Frequently Asked Questions and Answering Modes in Reading Literary Works

First of all, the question of language rhetoric.

Descriptive class

Question: Can one word in a sentence be replaced by another? Why? Or: Can a sentence in the article be described as another sentence? Why?

Answer: No, because this word is vivid and specific (vivid and accurate), it will become+bad effect after being changed. Or: no, because this word has stronger feelings than another word (or this word is more suitable for the personality characteristics of the object than another word).

Ex.: There are dense forests in the mountains, in which springs are hidden. Sometimes, the spring water flashes across a bright lake in the sparse forest, and looking forward, it is no longer available. That half-exposed charming attitude reminds me that my beloved daughter often walks around my knees at home. Every time I reach out, she will run away and raise her smiling face to tease me; When I pretended to be indifferent, she ran quietly close to my waist. What a naughty boy! (Excerpted from Xie Daguang's "Dinghushan Listening to Springs")

Q: "What a naughty child", why not say "What a lovely child"?

Answer: Because "good" is more emotional than "true", "naughty" is more suitable for a daughter's personality characteristics than "cute".

Structure class

Question: Can the order of two or three words be reversed? Why?

Answer: No, because (1) does not conform to the law of people's understanding of things (from the superficial to the deep, from the surface to the inside, from the phenomenon to the essence) (2) words correspond to the above one-to-one; (3) these words are progressive, interlocking and expressive. ...

Example: "Remember: People who want to take advantage often can't take advantage!" The father pointed to the poached egg in the bowl and warned his son ... "Remember, people who want to take advantage may suffer!" The father pointed to the egg and taught his son, "Don't want to take advantage, life won't make him suffer!" " "The father said meaningfully to his son. (from poached eggs)

Q: Can the order of the words "warning", "lesson" and "meaningful" be reversed? Why?

A: No, because these three words are progressive and express the love of the father for his son.

Rhetoric category

Q: What rhetorical method is used in this sentence? What are the advantages of writing like this in expression?

Answer mode: confirming rhetorical devices+the function of rhetoric itself+combining sentence context.

1. Metaphor personification: vividly wrote+object+feature.

2. parallelism: imposing manner, strengthening tone, and doing it in one go; Spread out layer by layer, gradually expand and strengthen the theme; Emphasis+object+feature.

3. Contrast: emphasize … stand out …

4. Ask questions: arouse readers' attention and thinking about+object+characteristics.

5. rhetorical questions: emphasis, emphasis, etc. ;

6. Repetition: Emphasis+Emphasis

For example, this legend about bosom friends more than two thousand years ago has been deeply cherished in the hearts of countless Chinese descendants, and sometimes it makes a subtle sound, which makes people chew happily; Sometimes it growls like a hurricane, urging people to act quickly. Enthusiasm and longing are full of lofty friendship, what a pure and sacred sentiment. (Excerpted from the national volume "Talking about Friends" in 2002)

Q: How do you understand the sentence "Sometimes it makes a subtle sound and chews the aftertaste pleasantly"? Sometimes it growls like a hurricane, urging people to act quickly?

A: Rhetorical devices such as metaphor and analogy are used here to vividly express the aesthetic feeling and stimulating effect brought by The Legend of Companion.

Second, about the layout of the article.

Question: What is the function of a sentence (paragraph) in the text?

Answer mode:

1. Preface: opening point; Take care of the problem; The full text of the general manager; Render the atmosphere and pave the way; Set suspense as an auxiliary foreshadowing.

2. Text: connecting the preceding with the following; Below the general collar; Summarize the above; Echoing the previous article.

3. At the end of the article: Zhang Xianzhi, the pawn, points out the center; Sublimate feelings and deepen the theme; Take care of the beginning and have a rigorous structure; Make the finishing point; The lines are full of meaning.

I'm afraid of my father. He really hit me. Looking at him with wide eyes, he approached step by step, but did not dare to hide. He tensed his muscles and waited, so he patted him and his head buzzed ... (from Han Yu's Fear between Father and Son)

Q: Please analyze the role of the first natural paragraph (above) in the work.

