How to prevent diabetes
1. To lose weight through exercise and diet, pay special attention to abdominal fat, because abdominal weight loss can greatly improve glucose tolerance.
2. Control hypertension, which is closely related to the development of diabetes.
3. Regular blood sugar test: Obesity or overweight, high blood pressure and high blood lipids, family history of diabetes and other high-risk groups of diabetes, blood sugar test every three years after the age of 30; The blood sugar of the general population is measured every three years after the age of 45. Only in this way can we achieve early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment, and even prevent high-risk groups of diabetes from developing into diabetes.
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Controlling obesity is the key to prevent diabetes.
There are many risk factors for diabetes, such as family history of diabetes, bad eating habits, decreased physical activity, obesity, heavy drinking, mental stress and so on.
There are many risk factors for diabetes, such as family history of diabetes, bad eating habits, decreased physical activity, obesity, heavy drinking, mental stress and so on. It may be related to the onset of diabetes. The incidence of diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes, can be greatly reduced by actively carrying out diabetes prevention, letting the whole people know the inducing factors of diabetes and raising the prevention awareness of the whole people in time.
Preventive measures:
(1) Prevent and correct obesity.
(2) Avoid a high-fat diet.
(3) Diet should ensure a reasonable weight to meet the needs of work and life. The composition of the food is reasonable. Preferably, carbohydrates are unrefined and rich in soluble vitamins, accounting for 50%~65% of the total calories of food, fats account for 15%~20% of the total calories of food (the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids is greater than 1.5), and protein accounts for10% ~/kloc-of the total calories of food. Eat more vegetables.
(4) Increase physical activity and take part in physical exercise.
(5) Avoid or use less drugs that are not conducive to sugar metabolism.
(6) Actively discover and treat hypertension, hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease.
(7) Get rid of bad habits such as alcohol and tobacco.
(8) Regular physical examination of middle-aged and elderly people should pay attention to the determination of blood sugar 2 hours after meals in addition to routine fasting blood sugar.
Three lines of defense for diabetes prevention
The prevention of diabetes should build three "defense lines", which is called three-level prevention in medicine. If the "defense line" is laid and constructed in time, reasonably and firmly, it is possible to prevent or control most diabetes. These three "lines of defense" are:
The primary prevention can minimize the incidence of diabetes by establishing a correct diet concept and adopting a reasonable lifestyle. Diabetes is a non-communicable disease. Although it has certain genetic factors, the acquired life and environmental factors play a key role. As we all know, excessive calorie intake, obesity and lack of exercise are important factors of the disease. Low sugar, low salt, low fat, high fiber and high vitamins are the best diet to prevent diabetes. It is very important to monitor your weight regularly and keep it at a normal level for a long time. When you gain weight, you should limit your diet in time and increase your exercise to make it return to normal as soon as possible. Let sports become an important part of life and a lifelong habit. Exercise can not only consume excess calories and maintain muscle mass, but also improve satiety and euphoria. Of course, sports should pay attention to science and art, step by step, do what you can, take care of your personal interests, and go hand in hand, so that it is easy to achieve results and adhere to them. Quit smoking and drinking, and put an end to all bad habits. Parents with diabetes, obesity, overeating, hyperglycemia and lack of exercise should pay special attention to prevention.
Secondary prevention regularly detects blood sugar and discovers asymptomatic diabetes as soon as possible. Blood sugar measurement should be listed as a routine physical examination item for middle-aged and elderly people, even for healthy people, it should be measured regularly. Anyone with signs of diabetes, such as abnormal skin sensation, sexual dysfunction, decreased vision, polyuria, cataract, etc. It is necessary to measure blood sugar in time in order to diagnose as soon as possible and gain precious time for early treatment. It is necessary to comprehensively mobilize diet, exercise, drugs and other means to control blood sugar at normal or near normal levels for a long time. Fasting blood glucose should be below 6. 1 1 mmol/L, and blood glucose should be below 9.44 mmol/L 2 hours after meals. Glycosylated hemoglobin, as an indicator of chronic blood sugar level, should be below 7.0%. It is also necessary to regularly measure blood lipids, blood pressure and electrocardiogram, which are indirect indicators of blood sugar control.
The purpose of tertiary prevention is to prevent or delay the occurrence and development of chronic complications of diabetes, and reduce the disability rate and mortality rate. Diabetic patients are prone to other chronic diseases, and the complications are life-threatening. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of chronic complications of diabetes to achieve early detection. Early diagnosis and early treatment of diabetes can often prevent the occurrence of complications and make patients live a near-normal life for a long time.
