Auricularia auricula is a nutritious edible fungus, and it is also a traditional health food and export commodity in China. It has many aliases, because it grows on rotten wood and looks like a human ear, so it is named auricularia; It is also like a moth butterfly, also known as a wood moth; Because of its delicious taste like chicken, it is also called tree chicken wooden machine (the ancient southern Chu people called chicken machine): double-petaled auricularia auricula is embedded in the tree and looks like pieces of clouds, so it is also called cloud ear. There are two main kinds of auricularia auricula that people often eat: one is that the ventral surface is smooth and black, and the back is hairy and gray or grayish brown, which is called auricularia auricula (commonly known as wild auricularia auricula); The other is smooth, dark brown and translucent on both sides, called auricularia auricula. Mao Mu has big ears, but its texture is thick and tough, it is not easy to chew, it tastes bad and its price is low. Auricularia auricula is soft and delicious, smooth and refreshing, and rich in nutrition. This is a kind of artificial culture. The word auricularia in this book refers to auricularia auricula.
According to modern scientific analysis, every100g of dried auricularia auricula contains protein10.6g, fat 0.2g, carbohydrate 65g, crude fiber 7g, calcium 375mg, phosphorus 20 1 mg, iron185mg and vitamin B65438+. The contents of protein, vitamins and iron are twice, twice to five times higher than those of auricularia auricula. There are many kinds of amino acids in protein, especially lysine and leucine. Therefore, auricularia auricula has been deeply loved by the broad masses of the people. It is often used as an ingredient for cooking various famous Chinese and western dishes, or stewed with red dates and lotus seeds. As an exquisite snack suitable for all seasons, it is not only crispy and delicious, but also smooth and tender.
It also has the effects of stimulating appetite, nourishing and strengthening the body. Auricularia auricula has certain adsorption capacity; Has the functions of cleaning gastrointestinal tract and digesting cellulose. Therefore, it is an indispensable health food for textile workers, mining workers and hairdressers.
Auricularia auricula can also be used as medicine The efficacy of auricularia auricula has been recorded in detail by doctors in past dynasties. For example, Li Shizhen in the Ming Dynasty recorded in the Compendium of Materia Medica: "Auricularia auricula was born on rotten wood, with sweet and dry taste, benefiting qi but not hunger, and light and strong nature, which has the function of treating hemorrhoids, bloody dysentery and bleeding." Traditional Chinese medicine has always believed that auricularia auricula has the effects of nourishing and strengthening, clearing away lung-heat, benefiting qi, enriching blood and activating blood, calming and relieving pain. It is a commonly used prescription drug for the treatment of lumbago and leg pain, hand and foot cramps and numbness, hemorrhoid bleeding and postpartum weakness. According to foreign reports, Auricularia auricula can reduce thrombosis and relieve coronary atherosclerosis, which is of special benefit to the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease. The polysaccharide contained in Auricularia auricula has certain anti-tumor effect. It is reported that the inhibition rate of mouse sarcoma 180 is 42.6%. In China, Auricularia auricula can also be decocted in water to treat women's cervical cancer and vaginal cancer.
Auricularia auricula in Xiaoxing 'anling is not only tender, crisp and refreshing, but also nutritious. It contains protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and inorganic salts. Some nutrients contained in auricularia auricula are obviously higher than other foods. Its protein content is equivalent to that of meat, vitamin B2 content is higher than that of rice, flour, vegetables and meat, iron content is 100 times higher than that of meat, and calcium content is 30-70 times higher than that of meat. Auricularia auricula is known as "meat in vegetarian diet" because of its perfect and rich nutrition.
Auricularia auricula is not only a cooking material, but also has medicinal value. Long-term consumption can eliminate impurities in the stomach and intestines, and has the effect of moistening the lungs and clearing away heat. Has effect in nourishing blood, promote blood circulation, tranquilizing and relieving pain, and can be used for treat hemorrhoid bleeding, metrorrhagia and postpartum asthenia. Because auricularia auricula has the functions of moistening lung and clearing stomach, it is also a health food for weavers, miners and hairdressers.
In addition, auricularia auricula has certain curative effect on tumor and coronary heart disease.
The latest research found that auricularia auricula has the function of dissolving stones in the body. This is mainly because the fermentation factors and plant alkaloids contained in Auricularia auricula can effectively promote the secretion of various glands in digestive tract and urinary tract, catalyze stones in vivo, lubricate pipes and promote the discharge of stones. In addition, the various mineral elements contained in Auricularia auricula can make various stones in the body react chemically, peel off, disintegrate, peel off and contract continuously, and then be discharged from the body through pipes. In addition, auricularia auricula also contains a large number of biochemical substances with the function of clearing blood and detoxifying, which is beneficial to human health.
Therefore, experts suggest that patients with internal stones should consciously eat 1-2 times a day. This can not only alleviate the pain and nausea and vomiting of patients, but also make many stones in the human body disappear naturally.
Fresh auricularia auricula contains toxins and cannot be eaten. Auricularia auricula has the function of promoting blood circulation and anticoagulation, and people with hemorrhagic diseases should not eat it. Pregnant women should not eat more.
In addition: Auricularia auricula is rich in nutrition, but if it is not soaked properly, it will be hard and small, not much and not delicious. If soaked in boiled rice soup, the black fungus will be fat, tender and delicious.
Auricularia auricula, a medicinal fungus.