Answer: (1) as a foil to write my father's love for "I" below; (2) To pave the way for writing father's fear of "I" at the end of the article; (3) Take care of the topic of "fear between father and son".

Third, the question of expression skills.

art

Question: What are the benefits, effects and functions of writing this article?

Answer mode: method+content+effect (or function)

For example, the trend of generations of China people traveling to the sea has its own distinct background, color and connotation, which cannot be generalized, but it is a silhouette of the ups and downs of the times and the splashing of waves in the mighty progress of history. The cohesion of national centripetal force does not depend on geographical distance. Our first generation of overseas Chinese put up with hardships and sent them abroad to have children, but they have been looking forward to China for generations and will never forget the feelings of Sangzi. They all gave generously when the motherland needed it. Hong Kong Island, from ordinary residents to owners, gentlemen, gentlemen and celebrities of Hanyuan, enthusiastically donated money to the mainland, sharing weal and woe and showing solidarity and friendship. This is a touching example. (Excerpted from the National Volume "Local Complex" in 2003)

Q: The fourth paragraph of this article (that is, the above) describes the trend of generations of descendants of the Yellow Emperor traveling far and wide, praising them for their love for Mori Zi and their generosity, which is closely related to the motherland. Please combine the complex and analyze the function and benefits of this writing.

A: Raising the local complex to the height of national cohesion has enriched and deepened the meaning of the local complex. It specifically shows that the local complex will not be diluted because of the long time (history) and the barrier of space (geography). It not only takes care of the beginning, but also deepens the theme of this article.

Personal courses

Question: What are the advantages of using this person to write? Or: Why change this person?

Answer mode: first person: cordial, natural and true, suitable for psychological description; The second person said: it is convenient for emotional communication, lyrical and anthropomorphic; The third person: it is objective and calm, not limited by time and space, and easy to describe and discuss.

For example, fantasy is fantasy after all, and closure cannot be closed. How many ghosts of Princess Fan came back with the sound of voices in the moonlight. How many frost bows and arrows shoot sharp arrows and break the throat. Jimen was razed to the ground, Yantai was destroyed, and the sword whistling in the wind overturned the eyes. As a result, people found that the side wall is no longer a barrier, and the purple plug is no longer a spectacle. Become ridiculous, as if being ridiculed by time and space. Under the wind and sand erosion, it aged prematurely.

So I said, you are a symbol of cultural stupidity, the Great Wall! (Excerpted from the National Volume Great Wall in 2000)

Q: In this essay, the author mainly writes about the Great Wall in the second person. What are the advantages of this writing? (2) The third person "it" is used at the end of the sixth paragraph. What is the reason?

Answer: (1) personify the Great Wall: A. It is convenient to talk to the Great Wall and B. It is convenient to express feelings. (2) Because this sentence is based on "it was discovered", it describes the feelings of "people", rather than the author directly expressing his feelings to the Great Wall.

Fourthly, the problem of summarizing the main points of content.

Question: Please summarize the main points of a paragraph (or full text).

Answer mode: there are three steps: the first step is to divide the level of this paragraph, the second step is to extract keywords, and the third step is to integrate answers.

My mother likes flowers, and so do I. I live in Shimen Township, and there are two small yards in front and behind, so I plant a lot of miscellaneous plants, and I will also produce many beautiful flowers according to the season. Sometimes sitting in front of the porch, sweet-scented osmanthus exudes a faint fragrance, and I feel like I am quiet and quaint. In the evening of summer, the jasmine will always bloom, and pick two or three flowers in your hand. All the memories of youth will appear in front of my eyes with its fragrance. I think, maybe I don't like flowers, but all the lost time. Behind every flower, there are my cherished memories. (Excerpted from Xi Murong's The World of Flowers)

Q: The reasons why I love flowers in this paragraph can be summarized as three points. Please summarize.

Analysis: among the four sentences, it is obvious that the first two sentences are each a layer, and the last two sentences are a layer. Then the key words such as "mother's love for flowers", "quiet and quaint" and "cherish memory" are extracted from each layer, and finally the answers are integrated.

