Etiology of thyroid diseases
Many reasons can cause thyroid diseases. The iodine deficiency goiter with the highest incidence rate is mainly caused by environmental iodine deficiency. Many thyroid diseases, such as hyperthyroidism and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, are related to abnormal immune function and genetic factors.
Symptoms of thyroid disease
In addition to the local manifestations of the neck, thyroid diseases can have a variety of clinical manifestations due to abnormal thyroid hormone secretion, abnormal immunity and pathological changes affecting other organs of the whole body. When hyperthyroidism occurs, the level of thyroid hormone in the blood increases, which can cause palpitation, shortness of breath and fear of heat. Hyperhidrosis, restlessness, overeating, emaciation, exophthalmos, shaking hands and other systemic symptoms. When hypothyroidism occurs, the level of thyroid hormone in the blood decreases, which is manifested as fear of cold, fatigue, less sweating, loss of appetite, constipation, weight gain, forgetfulness, unresponsiveness, cold skin, dryness and roughness, leg muscle spasmodic pain and other systemic manifestations. Malignant thyroid tumors often invade the surrounding tissues such as esophagus and trachea, which can cause dysphagia, dyspnea and hoarseness. It can also transfer to the lungs and bones with blood circulation, causing bone pain and lung symptoms; It can also be transferred to nearby lymph nodes with lymphatic vessels, leading to lymph node enlargement.