Diabetes is still a lifelong disease, and there is no radical cure. Therefore, we should take positive actions to regulate our lives. Lifestyle science is the most important and solid line of defense. Don't be pessimistic if you are already a diabetic. As long as it is effectively controlled for a long time, it can prevent and delay the occurrence or development of chronic complications of diabetes. Of course, if you enter the period of chronic complications, you need to be alert to delay the deterioration of chronic complications.
2. Tips for Diabetes Life
Main points of dietotherapy application (1) Dietotherapy is the basic treatment of diabetes, and it is the premise of all treatment methods, and it is suitable for all types of diabetic patients.
Mild cases can achieve good results mainly through diet therapy, and moderate and severe patients must also apply physiotherapy and drug therapy reasonably on the basis of diet therapy. Only by controlling diet, oral hypoglycemic drugs or islets can play a good role.
Otherwise, it is difficult to achieve good results in clinic by blindly relying on so-called new drugs and drugs and ignoring diet therapy. (2) Dietotherapy should be flexibly adjusted and mastered according to the condition.
Thin patients can relax appropriately to ensure the total calories. Obese patients must strictly control their diet and focus on a low-calorie fat diet to lose weight.
For patients treated with insulin, we should pay attention to adding meals at 9~ 10, 3~4 pm or before going to bed as appropriate to prevent hypoglycemia. When manual labor or activities are long, attention should also be paid to appropriately increasing staple food or dinner.
(3) Dietotherapy should be scientific and reasonable, neither too much nor too little. Just don't be arbitrary, too strict, and dare not eat any carbohydrates. On the contrary, it will aggravate your condition and even cause ketosis.
We should strictly calculate according to our own conditions, weight, height, etc., and arrange our diet scientifically and reasonably under the premise of controlling the total calories, so as to meet the minimum needs of the human body and control the total calories. (4) Arrange staple food and non-staple food scientifically, and don't just pay attention to staple food and despise non-staple food.
Although staple food is the main source of blood sugar and should be controlled, some protein and fat in non-staple food can also become blood sugar and become the source of blood sugar. In metabolism, 58% of protein and 10% of fat become glucose.
Eating too much of this kind of non-staple food will also make people fat, which is not good for their illness. Therefore, in addition to reasonable control of staple food, non-staple food should also be reasonably matched, otherwise the expected effect will not be achieved. (5) Choosing foods suitable for diabetics is also very important to control diabetes.
Pay attention to the following two points: ① The foods that are not suitable for eating are: Ⅰ. Foods that can easily raise blood sugar rapidly: white sugar, brown sugar, rock sugar, glucose, maltose, honey, chocolate, toffee, fruit candy, candied fruit, canned fruit, soft drinks, fruit juice, sweet drinks, jam, ice cream, sweet biscuits, cakes, sweet bread and sweets made of sugar.
Ii. Foods that are easy to raise blood lipids: butter, sheep oil, lard, butter, cream and fat. For foods rich in cholesterol, special attention should be paid to using them less or not to prevent the occurrence of atherosclerotic heart disease.
Iii. it is not advisable to drink alcohol.
Because the alcohol contained in the wine contains no other nutrients, it only provides heat energy, and each gram of alcohol produces about 7 kilocalories (294 joules), which is harmful to the liver and easy to cause the increase of serum triglycerides. A few patients who take sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drugs are prone to palpitation, shortness of breath and blushing after drinking.
Note that insulin patients who drink alcohol on an empty stomach are prone to hypoglycemia. For the safety of patients, it is best not to drink alcohol. 2 Suitable foods: mainly foods that can delay the increase of blood sugar and blood lipid.
Ⅰ. Soybean and its products: These foods are rich in protein, inorganic salts and vitamins. There are more unsaturated fatty acids in soybean oil, which can reduce blood cholesterol and triglycerides, and the sitosterol contained in them also has lipid-lowering effect.
Ⅱ. Coarse miscellaneous sugar: such as naked oats powder, buckwheat powder, hot cereal, corn flour, etc. contain various trace elements, vitamin B and dietary fiber.
Experiments show that they can delay the rise of blood sugar. Corn flour, soybean flour and white flour can be made into steamed bread, pancakes and noodles in a ratio of 2:2: 1. If you stop using it for a long time, it will not only help reduce blood sugar and fat, but also reduce hunger.