A: (1) influenced by my mother's love of flowers. (2) Flowers make me quiet and quaint. (3) There are my cherished memories in the flowers.

5. Several questions about appreciating the characters.

Question: Please briefly analyze the image of the hero in the article.

Answer: Answer according to the total score (total score). First, make a qualitative analysis of the whole character in one sentence, and then make a quantitative analysis from several aspects; You can also make quantitative analysis from several aspects first, and then make a qualitative summary in one sentence.

Example: The hostess soon discovered my unusual behavior, and she smelled the lampblack in the room. Immediately questioned. I was standing in the kitchen, listening to the intoxicated cries of the three brothers. I can accurately distinguish the nuances in their voices. If one of them doesn't scream, I'll concentrate. The hostess said, idiot, you don't need a range hood. Are you out of your mind? When I first worked for her, she called me "literary youth" in four words. These four words were uttered by her in authentic Beijing dialect, which was extremely vicious. Three months after I was hired, she called me an idiot. She said she didn't fire me because I didn't scare her like others did.

I motioned for her to keep her voice down and told her that there was a nest of sparrows in the chimney. They are my brothers. The hostess gave me a look from top to bottom (as if I were a monster), leaned forward and walked out of the kitchen. At the door, she squeezed out two words from her teeth-farmer. I like this name. Although equally vicious, I am really a farmer to the core. I don't think it is shameful to be a farmer. (Excerpted from Ernst & Young's Brothers in the Chimney)

Q: What kind of character is the "mistress" in the article? Please summarize it in one sentence and give examples.

A: This is the image of a city resident who despises migrant workers. For example, the word "farmer" is squeezed out through his teeth. (Or call me "literary youth" or "idiot" in an extremely vicious tone)

Practical text reading

news

Examination guide

The requirements of the examination syllabus for news text reading are: first, analysis and synthesis, which can screen and integrate the information in the text and analyze the basic characteristics, expression techniques, language style, structural form and content requirements of various news genre works. The second is appreciation and evaluation, which can evaluate the main viewpoints and basic tendencies of the text, evaluate the social value and influence of the text, and deeply think and judge some characteristics of the text. Third, exploring practice, we can find the deep meaning of the text from different angles and levels, explore the life value and the spirit of the times reflected in the text, explore the doubts and difficulties in the text, and put forward our own opinions.

Read the following text and complete 1-3.

The luxury of zongzi packaging

Yang Bing Luan Lei

The Dragon Boat Festival has passed, but the phenomenon of over-packaging of zongzi can still be said. Different from previous years, many supermarkets have put out beautifully packaged high-priced gift zongzi on the counter. Just like the moon cakes are listed every year, the packaging of Zongzi on the Dragon Boat Festival is upgraded and the price is rising. Some hotels even launched activities such as buying zongzi and giving away gifts such as wine. Like moon cakes, Zongzi on the Dragon Boat Festival gradually shows signs of "luxury". In some supermarkets in Qingdao before the festival, many boxed, bagged or beautifully packaged gift zongzi were put on the counter. A bag of 800g zongzi is about 15 yuan, and most of those boxed zongzi are above 20 yuan. In addition to the traditional meat zongzi and red bean paste zongzi, some merchants have also introduced zongzi stuffed with scallops and abalone, and the price is staggering.

While supermarkets upgrade the packaging and stuffing of zongzi, many hotels in the island city have also launched their own special zongzi, many of which are expensive. A hotel has launched ten gift dumplings at the price of 188 yuan per box, and presented a salted duck and a bottle of wine made in Australia. Although the pattern is refurbished, it is still over-packaging and collocation packaging in disguise.

People can easily see the shadow of moon cake packaging, and the reason is naturally profit-driven.

First of all, this is the result of the change of the role played by Zongzi. In recent years, brown rice has gradually become a gift for relatives and friends. Since it is a gift, you must pay attention to the packaging. You can't put zongzi in a plastic bag and then carry it to visit relatives and friends, can you?

