expectorant and antiasthmatic effects The experiment of soaking Vitex negundo in water decoction or alcohol for 20 g/kg of mouse phenol red showed that it had significant expectorant effect; Its decoction and petroleum ether extract can resist histamine-induced contraction of guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle in vitro, which shows that it has antiasthmatic effect. Magnus test showed that the methanol extract of Vitex negundo can obviously inhibit the contraction of isolated ileum of guinea pigs caused by slow shock. The water decoction or alcohol extract of Vitex negundo also has obvious inhibitory effect on ileal smooth muscle of retired guinea pigs. 8 Other effects Alcohol soaking of Vitex negundo can prolong the survival time of normal pressure hypoxia mice. The 50% methanol extract of Vitex negundo has inhibitory effect on tyrosinase, and its effective components are p-aminobenzoic acid and coumaric acid. At 0.00 1mol/l/L, its inhibitory activities are 7 1% and 34% respectively. "Vitex negundo also has inhibitory effects on benzoic acid and vanillin on tyrosinase, which shows that Vitex negundo has inhibitory effect on melanin formation. In addition, Vitex negundo flavone, a component of Vitex negundo, has inhibitory effect on 5- lipoxygenase. Vitex negundo hot water extract has inhibitory effect on cervical cancer cells in vitro. After 270/kg Vitex negundo decoction or 90 g/kg intraperitoneal injection, all mice survived, which was equivalent to 900 times and 300 times /kg of clinical dose. The ld50 of ethanol extract was 629.78g (crude drug) /kg. The taste of nature is bitter, spicy and slightly cold. Enter lung, liver and stomach meridians. Efficacy Evacuate wind and heat and clear the head. Application and compatibility of headache and gingival swelling and pain. Vitex negundo is pungent and light, but it can dispel the wind on the head and face. For wind-heat headache, it is often used with mint, mulberry leaf and chrysanthemum to disperse wind-heat The common cold has a headache due to head wind. This product was used as the last bottle of wine before entering Fang Yao. It can also be combined with Chuanxiong, Saposhnikovia divaricata and Schizonepeta for expelling wind and relieving pain, such as Toufeng Formula in Danxi Heart Method. Headache due to qi deficiency, with yang failing to rise, is often combined with Radix Astragali, Ginseng, Cimicifuga rhizome and Bupleurum root, which can tonify yang, replenish qi, dispel wind and relieve pain. For example, Shun Qi and Tang Zhong are used for health care. For headache due to blood deficiency, it can be combined with Danggui and Chuanxiong to nourish blood, dispel wind and relieve pain. For wind-heat attack and gum swelling and pain, it is often used with gypsum and angelica dahurica to dispel wind-heat and strengthen teeth to relieve pain. Used for red eyes, swelling and pain, shame and tears, cataract blindness. Vitex negundo has ups and downs, which can dispel colds and improve qi activity, thus benefiting the leaders. For wind-heat disturbance, red eyes, swelling and pain, shame and tears, it is often used with mulberry leaves, chrysanthemum, semen Celosiae and cassia seed to dispel wind and clear heat, clear liver and improve eyesight. If the liver meridian is really hot and white clouds cover the eyes, it is often used with Fangfeng, Notopterygium, Cicada and Cassia seed to remove wind-heat and remove clouds. For example, it was used to clean the knife powder in Song Yi's golden sword. If the wind poison attacks, the eyes are swollen, itchy and painful, or the eyelids and corners of the eyes are red and rotten, Galla Chinensis Decoction can be used for oral administration and external washing to clear away heat, reduce swelling and relieve pain. If you drive the wind away, it will have a miraculous effect. Deficiency of middle qi, obstruction of clearing qi, cataract blindness, it is often combined with Ginseng, Astragalus and Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata to invigorate qi, clear qi, treat obstacles and improve eyesight, such as Shi Lan Micangjing Decoction. Used for damp arthralgia and contracture. Vitex negundo tastes bitter and dry, but also can dispel wind and overcome dampness, so as to eliminate arthralgia and stop spasm. It is often