(6) People with diabetes should eat less or not eat fruit. Because fruit contains more carbohydrates, mainly glucose, sucrose and starch.
Rapid digestion and absorption after eating will lead to a rapid increase in blood sugar, which is not good for diabetic patients. Therefore, diabetic patients generally should not eat more fruits.
But because fruit contains more pectin, pectin can delay the absorption of glucose, so you can eat less fruit when your condition is stable. Choose the principle of low sugar when eating fruit.
At the same time, according to its sugar content, calculate its heat energy. Convert it into staple food, reduce or deduct the amount of staple food, and keep the total calories unchanged.
Fruit should not be eaten at every meal, and it is generally considered that it is more appropriate to eat a small amount between meals (when blood sugar drops). There is a nutrient composition table, which should be selected according to the condition.
(7) Diabetic patients should also limit the cholesterol content in their diet. When the condition of diabetic patients is not well controlled, it is easy to increase serum cholesterol, which will lead to diabetic vascular complications and disease-free coronary heart disease.
Therefore, the intake of cholesterol should be limited in the diet of diabetic patients, and it is generally advocated that the amount of cholesterol is below 300 mg per day. Therefore, fat meat and animal viscera, such as heart, liver, kidney and brain, should not be used or used sparingly in clinic, because these foods are rich in cholesterol.
And eat more lean meat, fish and shrimp, which are high-protein and low-fat foods. Strict diet control is the prerequisite and the most important part of treating diabetes.
Doctors found in clinical practice that patients often can't play their due role because of poor diet control. The principles of diet control are as follows: 1. Break the misconception that you can eat more if you eat more hypoglycemic drugs.
2. Eat less and eat more. It not only ensures the supply of calories and nutrients, but also avoids the peak of postprandial blood sugar.
3. Carbohydrate foods should be eaten according to regulations, neither less nor more, and should be balanced (carbohydrates refer to sugar in food, vegetables, milk, fruits, bean products and hard fruits). There is no difference between eating dessert and salty dessert, both of which will lead to high blood sugar.
The amount of "diabetic food" should be equal to that of ordinary food. "Diabetic food" refers to foods with high dietary fiber, such as buckwheat and oats.
Although these foods take a long time to digest and absorb, they will eventually become glucose. 6. The so-called "sugar-free food" is essentially a food without sucrose. Some foods use sweeteners instead of sucrose, but you still can't eat them casually.
7. Vegetables with starch as the main component should be included in the staple food. These vegetables include potato, sweet potato, lotus root, yam, water chestnut, taro, lily, water chestnut, arrowhead and so on.
8. Beans other than soybeans, such as red beans, mung beans, broad beans, kidney beans and peas, are mainly composed of starch, so they should also be counted as staple foods. 9. Eat non-staple food in moderation.
10. It doesn't work.
3. Some knowledge about diabetes
Diabetes is a chronic disease. Due to the complicated etiology, the current medical level cannot be cured. However, with the help of modern medical knowledge and methods, diabetes can be satisfactorily controlled, and risk factors such as blood sugar, blood lipid, blood pressure and weight can be strictly controlled to prevent the occurrence and development of complications. People with diabetes can still enjoy the same life and longevity as normal people.
1. Properly control the amount of staple food: Under normal circumstances, rest patients eat 250-300g of staple food (rice, flour, corn, millet, buckwheat, etc. ) every day; 350-400 g per day for light manual workers; Heavy manual workers 450-550g per day. After the blood sugar and urine sugar drop, the staple food can be appropriately increased by 25-50g. The staple food should be eaten in rotation or mixed to improve the nutritional value. Patients should pay attention to summing up the changing rules between meals and blood sugar and urine sugar, so as to achieve stable condition and fixed staple food; If the condition fluctuates, adjust it in time. Be flexible and keep your weight within the standard range.
2, control diet: It does not mean that the less you eat, the better, because long-term hunger and insufficient calories will lead to the body's own consumption, not only thin, weakened resistance, but also aggravate diabetes. Therefore, diabetic patients should follow the doctor's advice, reasonably arrange the appropriate proportion of daily total calories, protein, fat and carbohydrates, and make their own ideal recipes.
