In the 5th century, Italy was invaded by Visigoths. By the second half of the 5th century, Italy was controlled by the Eastern Gothic Kingdom. At the beginning of the 6th century, the Eastern Roman emperors Justinian and General Belisarius conquered the Eastern Gothic kingdom. After the collapse of the Eastern Gothic Kingdom, Lombardies flooded into Italy and conquered northern Italy, while southern Italy was still under the control or influence of Byzantium. In the 8th century AD, Pippin and Charlemagne, sons of Caroline Dynasty in the Frankish Kingdom, waged a continuous war against Lombardy, finally conquered Lombardy in 774, and dedicated the land in central Italy with Rome as the center to the Pope, thus establishing a papal state. Since then, northern Italy has always belonged to the central Frankish kingdom and the subsequent Holy Roman Empire. In southern Italy, a series of Bo countries have been established one after another. As a vassal state of Byzantium, Sicily was once occupied by Arab pirates. After the decline of Byzantium in 1 1 century, the Normans conquered southern Italy and established independent kingdoms of Sicily and Naples. As the golden treasures of the Mediterranean, these two kingdoms played an important role in medieval Europe, and they were also the objects of contention among countries. Here is an introduction to the royal lineage of Naples and Sicily.

One. Welber Zhou Hotel

1. Roger I (1071-101) Count of Sicily. The youngest son of Norman nobleman Tankley. Tancrede was a Norman aristocrat in Normandy. He owned a small territory called several villages in Hotwell. He has 12 sons. Since the second half of the 20th century, almost all his sons have left Normandy to take risks all over Europe. Among them were Roger I and his brother Robert. 1062, they conquered Calabria (toe part) at the southern tip of the Italian peninsula. Later, in 107 1 year, two brothers crossed the ocean and conquered Messina and Palermo, Sicily under the control of Arabs at that time, and Roger became the Count of Sicily. Since then, Sicilian history has become an inseparable part of European history. After a long siege, Syracuse surrendered at 1086, and Roger finally unified the whole Sicily at 109 1. During Roger's reign, he was able to live in peace with the conquered Muslims in Sicily, which was very remarkable. Under his rule, Normans, Greeks, Italians, French and Arabs began to merge in Sicily.

2. Simon (110/-kloc-0/105), Earl of Sicily, the eldest son of Roger I.

3. Roger II (1105-1130), Earl of Sicily, King of Sicily. After the death of Roger I's second son 1 127, William (heel part), Duke of Apulia (grandson of Robert, Roger I's brother), Roger I claimed to inherit all the territories of the Hotwell family in southern Italy. The Pope cooperated with Roger's two cousins against Roger, but Roger was defeated. 1 128, Roger won the Arab League centered on Bali. 1 129, Roger inherited the territory of Naples. 1 130, Roger merged the territories of southern Italy and Sicily, and was crowned king of Sicily by his new pope in Palermo at Christmas.

Second, Hotwell Dynasty (Kingdom of Sicily)

1. Roger II, King of Sicily (1130-1154). After Roger II became king, Pope Pope Innocent II, French King Louis VI, British King Henry I, Holy Roman Emperor lothaire and southern Italian nobles joined forces to intervene in Sicily because many countries were afraid of the birth of a powerful Norman kingdom in the Mediterranean. Emperor lothaire of the Holy Roman Empire completely drove Roger II out of southern Italy in 1 137, but lothaire died soon, which saved Roger from extinction. Since then, Roger defeated the papal army in 1 139, forcing Pope Innocent II to recognize his position in southern Italy and Sicily, and signed an armistice agreement with the Pope in 1 144, delineating the border between southern Italy and papal countries, thus determining the territory of Naples and Sicily in the next 700 years. Since then, Roger II has vigorously developed its navy and become a maritime power in the Mediterranean. Through a series of maritime conquests, Roger II once conquered Tripoli on the coast of North Africa.

2. William I, King of Sicily (1154-1166). The fourth son of Roger II and elvira Alfonso, Princess of Castilla. William, known as "the wicked". After William ascended the throne, he was resisted by nobles (barons) from all over the world (it is said that he was dissatisfied with his semi-Muslim life). At the same time, Pope Adrian IV, the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I and the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I also formed an anti-Sicilian alliance. 1 155, the Greek army landed in Bali, but in 1 156, William defeated the Byzantine fleet and army in Brindisi, and the Pope had to reconfirm William's throne in Sicily. 1 158, William made peace with Byzantium, and Sicily survived again. However, in the war with the Pope and Byzantium, Sicily lost all the African territories expanded by Roger II. Later, with the support of the army and the people, William put down the rebellion of nobles all over the kingdom.