(2) Sowing: Sow evenly in the ditch to make the seeds as thin as possible. The sowing amount is less than that in autumn, but it should be even, so that there is no need to scatter the seedlings before they grow to 3 ~ 4 leaves after emergence, and it will not be too dense to affect the growth. After sowing, cover the ditch with 1 cm thick soil and pat gently.
(3) Plastic film mulching: shallow ditches are opened on both sides of the border, covered with plastic film, compacted with soil, and the periphery should be tightly tied, so that the Chinese cabbage will be in an environment similar to a small arch shed after emergence. (1) Sowing: For Chinese cabbage with ditching direct seeding, after emergence, after a period of growth, the seedlings will appear too dense, especially in the case of large sowing amount, this problem will appear earlier. Therefore, at this time, it is necessary to make a thinning. At noon on a sunny day, one side of the plastic film can be uncovered for thinning, so that the spacing between plants is about 5 cm. After thinning, the plastic film is still tight and compact. When the seedlings grow close to the upper leaf edge of the plastic film, holes can be punched in the film to prevent the seedlings from being damaged by high temperature baking at noon. After 5 ~ 7 days of outdoor exercise, when the seedlings grow to 5 ~ 6 leaves, all the films can be uncovered at noon, and the seedlings can be fixed. The plant spacing varies with varieties, generally 25 cm ~ 30 cm. Pay attention to pulling out diseased seedlings, weak seedlings and miscellaneous seedlings when fixing seedlings.
(2) Planting: When the seedlings of transplanted Chinese cabbage grow to 5-6 leaves, they can be planted after hardening, and the planting density is the same as that of direct seeding, that is, the plant spacing is 25 cm-30 cm, with 2 rows per border. During seedling raising and planting, the outside temperature is still low, so irrigation is not allowed during seedling raising or planting water to avoid lowering the ground temperature. You can lightly water it with small water, then lightly water it again after 2 ~ 3 days, and then intertillage it to keep soil moisture, improve ground temperature and promote growth.
After entering the stage of clumping trees, in addition to applying ammonium sulfate or urea 150 kg ~ 225 kg per hectare (15 mu), special attention should be paid to watering methods, and it is not advisable to squat seedlings too much to inhibit growth, so there is less rainfall in spring, dry weather and large soil evaporation. After the seedlings crouch for a certain period of time, water them in time, and do a good job in intertillage and soil and water conservation.
When entering the stage of nodulation, the growth will increase and more fertilizer will be needed. Fertilize in time, topdressing urea or ammonium sulfate about 300 kg per hectare (15 mu), and watering in time. During this period, the outside temperature is rising continuously, so it is necessary to avoid the epidemic of soft rot caused by high temperature and high humidity. So pay special attention to watering technology. We can drain water in the cool morning or night to avoid flooding. Generally, watering once every 2 ~ 3 days can not only meet the water demand for nodulation, but also reduce the ground temperature and avoid the epidemic of soft rot. (A) the correct choice of varieties
Select Chinese cabbage varieties with high quality, disease resistance and high yield. In order to ensure the consistent commodity characteristics and excellent quality of Jiaozhou Chinese cabbage, jiaozhou city Chinese Cabbage Association designated the special variety of Jiaozhou Chinese Cabbage Base as 87- 1 14, Wang Qiu. Each base must use the specified variety.
(2) Rational soil preparation and fertilization
After the previous crops were harvested, the fields were cleaned. According to the law of fertilizer demand, soil nutrient status and fertilizer effect of Chinese cabbage, the corresponding fertilization amount and method were determined through soil nutrient detection. According to the principle of combining organic with inorganic, combining base fertilizer with topdressing, balanced fertilization is implemented. The recommended fertilization scheme is as follows:
1, 5,000-6,000 kg of high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer, 30 kg of Yunfeng brand potassium sulfate ternary compound fertilizer (15- 15), and fat wife 1 kg (enzyme bacteria expansion agent);
2. The base fertilizer is 1 00kg Di 'dean bio-organic fertilizer,1kg Fat Wife (enzyme bacteria expansion agent) and 30kg Yunfeng brand potassium sulfate.