Nutritional components: According to modern scientific analysis, every100g of dried product contains protein10.6g, fat 0.2g, carbohydrate 65g, crude fiber 7g, calcium 375mg, phosphorus 20 1 mg, iron185mg and vitamin B/kloc. The contents of protein, vitamins and iron are twice, twice to five times higher than those of auricularia auricula. There are many kinds of amino acids in protein, especially lysine and leucine.
Active ingredients: Auricularia auricula fruiting body contains acidic mucopolysaccharide, which is composed of monosaccharides such as L fucose, L arabinose, D- xylose, D- glucose, glucuronic acid, etc., and it is gray and filamentous.
Auricularia auricula contains adenosine (99 p D- furanosyl adenine), which is a water-soluble low molecular substance and a powerful platelet aggregation inhibitor. In addition, it also contains several water-soluble heat-resistant substances with molecular weight less than 10000 dalton, which also have similar biological activities.
Auricularia auricula melanin is a kind of colored polysaccharide peptide, which consists of glucose, mannose, galactose, fucose and a short peptide chain. When these components are decomposed into monosaccharides, they are colorless and soluble in water, and have physiological activities to enhance the immune function of the body. Adustin isolated from the fruiting body of Auricularia auricula has antifungal effect.
The phospholipids contained in dried auricularia auricula are lecithin, cephalin and sphingomyelin. Sterols are ergosterol (ergosterol 0 1) and 22:23- dihydroergosterol (22. 23, dihydroergosterol); In addition, it also contains a variety of physiologically active inorganic elements and vitamins, especially rich in iron.
Function of nature and taste: sweet, flat and non-toxic. Entering the stomach, liver and large intestine meridians, it can replenish qi and blood, stop bleeding, moisten the lungs and stomach, moisten dryness and intestines, relax muscles and tendons, and strengthen the body. Can be used for treating blood deficiency and qi deficiency, leg tremor, lung deficiency, cough, hemoptysis, hematemesis, epistaxis, postpartum weakness, leukorrhagia, metrorrhagia, bloody dysentery, intestinal wind hemorrhoid, constipation, and traumatic injury.
pharmacological action
1, hypoglycemic effect Auricularia auricula polysaccharide can prevent and treat hyperglycemia in alloxan diabetic mice, improve the glucose tolerance and tolerance curve of experimental mice, and reduce the drinking water of diabetic mice.
2. Hypolipidemic effect Auricularia auricula polysaccharide can obviously reduce the contents of serum free cholesterol, cholesterol lipid, triacylglycerol and 9- lipoprotein in hyperlipidemia rats, and reduce the formation of hypercholesterolemia in mice caused by high cholesterol.
3. Inhibition of platelet aggregation Adenosine and several related water-soluble low molecular substances can obviously prolong the time of inhibition of platelet aggregation by prothrombin concentration, which proves that adenosine is a powerful platelet aggregation inhibitor. It can be completely absorbed by the small intestine, but the active substance does not affect the synthesis of thromboxane by [14C] arachidonic acid, indicating that the substance does not inhibit the function of platelet cyclooxygenase.
4. Antithrombotic Auricularia auricula polysaccharide can obviously prolong the formation time of specific thrombus and fibrin thrombus in rabbits, shorten the length of thrombus, reduce the wet and dry weight of thrombus, reduce the number of platelets, reduce the adhesion rate of platelets and blood viscosity, obviously shorten the euglobulin lysis time of guinea pigs, reduce the content of plasma fibrinogen and improve the activity of fibrinolytic enzyme, which has obvious antithrombotic effect.
5, improve the immune function of the body Auricularia auricula polysaccharide can obviously promote the immune function of the body, including improving the spleen index, semi-hemolysis value and rosette formation rate, promoting macrophage phagocytosis and lymphocyte transformation rate, improving the cellular immunity and humoral immunity of the body, and has significant anti-tumor activity.
6. Anti-aging effect Auricularia auricula polysaccharide can reduce the brown finger content in myocardial blood tissue of mice, increase the activity of superoxide dismutase in brain and liver, and inhibit the activity of monoamine oxidase B (HA0-B) in isolated brain of mice, suggesting that Auricularia auricula polysaccharide has anti-aging activity.
7. Auricularia auricula polysaccharide has a protective effect on tissue injury, which can obviously enhance the metabolism of nucleic acid and protein, increase the content of liver microsomes, promote the biosynthesis of serum proteins, enhance the body's disease resistance and protect the body from injury.
8. Improving myocardial hypoxia Auricularia auricula polysaccharide can prolong the survival time and improve the survival rate of rats compared with normal pressure hypoxia tolerance test, suggesting that Auricularia auricula polysaccharide can improve the imbalance between oxygen supply and demand in ischemic myocardium.
9. Anti-ulcer effect Auricularia auricula polysaccharide can obviously inhibit the formation of stress ulcer in rats and promote the healing of acetic acid gastric ulcer.
10, anti-radiation effect Auricularia auricula polysaccharide has better anti-radiation effect than Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide, and can resist leukopenia caused by cyclophosphamide.
Protein, fat and sugar contained in auricularia auricula are not only essential nutrients for human body, but also the material basis for beauty. After its carotene enters the human body, it is converted into vitamin A, which has the function of moistening skin and hair. Lecithin can make body fat in a liquid state in the body, which is beneficial to the complete consumption of body fat, drives the body fat to move, and makes the fat distribution reasonable and the figure symmetrical. Cellulose promotes intestinal peristalsis, promotes fat excretion and is beneficial to weight loss.