Analysis of carving technology
The so-called technique is the author's treatment of image and space in woodcarving creation. This technique is mainly embodied in the sense of reduction. Specifically, it is from the outside to the inside, step by step by subtracting waste, gradually revealing the shape of mining. In the subtraction modeling again and again, we can not only feel the joy of the work coming out of the shell, but also feel the special charm produced by various knife methods, and some accidental effects can make the work produce new charm. Therefore, in the creation of woodcarving art, the most meaningful exploration is to use various knife methods to properly reflect our creative intentions.
Knife technique is like brushstrokes in calligraphy and painting, which can strengthen and enrich the artistic effect of works. Beautiful brushwork is formed because the technology has reached proficiency. Often copying a good painting, people find that the most difficult thing is brush strokes, because brush strokes are the product of the combination of the author's mind and skills, which is something that is difficult to embody in any imitation. Therefore, only by mastering skills and accumulating experience can we achieve our own ideal knife method. That kind of wood grain and carving marks are smooth and rough, concave and convex, arranged with round knives and cut with flat knives ... The artistic language they express has charm that sculptures of other materials can't achieve.
In a word, the knife method is a technical method used by sculptors to embody their creative ideas, and it is also a means to vividly reveal the artistic content. Knife twists, setbacks, bumps, ups and downs, all in order to make the work more vivid and natural, in order to fully reflect the beauty of wood carving materials and rich carving beauty. People who don't understand the true meaning of woodcarving don't write with a knife, but paint with affectation, fearing that the carving is not good. As a result, the knife method is rigid and craftsman-like, and the interest of wood carving can't be carved. Therefore, it is necessary to practice and ponder more, and practice makes perfect to form your own artistic language and style.
Generally speaking, people engaged in wood carving have their own set of skills in cutting besides the basic skills of holding knives. Beginners can quickly master the cutting skills as long as they are familiar with the two different uses of flat knives and round knives. First of all, emphasize the importance of holding a knife. Whether it is correct or not will not only affect the smooth progress of carving, but also cause safety problems. Then in the stage of cutting a lot of rough wood, the hammer is mainly used to work with tools, and the knife holding posture is like a fist. When carving outward or digging deeply, it can be made into a fist shape; When the carving is pushed inward, it can be made into the shape with the fist center upward, and when the carving outline wants to cut off the wood grain line, it can be made into the shape with the fist center inward or outward. The three methods can be mastered flexibly. If the tool is carved too deep, do not shake the handle to pull it out, otherwise the front opening will crack or peel off. Using another tool, cut off the wood around the tool slightly until it can be shaken. In the process of carving, we mainly use tools to carve. One is to hold the tool with both hands, such as holding the upper end of the handle with the right hand, holding the upper part of the arbor with the left hand, and slowly pushing it in the right hand direction. The other is that the right hand holds the knife in a pen shape, but the ring finger and the little finger should press on the sculpture to transport the knife forward to control the sharp knife. Pay attention to the position of the left hand. When making a small round sculpture, the left hand holding the work should be placed under the right hand, and one end of the work can rest on the workbench. When making relief, in order to hold down the board, keep your left hand away from the knife of your right hand, or put it behind your right hand. In the boxwood carving in Wenzhou, because the wood is hard, people often hold the handle with their shoulder blades and lift the knife forward. For soft wood, tapping the tool with the palm of your right hand is enough to cut a small amount of wood.
Flat knife block method: it is mainly used to cut out the outline and structural part of the work when chiseling the blank, so as to produce a rough and powerful axe splitting feeling. Therefore, the knife handling must be steady, accurate and steady, and it must be strong, consistent with the knife and refreshing, so that each knife can explain the problem and achieve the final effect of the work. The application process of flat cutter block surface method is actually to summarize the modeling process of various complex shapes with simple and abstract geometric shapes. This process can shrink every shape, every bone canal and every muscle into a square, rectangle, trapezoid and diamond. Therefore, the author is required to have solid basic modeling skills and the ability to outline natural forms. The flat knife block method can combine some round knives to run through the whole process of carving to form the final artistic effect, or it can be used only in the early stage of carving to make a big shape, and then other knife methods can be used to make a richer and more delicate description from square to round.
Circular knife carving and arrangement: Because the circular knife method is uncertain, the carved figures have vague outlines and clear concave-convex feeling, which is very suitable for exploring and expressing the texture and texture effects of various objects. As the bottom surface treatment of relief, commonly known as "hemp bottom", it is also an excellent expression technique that plays a role in setting off. Circular knife carving is to form a volume with irregular concavities and convexities, creating a natural, rich and simple aesthetic feeling on the surface. If matched with a flat knife, it is smooth and delicate, such as human skin; On the one hand, it is rough, such as human hair and sideburns, clothing and so on. , then the two will form a strong texture contrast, making the work rich and interesting. The arrangement of round knives has the same meaning as carving, but the author should consciously arrange knives to produce certain decorative and texture effects.
Technical requirements and basic essentials of wood carving technology
Chiseling rough blank: rough blank is the basis of the whole work, which summarizes all the modeling details in the concept with concise geometric shapes, requiring clear hierarchy, dynamic, coordinated proportion, stable center of gravity and strong sense of integrity, and initially forms the outer contour and inner contour of the work.