Secondly, at least so far, there is only one kind of seasonal food-Zongzi. And year after year, the form and taste have not changed much, and merchants can only work hard on packaging. Of course, no matter what route Zongzi takes on the Dragon Boat Festival, the most important thing is that the quality must pass.

Faced with a dazzling array of "aristocratic zongzi", many citizens are ungrateful. Most people still like to eat "civilian zongzi", thinking that zongzi is for taste and packaging is secondary. Never follow the old path of moon cakes. A salesperson at a supermarket in Hong Kong Middle Road in Qingdao said that most customers who buy high-grade zongzi are gifts. The protagonist of traditional holiday market consumption is still ordinary people, and wishful luxury goods are getting farther and farther away from the market. Can this zongzi taste good?

The state has imposed restrictions on over-packaging many times. "Noble Zongzi" appears today, and another "Noble XX" will appear tomorrow, taking out consumers' pockets and becoming a new source of "packaging pollution". When will over-packaging stop?

A related person from the Qingdao Municipal Administration for Industry and Commerce said that the State Administration for Industry and Commerce recently issued a notice to severely investigate and deal with unfair competition behaviors such as excessive packaging, price mismatch and tying other commodities in moon cakes, zongzi, alcohol, health care products and nutritional products in the in-depth food safety special rectification campaign.

Experts in the industry believe that from the perspective of protecting consumers' rights and interests or promoting sustainable development, the relevant departments have noticed the phenomenon of over-packaging of commodities including moon cakes and made mandatory regulations. Coupled with the enhancement of people's awareness of environmental protection, fancy packaging on the market will gradually decrease. At the same time, sanitary, safe, convenient and practical simple packaging is more popular.

On May 22nd this year, China Business Federation issued the national industry standard for Zongzi, which made clear and specific provisions on product classification, hygiene index, labeling and packaging, transportation, storage and sales of Zongzi. It is understood that "standard zongzi" not only needs to be marked with "SB/T 10377" on the outer packaging, but also clearly defines the meaning of zongzi, stipulating that the raw and auxiliary materials such as water and glutinous rice of 17 zongzi must meet the national standards.

The relevant person in charge of Qingdao Municipal Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision analyzed that the standard is not a national mandatory standard, and it will be difficult to implement, but its role in regulating the market should be affirmed. (Excerpted from peninsula metropolis daily)

Method guidance

First of all, master some methods to interpret news texts.

News belongs to a type of narrative, which can be interpreted by referring to the reading methods of narrative and combining with the characteristics of news. Therefore, when reading news, you can take the following six steps:

1, read the headline information and try to figure out the news type. That is to say, by pondering the meaning of the question, we can distinguish whether the narrative object of this article is people news or event news, news or communication. For example, the title of this article is "Luxury Signs of Zongzi Packaging", which basically determines the object and focus of reading.

2. Grasp the narrative elements and understand the general content. This is determined by the characteristics of the text. Because the content of news, no matter what type, is generally inseparable from the six elements of people, time, place, cause, development and result of events.

3. Sort out clues and distinguish paragraph levels. That is, to understand the context and order of the article, the purpose is to clarify the author's writing ideas, so as to accurately divide the paragraph level of the full text. For example, this paper can be divided into three parts, respectively, to write the signs of luxury packaging of zongzi, the reasons for luxury packaging and the measures of national governance.

4. Distinguish the narrative mode and understand the layout characteristics. That is to say, the main narrative method is used to analyze the text, and the information conveyed is generally in the form of "inverted pyramid" (that is, the results are said first, then the important facts, and finally the secondary content), which is different from the general narrative. The narrative mode of communication is more flexible, including direct narrative and flashback, and there may be narrative modes such as interpolation and supplementary narrative in the middle. This requires us to pay special attention to these aspects when reading. In this paper, the structure of "inverted pyramid" is adopted, that is, the results of luxurious packaging of zongzi are first mentioned, then the reasons are said, and finally the solutions are said.