3. The time and quantity of meals should be kept stable: try not to eat snacks, quit smoking and avoid alcohol.
4. Restrict the intake of cholesterol: Middle-aged and elderly diabetics and patients with coronary heart disease and hyperlipidemia should strictly limit the intake of cholesterol in the diet. Animal fat and viscera contain high cholesterol, so you should eat less or not, and no more than two eggs a day.
5. Eat coarse but not refined food: within the quantitative range of staple food, eat coarse grains, beans and vegetables as much as possible, with green leafy vegetables as the best, such as rapeseed, Chinese cabbage, leeks, spinach and celery. These foods are not only rich in vitamins and inorganic salts, but also contain more crude fiber, which can effectively prevent blood sugar from being absorbed too fast, and also have the functions of lowering cholesterol, preventing arteriosclerosis and preventing constipation.
6. Strictly restrict sucrose and sweets: diabetics should not eat sugar, candy, honey and sweets and sugary drinks. These high-sugar foods are easily absorbed by the human body, which promotes the increase of blood sugar and aggravates the burden on the pancreas, thus aggravating the condition.
7. Learn some knowledge of nutritional therapy: basically master the main nutrients contained in commonly used foods, especially the sugar content. At the same time, we should know which foods can be eaten more, which foods should be eaten less and which foods should be fasted, and we should be aware of the exchange methods of foods with equivalent nutritional value.
8, eat fruit in moderation: according to the patient's blood sugar, urine sugar flexible control. If fasting blood sugar does not exceed11mmolh \ (2000 mg/dl \), urine sugar does not exceed 3 plus signs, and there is no ketoacidosis, you can eat a small amount of fruit, but you should master it well, don't eat a lot, and eat 150-200 grams at most every day. According to the determination, the sugar content of bananas, oranges, apples and pears is moderate: melons, watermelons and cherries have less sugar content, so you can eat them first; Tomatoes and cucumbers are low in sugar, so you can eat more instead of fruit.
4. Dietary aftercare and life care for diabetes
This book adopts a scientific and rigorous attitude and easy-to-understand language to introduce the dietary taboos, diet recipes and daily life care of hyperlipidemia respectively.
The prescriptions listed in the book not only combine the ancient prescriptions, but also have their own innovations. The medicines and foods are homologous and scientifically compatible. Every formula, porridge, soup, tea and medicated wine, has raw materials, functions and production methods. If it is made according to the formula, it can receive better curative effect. In the process of use, you can choose according to your family situation and diseases.
Chinese dietotherapy is extensive and profound, and it strives to be precise, simple, practical, convenient and effective in the writing process. I believe that the publication of this book is not only a necessary health care book for patients with hyperlipidemia, but also a reference book for primary medical workers. Due to the limited level of the author, mistakes and omissions in the book are inevitable. Please correct me.
About the author: Tian Jianhua, male, born in June, 196 1. 1983 graduated from university, and now works in Anyang People's Hospital of Henan Province (Central Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College Affiliated Hospital), serving as director of Chinese medicine, deputy chief physician and associate professor.
He is also a member of Henan Rehabilitation Medicine Committee of Chinese Medical Association, Henan Cardiovascular Disease Committee of Chinese Medical Association, Deputy Director of Anyang Diabetes and Endocrinology Committee, Director of Anyang Geriatrics Association, Editorial Board of Chinese Medical Journal, and Member of the 10th CPPCC Committee of Anyang. Engaged in internal medicine of traditional Chinese medicine for 23 years and accumulated rich clinical experience.
He is good at modern integrated Chinese and western medicine diagnosis and treatment, as well as Chinese medicine diet and modern nutrition methods, and comprehensively treats intractable diseases. He has in-depth research and unique opinions on the clinical treatment, prevention and rehabilitation of diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Using the method of separation and integration of modern natural food ingredients, the project of "Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia Flour" was created and won the national invention patent. With its convenient catering method and stable heat energy structure, it effectively solves the bottleneck problems that have plagued the clinical treatment of the disease for a long time, such as inaccurate heat energy intake, difficult quality control and management, and difficult cooperation with hypoglycemic drugs. It fills the gap in the development of diabetic food in China.
Published more than 40 medical papers and 5 medical monographs. He won the Science and Technology Achievement Award 1 item of Henan Provincial Health Department, 3 Science and Technology Achievement Awards of Anyang City, and the National Invention Patent 1 item.