The basic essentials of chiseling blank are: from top to bottom, from front to back, from outside to inside, from shallow to deep. From top to bottom, from head to toe; From front to back, it is to chisel the front first and then the back; From the surface to the inside, that is, from the surface of wood, peel inward layer by layer; From shallow to deep, that is, dig shallow places first, and then dig deep places. When chiseling blanks, we should also pay attention to leaving room, just like cutting clothes, we should relax appropriately. Folk jargon says well: fattening can be replaced by small ones, but it is difficult to recover. "The inner distance should be small, not big. Remember that carving is subtraction."
Digging the blank: first adjust the proportion and various layouts from the overall perspective, and then gradually implement and form specific forms such as figures, facial features, limbs, costumes and props, leaving room for polishing. At this stage, the volume and lines of the work have become clear, so the knife method is required to be round and smooth, and it should be fully expressive. The skill of hollowing out thin blanks requires hollowing out with longitudinal fiber combination and hollowing out excess parts. It is necessary to use the ribbed method, that is, leave a small piece of material in the easily broken part of the work to attach it to the adjacent part, and then remove the attached ribs by the thin knife and dense sheet method after the work is completed.
Polishing: the purpose of polishing is to trim the knife marks and gaps on the thin blank with a thin knife, so that the surface of the work is meticulous and perfect. The tool path is required to be clear and fine, round or straight, and strive to show the fine details and textures of each part.
Polishing: according to the needs of some works, white wood carvings are polished to be fine and smooth with different thicknesses of woodworking sandpaper. It is required to use coarse sandpaper first, then fine sandpaper. It should be polished repeatedly along the direction of wood fiber until the knife track disappears and presents beautiful wood grain. Pay attention to keep the outline of the work clear and the lines smooth.
Carving hair patterns: carving hair patterns with a triangular knife requires fast, steady, even and thin knife lifting.
Coloring and polishing: Coloring is not only to make up for the shortcomings or defects of some materials, but also to enhance the beauty of texture and form of works. Therefore, the coloring of the works should be decided as appropriate to reflect the beauty of wood grain as much as possible. The color should be deep and bright, in line with the various aesthetic feelings of natural wood.
The purpose of glazing is to moisten the wood, make the work shiny, and at the same time play an anti-fouling role, which is convenient for long-term preservation, so it is required to penetrate evenly, bright but not vulgar.
Configuration base: the base is not only the support of the main body, but also an inseparable part of the sculpture. Therefore, it is required that the modeling scale of the base should complement the content and form of the work. Works with vivid curves can be set off by a simple and simple base, and works with simple or solemn shapes can be carved on the base. In short, we should pay attention to the coordination of the proportion between each other, pay attention to the contrast of colors, and don't pretend to be the master. Conception and design of jade carving;
If jade carving wants to pursue artistic beauty, it is necessary to understand the correct meaning of mountain and river elite and exquisite humanity. The "essence of mountains and rivers" mentioned here means that the carved jade is bright in color and moist in texture, whether it is nephrite or jadeite or corn such as turquoise, agate, serpentine and crystal. , the selected jade materials, and the carving theme design suitable for all kinds of jade materials; Exquisite humanism refers to the exquisite modeling and carving of jade, as well as the technical and social factors that affect the beauty of modeling and carving. Due to the different jade villages in the past dynasties, different tools and techniques for carving jade articles, different aesthetic tastes and customs, different uses and functions of jade articles, and different shapes and theme styles of jade articles in different periods. Modern jade carving should also meet the needs of modern society, which jade carving personnel must pay attention to. Over the years, many China jade carvings have brought people the beauty of artistic conception, which makes people think and sigh. China jade carving is an artistic product with national characteristics and a wonderful flower in the world sculpture garden. It contains the wisdom, religious ideas and aesthetic thoughts of the Chinese nation. Rough carving is the substantive stage of jade carving, that is, through technical means such as measuring, cutting, undercutting, painting, punching, rolling and drilling, jade materials are gradually turned into three-dimensional carvings, but they cannot be called complete jade articles; Rough carving is the substantive stage of jade carving, that is, jade materials are gradually transformed into three-dimensional carvings by technical means such as measuring, cutting, bottom buckle, painting, punching, rolling and drilling, but it cannot be called a complete jade.
Fine carving in jade carving process is a process of fine modification of jade carving blank, which further improves jade carving works and adds spirit. In this process, it is necessary to carve many details of jade, such as facial expressions, eyes, costume patterns, etc. Eyes, hair, claws and mouths of animals and birds; The stems, leaves and other parts of flowers and plants that can best show their charm are vividly portrayed.
Jade carving pursues vividness and moderate exaggeration, but it is impossible for anyone to make jade carving works vivid. It can be said that each piece of jade has its own meaning, its own territory, and only talented artists can discover the mystery. According to their long-term artistic practice, they can combine their own inner meaning and realm with the meaning and realm of jade itself, so as to show it in jade stripping with their own artistic ideas and skills, making it a concrete artistic treasure that people appreciate. The quality of a jade carving mainly depends on whether there is artistic conception, whether the carving is exquisite and whether the color is silent.
Whether the material is suitable and the shape is perfect; We should judge the artistic value of jade carving works from the aspects of jade quality, color, theme and modeling.
In a word, a jade carving is a work of art, and its beauty lies in its shape, color or artistic conception, or both, and artistic conception is a very important aspect of the overall evaluation of jade. The design and conception of jade carving should be based on jade, and the basic requirements of jade carving are "taking the village according to the quantity" and "applying art according to the material". Jade carving is the key. The creation of utensils should have artistic conception, and the modeling of jade should be realistic in order to produce fine products.