Lesson 65438 +0? The unification and demise of the Sui Dynasty (the Grand Canal and the imperial examination system must be supported)

First, the establishment of the Sui Dynasty.

1, Establishment of Sui Dynasty: 58 1 year, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty seized the Northern Zhou regime, established the Sui Dynasty, and made Chang 'an its capital.

2. The unification of the Sui Dynasty:

Time: In 589, the Sui Dynasty destroyed Chen and unified the north and south.

The reasons for the reunification of the Sui Dynasty are as follows: ① After a long period of division and war, the people longed for reunification. (2) Great ethnic integration in the north and economic development in the south of the Yangtze River. (3) The Sui Dynasty managed vigorously, and its national strength was strong; The Chen dynasty ruled corruptly and its national strength was weak.

Significance: It ended the long-term division and achieved unity, laying the foundation for the prosperity and development of economy and culture in Sui and Tang Dynasties.

3. The economic prosperity of the Sui Dynasty-Emperor rule

(1) Performance: population surge, cultivated land expansion and abundant granaries.

(2) Reasons: ① National unity and social stability; (2) Emperor Wendi vigorously developed production; The ruler advocates thrift.

(3) During the reign of Emperor Wendi, the country was unified and stable, the people's burden was light, and the economy flourished. Historically, the rule of Emperor Wen was called "the rule of opening the emperor".

Second, the opening of the Grand Canal.

1. Objective: To strengthen the north-south traffic and consolidate the rule of the Sui Dynasty over the whole country.

2. Reasons for opening: ① The rule of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty laid an economic foundation for the opening of the Grand Canal. (2) National unity in Sui Dynasty. (3) Based on several ancient canals dug by the previous generation.

3. Time and people: Since 605, Emperor Yang Di has opened a Grand Canal that runs through the north and south.

4. Center and starting point: Luoyang as the center, Zhuo Jun in the north and Yuhang in the south.

5. Length and current situation: It is the longest canal in the ancient world with a total length of more than 2,000 kilometers.

6. Four components (from north to south): Yongji Canal, Tongji Canal, Hangou and Jiangnan River.

7. Connect five rivers (from north to south): Haihe River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Yangtze River and Qiantang River.

8. The role of openness: It is conducive to maintaining national unity and centralization, and greatly promotes economic exchanges between the north and the south of China.

9. Evaluation of the opening of the Grand Canal: (1) Positive: (1) Economically, it has greatly promoted economic exchanges between the North and the South; (2) politically conducive to maintaining national unity and centralization (strengthening control over the south)? (2) Negative: But it also brought heavy corvee burden to the people and accelerated the demise of the Sui Dynasty. (The root cause of the demise of the Sui Dynasty was the tyranny of the Sui Dynasty, and digging the Grand Canal could not make the Sui Dynasty perish. Generally speaking, the excavation of the Grand Canal is a great contribution to the history of China.

Third, the establishment of the imperial examination system.

1. Process: ① After Emperor Wen ascended the throne, he abolished the official selection system of the previous dynasty, paid attention to the knowledge of talents, and initially established the official selection system by examination. (2) During Yang Di's reign in Yang Di, the establishment of Jinshi Branch marked the formal establishment of the imperial examination system.

2. Significance: The establishment of the imperial examination system is a great change in the ancient system of selecting officials in China, which strengthened the power of the emperor to select officials, expanded the scope of selecting officials, enabled talented people to participate in politics, and promoted the development of education. The imperial examination system has become the main system for selecting officials in past dynasties, and it has been maintained for 1300 years.

Fourth, the demise of the Sui Dynasty.

1. Background: Emperor Yang Di was overjoyed, indifferent to people's resources, and indulged in pleasure and luxury. During his reign, he built a series of major projects and launched wars many times, which made people miserable and intensified social contradictions.

2. Overview: The peasant uprising first broke out in Shandong, and then spread to the whole country, and the rule of the Sui Dynasty faced disintegration.

3. Death: In 6 18 AD, Emperor Yang Di was killed by the Ministry in Jiangdu, and the Sui Dynasty perished. The same reason as the demise of the Qin Dynasty is tyranny and national subjugation.