After ploughing, rake the ridge of the field. Ridge spacing is 75 cm ~ 80 cm, ridge height is 15 cm ~ 20 cm, and there is a drainage ditch under the ridge.
Application method of fat wife (enzyme bacteria expansion agent): Before ridging Chinese cabbage, mix 1.0 kg of fat wife with 50- 100 kg of organic fertilizer, cake fertilizer, bean dregs and bio-organic fertilizer, and then spread them in the center of the border, or mix them with compound fertilizer. Then cultivate the soil.
List of fertilizers recommended by the base:
Microbial fertilizer:
Fat wife (enzyme bacteria expansion agent)
Organic fertilizer:
Diendi organic fertilizer
Bio-organic fertilizer:
Didien biology organic fertilizer
Inorganic fertilizer:
Yunfeng brand potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (content: 45%)
(3) timely sowing
According to the climatic conditions and variety characteristics of jiaozhou city, timely sowing. The designated varieties should be sown 8- 10 days after beginning of autumn. Sow soil 2-3 days before sowing, and implement hole sowing. Usually sow in the afternoon. After sowing, the fine soil is covered with 0.5 cm ~ 1 cm, leveled and compacted, and then covered with soil to cultivate a small mound. After two days and two nights, the mound was scraped off after 4 pm. The suitable density is about 1800-2000 plants.
(4) Site management
1, detailed in time.
Direct seeding and thinning should be carried out four times. After the seedlings are unearthed, they are carried out every 6 ~ 7 days. Keep 5-6 seedlings for the first time, 3-4 seedlings for the second time, 2 seedlings for the third time, and 4 seedlings per plant/kloc-0. If there is a shortage of seedlings, replant them in time.
2, timely intertillage weeding
Chinese cabbage should be cultivated and weeded for three times before ridge sealing. The first time is 15 days after direct seeding, the second time is 5-6 days after seedling fixing, and the third time is 15-20 days after seedling fixing. During intertillage, shallow hoes should be used to remove weeds on the ridge surface.
3, reasonable watering
Germination period:
After sowing, in case of high temperature and drought during the period from digging seedlings to pulling young leaves, water should be poured once in time. When direct seeding is used, the watering amount is based on the principle of half ridge and ditch water; When using seedling raising method, the watering amount should be based on the principle that the bed soil is not cracked and kept moist.
Seedling stage:
During the period from the hybridization of young leaves to the formation of 8 leaves, when direct seeding is adopted, water is poured every other seedling interval, and the watering amount is based on the principle of half ridge ditch water; When using seedling raising method, water should be poured once 2 ~ 3 days before transplanting, and the amount of water should be based on the principle of keeping the bed soil moist.
Rosette period:
After topdressing the rosette fertilizer, water is poured once, and the amount of water is based on the principle of full ridge and ditch water, and then water is poured after the ground is dry.
Nodding period:
When topdressing the first ball fertilizer, water should be poured once, and then every 5 ~ 6 days. The amount of water should be based on the principle of full ridge and ditch water. Stop watering 7 ~ 10 days before harvesting.
4, timely fertilization
Rosette period:
When the seedlings grow to 8 ~ 10 leaves after fixation, topdressing rosette fertilizer is started. Apply 1500 kg decomposed organic fertilizer or 10kg NPK compound fertilizer between plants every 667 m2.
Nodding period:
Topdressing twice at heading stage. For the first time, when the rosette leaves all grow up and the root leaves of the young bulbs in the center of the plant are coiled, 8 kg of compound fertilizer and 15 ~ 20 days are applied in the furrow between rows every 667 m2, and the second topdressing is carried out, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer 10 kg is applied downstream every 667 m2.
5, timely prevention and control of pests and diseases
Adhere to the principle of giving priority to prevention and comprehensive prevention, focusing on agricultural prevention, physical prevention and biological prevention, and cooperating with scientific and reasonable chemical prevention and control. Strictly control the frequency and dosage of drug use and resolutely put an end to highly toxic and residual pesticides. It is forbidden to use the following pesticides: methamidophos, phorate (39 1 1), phoxim (Su Hua 203), monocrotophos, phosphoramide, parathion (1605), methyl parathion (methyl 1605) and methyl iso-methyl. Carbofuran (carbofuran), aldicarb (mirex), methomyl, terbutamol, mirex (Yishubao, phoxim), endosulfan (Shuodan, Saidan, Azadan), phosphorus (Dafenglei, phosphorus), pentachlorophenol, cartap, 1059, etc.
