During the Second Opium War, Russia induced the Qing government to conclude an unequal treaty in the name of mediation. 1858 (eighth year of Xianfeng) On June 13, Gui Liang, an imperial envoy of the Qing Dynasty, signed a contract with Russian Ambassador to China Puyatine. * * * Twelve paragraphs. Main contents: (1) Russia will trade in seven ports, including Shanghai, Ningbo, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Guangzhou, Taiwan Province Province (Tainan) and Qiongzhou. If other countries open more ports along the coast, Russia will be allowed to do so. (2) Russia had to set up consular officers in various commercial ports in China, and sent troops and ships to anchor at these ports; (3) allowing Russian Orthodox priests to enter the mainland to preach freely; (4) China and China sent personnel to survey the "previously undefined border" (actually in order to occupy Russian territory); (5) If China gives other countries trade privileges in the future, Russia will enjoy them all.