5. Dig the central theme and understand the meaning. It aims to answer the questions of "evaluating the main viewpoints and basic tendencies of the text", "evaluating the social value and influence of the text" and "discussing the life value and the spirit of the times reflected by the text". The main idea of the article is very clear, that is, to advocate that zongzi packaging should be hygienic, safe, convenient and practical.

6. Analyze the expressive techniques of appreciation and exploration. Generally speaking, it can be considered from the perspectives of narrative, description, lyricism and discussion, literary means such as comparison and lyricism, rhetorical methods such as hammering words, metaphor and personification. However, news often uses a variety of expressions, and the reading time during the exam is very limited. It is generally more appropriate to analyze the most important and prominent news objects. For example, in this paper, narration and discussion are the main forms of expression, and the combination of narration and discussion has a clear view.

Second, the method of answering questions

As an inquiry question, its original intention is to encourage students' divergent thinking, cultivate inquiry consciousness and innovative spirit, thus reflecting the basic requirements of the new curriculum, that is, to advocate independent inquiry learning methods, guide Chinese teaching and cultivate students' inquiry ability. Therefore, there is generally no agreed standard answer to asking questions. As long as there is evidence, you can give points. However, the investigation of inquiry ability can't be explored at will without foundation, and students must be able to explore what they have according to the relevant information provided by the text. Therefore, inquiry questions don't require everything like general analysis questions. As long as students can discuss and explore a certain aspect, they can give extra points according to the reasonable degree and discussion. Students can express their opinions on any view of the "reference answer"; You can also give priority to one point and give consideration to other answers; If you have new ideas, as long as they are reasonable, you can give points as appropriate.

Set a topic

1. News summaries, including current reviews, pay attention to one thing and one discussion. What is the story of this article? What did the author talk about?

2. Like other comments, this article is also good at writing in a small way. Please analyze its "small" and "big".

3. Please discuss the reason why Zongzi is "extravagant". (Sang Jinlin)

Reference answer to "Luxury of Zongzi Packaging"

1, one thing: beware of luxury zongzi after luxury moon cakes.

One discussion: all departments should pay attention to this and not let it flood.

2. "Small": refers to the small geographical location, Qingdao; The second refers to the luxury of zongzi. "Big": If left unchecked, it may lead to the uncivilized phenomenon of "moon cake consumption", and some countermeasures are put forward.

3. Reasons for over-packaging: (1) From the seller's point of view, businesses are driven by interests and exaggerate the promotional role of packaging; (2) From the buyer's point of view, the sociality and irrationality of residents' consumption lead to over-packaging; (3) From the social point of view, the relevant laws and regulations are not perfect and the law enforcement is not enough.

Practical text reading biography

The investigation of Biography emphasizes that students can have a deeper understanding and feelings about the growth experience and mental journey of the characters through financial aid and independent reading, and can make a realistic analysis of various factors affecting the growth of the biography, and make an objective and fair evaluation of its thoughts, personality and merits and demerits.

The requirements of the new curriculum standard for biography are: "Reading biographies, memoirs and other works at home and abroad can grasp the basic facts, understand the preacher's life trajectory, draw useful life enlightenment from them, and form a certain depth of thinking and judgment;" Understand the basic characteristics of biographical works and try to write biographies. " It is necessary to "grasp the typical events in the works, understand the author's evaluation of biographies and related facts, and form his own thinking and judgment."

Read the following text and complete 1-4.