(1) agricultural control:
According to the characteristics of varieties, choose a reasonable sowing date to avoid the disease-prone period. Reasonable selection of stubble, clearing the field, strengthening intertillage weeding, reducing the number of pests and diseases, cutting off the transmission route of pests and diseases, and reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases.
To cultivate strong seedlings free from pests and diseases, the seeds should be disinfected before sowing: to prevent downy mildew and black spot, the seeds can be dressed with 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder according to 0.4% of the seed amount; 25% wettable powder of virulent bacteria can also be used for seed dressing according to 0.3% of the seed amount; Agricultural streptomycin seed dressing can be used to control soft rot.
(2) Physical prevention and control:
Measures such as using silver-gray plastic film to avoid aphids, using insecticidal lamps to trap and kill pests, and using insect-proof nets to cover the whole growth period. , to avoid the harm of Pieris rapae, Plutella xylostella, aphids and other pests and the spread of viruses.
(3) Biological control:
Protect natural enemies, create favorable environmental conditions for their survival, and choose pesticides with low lethality to natural enemies; Release natural enemies, such as predatory mites and parasitic bees.
(4) Chemical control:
Spraying 20% ningnanmycin+sodium nitrophenolate+imidacloprid EC 1000 times from seedling stage to fruiting stage, or spraying Viride Ning+plant fertilizer (Bacillus)+imidacloprid EC 1000- 1500 times to prevent and control viral diseases. The prevention and treatment of virus diseases should adhere to the principle of prevention first, and spray drugs 2-3 times in time when diseases are found.
Soft rot:
Spraying 72% agricultural streptomycin soluble powder 4000 ~ 5000 times or neophytomycin 4000 ~ 5000 times at the initial stage of the disease, generally spraying 2-3 times.
Downy mildew:
Spraying 72% wettable powder for frostbite 600-800 times or 70% propamocarb EC 600-800 times at the initial stage of onset, usually once every 6-7 days and 2-3 times.
Anthracnose and Black Spot:
At the beginning of the disease, 50% Shi Hao water dispersant 800- 1000 times or 25% anthrax emulsifiable concentrate 800 times was used for prevention and treatment, generally once every 6-7 days, 2-3 times.
Laiqingchong, Plutella xylostella, Spodoptera exigua;
Spraying 0.2% Bao 1500 times solution or emamectin benzoate 1000 times solution at the peak of egg incubation and before the third instar has the best control effect in the evening. Generally, spray once every 6-7 days and spray 2-3 times.
Vegetable aphid:
Spraying 10% imidacloprid 1500 times solution, or 3% acetamiprid 3000 times solution, or 5% chlorpyrifos 3000 times solution, or 50% pirimicarb wettable powder 2000 times to 3000 times solution for control.
Beet armyworm:
When 2.2% emamectin benzoate EC is sprayed with 1000 times solution or 20% tebufenozide (Boxing) suspension 1000 times solution, the effect is the best in the evening. Generally, spray once every 6-7 days and spray 2-3 times.
List of recommended drugs for controlling Chinese cabbage diseases and insect pests;
2.2% emamectin benzoate EC, 20% ningnanmycin, sodium nitrophenolate, 72% downy mildew wettable powder, 70% propamocarb EC, plant fertilizer and green pigment.
20% boxing (tebufenozide), 10% imidacloprid, 3% acetamiprid, 0.2% Paul, 50% Shi Hao water dispersant, 25% anthrax emulsifiable concentrate, 72% Streptomyces agriculturalis According to the requirements of JIAOZHOU Chinese cabbage certificate of origin trademark, JIAOZHOU Chinese cabbage production base must establish production files and record the usage of seeds, fertilizers and pesticides in detail. Seeds, fertilizers and pesticides used must be put on record by jiaozhou city Chinese Cabbage Association. See the attachment for the use records of pesticides, seeds and fertilizers in the identified base.