combined with Notopterygium Rhizoma, Radix Angelicae Pubescentis and Rhizoma Chuanxiong to dispel wind and remove dampness, such as Notopterygium Rhizoma Qushi Decoction in Treatise on Febrile Diseases. If rheumatism beats between bones and muscles, it can be combined with Chuanxiong, Polygonum Multiflori Radix and Clematis Radix to nourish blood and dispel wind, relax tendons and dredge collaterals, for example, Shen Xian Gu Huandan in Yi Qi Yuan. Usage and dosage: 6.00- 10.00g, and it should be used with caution for patients with stomach deficiency. Attachment 1. For colds and headaches: 9 grams of Vitex negundo, 9 grams of perilla leaf, 9 grams of mint, 9 grams of angelica dahurica and 9 grams of chrysanthemum. Decoct with water. (National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicine) II. Vitex negundo, Mulberry Leaf, Chrysanthemum, Mint, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae and Schizonepeta Seed were used to treat exogenous wind-heat head, eye pain and nervous headache. Decoct with water. (Hunan Medical Records) 3. Treating lung heat, resolving phlegm and relieving asthma, Fructus Viticis negundo (removing white skin), Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (filing), Radix Clematidis (removing soil) and Rhizoma Gastrodiae. Four flavors, Luo San. Honey wine is mixed once every two dollars. (Vitex negundo powder from Shengji Zonglu) 4. Vitex negundo 10g, Flos Chrysanthemi 8g, Rhizoma Chuanxiong 4g, Asari 3g, Radix Glycyrrhizae 4g and Radix Angelicae Dahuricae 3g for treating migraine. 500 ml of water, 200 ml of decoction, three times a day. (Modern Practical Chinese Medicine) 5. Vitex negundo 9g, Flos Chrysanthemi Indici, Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis and Semen Cassiae each 12g were used to treat hypertension and dizziness. Decoct with water. (Hunan Pharmacology) 6. Treating wind and toxin attacking eyes, redness and itching, coptis chinensis, Vitex negundo, Schisandra chinensis. File the fine powder, divide it into three times, fry it in clear water, filter the juice and wash it by hand. ("Hai Yin Jingwei" Di Feng Powder Eye Wash Formula) 7. Vitex negundo 15g, concha Haliotidis 9g and equisetum 6g. Decoct with water. (Fujian Medical Records) 8. Vitex negundo L. was used to treat weakness and dark eyes. It was boiled with 9 liters of water to exhaust the juice, taken out and dried. After two times, hit it to the end. Take two yuan each time with warm boiled water, two or three times a day. (Puji Fang) 9. For improper diet, Radix Astragali and Radix Ginseng are one or two each, Radix Glycyrrhizae preparata is eight yuan, Fructus Viticis negundo is two and a half pieces, Cortex Phellodendri San Qian (fried with wine for four times) and Radix Paeoniae Alba San Qian. Mouth-watering father's mouth, each 35 yuan, fried in water. (The Secret Collection of Shi Lan: Vitex negundo Decoction) 10. Vitex negundo has made ten contributions to otitis media 15g, and Xanthium sibiricum 9g. Decoct with water. Fujian Pharmacology 1 1. Stir-fry a liter of Vitex negundo for deafness, cold for seven days, Xia San day, soak two liters of wine, and get me away. If you drink it willfully, you will be deaf for a long time. ("Pujifang" Jingtiao Liquor) 12. For the initial treatment of breast carbuncle, use one or two of Vitex negundo seeds, stir-fry and grind into powder. A bowl of wine and water, a bowl of fried, half full, residue. (Materia Medica Yan Hui) 13. After treatment, the postpartum milk does not leak, and the accumulation will not disappear. One or two of Vitex negundo and Gleditsia sinensis will be swollen. About the two flavors, the research is scattered. Every two dollars, warm wine, regardless of time. (the second powder in the total record of granulation) 14. Treatment of baldness of sideburns can't produce two ounces of Vitex negundo and two ounces of aconite (for peeling navel). The last medicine, pounded into powder, mixed with five liters of wine, was sealed in porcelain and consumed in twenty days. When you use it, apply black-bone chicken fat first, then take the medicine juice to comb your hair, and it will be fine in ten days. ("Fang") 15. Treat urinary incontinence in pregnant women. Mash the fine radish into powder, fry the onion soup every time, and adjust the money. (Puji Fang)