From chopping wood to learning to be a carpenter

Qi Baishi

Ten years of tongzhi, I am nine years old. Eleven years. I am ten years old. Twelve years. I am eleven years old. For three years, I have been at home, helping to carry water, grow vegetables, sweep the floor, and do odd jobs. I have two brothers with me when I am idle. The most important thing is to go up the mountain to cut wood, so that there is something to burn at home, and you can sell it to subsidize your family. At that time, I was not an idle person who could only eat but not cook, but my favorite was chopping wood. The neighbor's children, about my age, went up the mountain together and we became good friends. After going up the mountain, we cut a load of firewood. During the break, the three of us often get together to play "firewood fork". The firewood fork is made of split firewood. Everyone took out a bundle, put one end on the ground and leaned the other end. This is a fork. Climb up with firewood and throw it in turn. Whoever can throw down the fork wins a bundle of firewood. If you can't throw it down, you lose your own bundle of firewood. If all three people fall, or none of them fall, there is no winning or losing. If two people throw it, share the losing bundle equally, and each person wins half a bundle. Of course, if you win alone, you can get two bundles of firewood. Because three bundles of firewood are tied together, and the firewood climbed is not very heavy, it is not easy to throw the firewood fork down. A bundle of firewood takes a long time to win or lose. This is free entertainment for poor children, which I enjoyed since I was a child.

Later, I went to other places as a guest, and one year I went back to my hometown and passed by that mountain. I saw a group of children chopping wood, and there were several acquaintances in it. Their predecessors, in their early years, cut wood with me and played with firewood forks. I couldn't help but feel sad and wrote three poems. At the end of the poem:

When I came, the road was all over the world, and the unique Star Pool recognized my home.

I didn't involve your years, and the group jumped up for firewood.

I have been in Chu for three years and I am fifteen years old this year. Seeing my weak body and strength, my father wants me to learn a trade so that I can support my family in the future. However, which trade should I learn? At the beginning of that year, a villager called him "Jiman Woodsman". He is my uncle. His name is Qi Xianyou, my grandmother and his cousin. He came to my house. My father bought him a drink. When drinking, my father and he agreed that I would worship him as a teacher. Learn carpentry from him. A few days later, I picked a good day, and my father took me to uncle Xianyou's house to learn from him.

Uncle Xianyou's craft is a rough wooden work, also known as a masterpiece. Building a house and erecting a wooden frame is our occupation. Rough tables, chairs, beds, benches and plows can also be used. I took an axe and saw these things every day, so I followed him. Just after Tomb-Sweeping Day, people were building houses, and Uncle Xianyou took me to build a wooden frame for them. I don't have enough strength. I didn't hold back a big purlin, so I couldn't help it. Uncle Xianyou said I was useless and sent me home. His father said a lot of nice things to him and begged him to take him in, but he refused and had to do it.

Thanks to my father's kindness, I found a carpenter made of rough wood named Qi Changling, who took me to see the master. Master Qi, a distant relative, can sympathize with me. Seeing that my strength was poor, he said, "You should practice hard! Everything is from practice. If you practice often, you can practice your strength. "

I remember that autumn, when I came back from work with Master Qi, on the ridge of the village, I saw three people coming from afar, some carrying wooden boxes on their shoulders, and some carrying strong thick bags, all of which were guys with axes, saws and electric drills. I knew at a glance that they were carpenters and, of course, our peers. I don't care. Unexpectedly, when I took a closer look, Master Qi lowered his hands, leaned down and stood by, smiling all over, and asked them how they were. The three of them were very proud, nodded slightly and casually accosted: "Where are you from?" Master Qi respectfully replied, "I just made some rough furniture for others." After a few words, they left without looking back. Master Qi waited for them to go far before pulling me forward. I was surprised and asked, "We are carpenters, and they are carpenters, too. Why should the host be so respectful? " Master Qi frowned and said, "Children don't know the rules! We are great workers, doing rough work, while they are coolies, doing fine work. They can make exquisite little things and carve flowers. This kind of craft is not a wise man, and he will never learn it. How dare those of us who are good at it sit with them? " I'm not convinced. I thought, "They can learn, but I can't!" So, I am determined to learn gadgets.

Method guidance

1, learn about biographies, and understand the differences between biographies and novels, essays and other styles. Biography is a narrative style that records the life of a character, also known as biography. Biography has a wide range of genres, complex contents and diverse forms. Generally speaking, it can be divided into autobiographical and biographical. The former is the author's life story, which systematically and emphatically introduces the events he experienced in his life and lets readers know what he did; The latter is the author's account of other people's lives. This article is Qi Baishi's self-report, which is equivalent to autobiography.