Table of Contents: The Last Diabetes Diet Chapter 1 Diabetes Diet Should Be Avoided Can Diabetes Patients Eat Fruit? What vegetables is suitable for diabetes? What other foods are suitable for diabetes? What are the taboos in the diabetic diet? What is the principle of diabetes diet therapy? Chapter II Diabetes Recipe: Coix Seed, Preserved Wax Melon Shredded with Cucumber Jellyfish, Artemisia selengensis, Fried Radish, Lotus Leaf, Frozen Chicken and Leek, Fried Lentils and Shredded Radish, Fried Spinach and Shredded Shredded Pork, Fried Bitter Melon and Celery, Stewed Lentils, Chilled Bamboo Shoots, Tofu, Stewed Turtle Garlic and Vinegar with Corn Silk, Stir-fried Celery, fried eel Silk Wings, Roasted Hericium erinaceus, kelp ribs and vermicelli, and stewed cucumber and bitter gourd Steamed chicken doesn't think about gastrodia elata, boiled tofu, ginger fried carrots, garlic vinegar, carp, tremella stewed tofu and leek fried shrimps ... Chapter III Diabetes porridge, Chapter IV Diabetes soup, Chapter V Diabetes tea, Chapter I Diabetes life care, Chapter I Diabetes tips, Chapter II Diabetes life taboos, Chapter III Sugar taboos and other therapies Summary: This book adopts a scientific and rigorous attitude and easy-to-understand language to introduce diet taboos, diet recipes and daily life care of hyperlipidemia respectively. The prescriptions listed in the book not only combine the ancient prescriptions, but also have their own innovations. The medicines and foods are homologous and scientifically compatible. Every formula, porridge, soup, tea and medicated wine, has raw materials, functions and production methods. If it is made according to the formula, it can receive better curative effect.
In the process of use, you can choose according to your family situation and diseases. Chinese dietotherapy is extensive and profound, and it strives to be precise, simple, practical, convenient and effective in the writing process. I believe that the publication of this book is not only a necessary health care book for patients with hyperlipidemia, but also a reference book for primary medical workers.
Due to the limited level of the author, mistakes and omissions in the book are inevitable. Please correct me. About the author: Tian Jianhua, male, born in June, 196 1.
1983 graduated from university, and now works in Anyang People's Hospital of Henan Province (Central Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College Affiliated Hospital), serving as director of Chinese medicine, deputy chief physician and associate professor. He is also a member of Henan Rehabilitation Medicine Committee of Chinese Medical Association, Henan Cardiovascular Disease Committee of Chinese Medical Association, Deputy Director of Anyang Diabetes and Endocrinology Committee, Director of Anyang Geriatrics Association, Editorial Board of Chinese Medical Journal, and Member of the 10th CPPCC Committee of Anyang.
Engaged in internal medicine of traditional Chinese medicine for 23 years and accumulated rich clinical experience. He is good at modern integrated Chinese and western medicine diagnosis and treatment, as well as Chinese medicine diet and modern nutrition methods, and comprehensively treats intractable diseases.
He has in-depth research and unique opinions on the clinical treatment, prevention and rehabilitation of diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Using the method of separation and integration of modern natural food ingredients, the project of "Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia Flour" was created and won the national invention patent. With its convenient catering method and stable heat energy structure, it effectively solves the bottleneck problems that have plagued the clinical treatment of the disease for a long time, such as inaccurate heat energy intake, difficult quality control and management, and difficult cooperation with hypoglycemic drugs.
It fills the gap in the development of diabetic food in China. Published more than 40 medical papers and 5 medical monographs.
He won the Science and Technology Achievement Award 1 item of Henan Provincial Health Department, 3 Science and Technology Achievement Awards of Anyang City, and the National Invention Patent 1 item. Table of Contents: The Last Diabetes Diet Chapter 1 Diabetes Diet Should Be Avoided Can Diabetes Patients Eat Fruit? What vegetables is suitable for diabetes? What other foods are suitable for diabetes? What are the taboos in the diabetic diet? What is the principle of diabetes diet therapy? Chapter II Diabetes Recipe Coicis Semen, shredded white gourd with cucumber jellyfish, Artemisia selengensis, lotus leaf fried radish with shredded chicken leek, stir-fried spinach with shredded pear, stir-fried bitter gourd celery, boiled tofu slices with braised lentils, cold-mixed three fresh bamboo shoots and tofu, stewed corn with tortoise, garlic, vinegar and celery, stir-fried eel wings, roasted Hericium erinaceus, kelp ribs and vermicelli, stop cucumber and bitter.