2. We should grasp the characters' personalities fully shown in the narrative and description of the article. For the vivid fragments written in the article, we should read them repeatedly and deeply to grasp the complex thoughts, feelings and spiritual qualities of the protagonist. For some biographies with strong timeliness, table format can be used to achieve a clear effect. For example, the description of the master at the end of the article shows that carpenters and artists in the past were graded, and those with good craftsmanship had high status and were respected.

3. Grasp the authenticity and literary artistic features of biographies. We can analyze, compare and summarize from the aspects of event narration, character description and language expression, so as to grasp the artistic characteristics of the works as a whole. By reading and mastering the methods of selecting materials and organizing materials in biography writing, we can experience the vivid characteristics of praise and criticism and the use of language in biography and absorb useful expressions. For example, the language of this article is colloquial, the narrative is concise and vivid, natural and smooth, and the use of short sentences is more accurate and concise.

4. Ask questions boldly on the basis of the overall perception of the article, and taste the writing, language, thoughts and feelings, layout, etc. For example, what are the characteristics of this article in terms of words, language and image? How to evaluate a person? What do you agree or disagree with in the article? Why? How do different people and writers have different views on a problem?

5. From the perspective of examination proposition, we should pay special attention to how to correctly evaluate the merits and demerits of biographies and how to draw useful life enlightenment from biographical texts as a lesson in life. Therefore, we should grasp the evaluation criteria of historical figures. The affirmation or negation of historical figures should be based on their objective promotion or hindrance to historical development and social progress, and whether they are beneficial or harmful to the people. This is the basic criterion for evaluating historical figures. Specifically, when evaluating historical figures, they must be placed in their historical conditions and must not be divorced from the social reality at that time.

Training problem

1, combined with the full text to answer the following two questions.

(1) In the first paragraph, the old man Baishi described in detail the game of "playing firewood fork" in his childhood. What do you think is the author's purpose? Please write two points.

(2) In the second paragraph, "I can't help being sad", why is the old man Baishi sad?

2. Summarize the personality characteristics of two carpenters of Baishi old man in combination with the original text.

3. In the sixth paragraph, the old man Baishi recalled the story that his master and apprentice met a "small-scale carpenter". What was his intention? Please analyze it briefly.

4. The old man told himself about Baishi, most of which was dictated by Qi Baishi in his later years and recorded by the younger generation. Later generations commented on this biography as "I wrote the words myself". Please explore the linguistic features of this article. (Sang Jinlin)

From chopping wood to learning to be a carpenter

1, (1) shows that he was a poor child in his early years; Explain the fun of your childhood; (2) Seeing these children chopping wood, I think of their carefree childhood and the hardships of their middle-aged life; The life of the people in my hometown is still difficult.

2.( 1) Master Qi Xianyou: Stubborn, stubborn, difficult to accommodate, and demanding of his disciples. Because the young Qi Baishi was weak and incompetent in his work, he was dismissed. His father earnestly asked him, but he refused. (2) Master Qi Changling: He can sympathize with others, tolerate the shortcomings and shortcomings of his disciples, be sincere and persuasive. Seeing Qi Baishi's "poor strength", I encouraged him. As long as he practices hard, he can develop his strength.

3.( 1) shows that there was a hierarchy between carpenters and artists in the past, and people with good craftsmanship had high status and were respected; (2) Explain why he later switched to carpentry.

4.( 1) The spoken language is rich in color. For example, "Guangxu three years, I was fifteen years old. My father wanted me to learn a trade when he saw that I was weak and sick. " (2) The narrative is concise and vivid, natural and smooth, and unpretentious. For example, "I have been helping my two brothers at home for three years." (3) Using short sentences is more accurate and concise. "Ten years of stagnation, I am nine years old. Eleven years. I am ten years old. Twelve years, I am eleven years old. " (4) The line drawing technique is well used, and a character can be portrayed in a few words. For example, "My master's hands drooped and his body stood aside. Smile on your face and say hello to them. " (5) Show the story through comparison. If you compare two masters, the big one and the small one.