Feeding methods of snails: fertilization and feeding.
In the culture pond, some manure is first applied to cultivate plankton and provide bait for snails. The amount of fertilizer applied depends on the bottom material of the snail pond. After the snails are put into the pond, they are fed with vegetables, rice bran, fish viscera or vegetable cakes and bean cakes. Green horn and fish viscera should be chopped and mixed with feed such as rice bran. Vegetable cake, bean cake, etc. Should be soaked and softened to facilitate the feeding of snails. The feeding amount depends on the feeding situation of snails, generally calculated as 1%-3% of the total snail, and fed once every 2-3 days. Feeding time every morning, feeding position does not need to be fixed, and feed is put every other day. When the temperature is lower than 15℃ or higher than 30℃, there is no need to feed.
Water quality regulation
First, the snail pond should be filled with fresh water frequently to adjust the water quality, especially in the breeding season. It is best to keep the pond water flowing, especially in high temperature season, and it is best to adopt running water culture. Micro-flowing water cultivation is the best in spring and autumn. The water depth of snail pond should always be about 30 cm. The second is to adjust the pH of water. When the pH value of the pool water is low, apply 0. 15-0. 18kg of quicklime per square meter and spray it every 10- 15 days to keep the pH value of the pool water at 7-8.
Overwintering management of snails
When the water temperature drops to 8-9℃, snails begin to hibernate. During hibernation, snails drill into the soil with the top of their shells, leaving only a round hole on the soil surface, and bubbles come out from time to time to breathe. Snails don't eat during the wintering period, but the water depth of the culture pond still needs to be kept at 10- 15 cm. Generally, change the water once every 3-4 days to maintain an appropriate oxygen content.
Current management
It is strictly forbidden to flow into water sources polluted by pesticides and fertilizers; Prevent the invasion of enemies such as ducks, snakes, rats and birds; Remove weeds and roots in water in time. Usually in the form of micro-running water, keep the water level at about 30 cm. In high temperature season, the water flow should be increased, and the temperature rise should be controlled to ensure sufficient dissolved oxygen in the water. In cold weather, snails hibernate in the soil. At this time, change the water 1 ~ 2 times a week, and sprinkle some chopped straw on the water to help snails overwinter.
Harvest and transportation
After a year of careful breeding, the released young snails can reach 10 ~ 20g, and the hatched young snails can reach more than 5g that year.
When harvesting snails, we should adopt the method of catching large snails and putting small snails on the market in batches, and selectively eat adult snails, keep young snails and some female snails, so as to replant naturally and avoid releasing seedlings in the future. According to their living habits, in the hot season of summer and autumn, they choose to pick up bamboo branches and grass stems rotating on the shore or in the water body in the morning and evening; In winter and spring, choose sunny noon to pick. In addition, snails can also be harvested by catching them in the lower pool or picking them up in the drainage dry pool. Snails are very simple to transport, and can be packed in ordinary bamboo baskets and wooden barrels. , or packed in woven bags. As long as snails stay wet during transportation, they can avoid exposure to the sun.
selective breeding
Snails have strong stress resistance, few diseases, high reproduction rate and low requirements for breeding places. Many ditches, paddy fields and ponds in rural areas can be stocked. If it is an open pond, duckweed, water hyacinth, etc. Can be placed on the surface of the water to shade, as well as bamboo poles, sticks and so on. Can be inserted in the pond for snails to inhabit, which can not only collect water and green manure as feed, but also raise snails to increase income.
Stocking breeding
The optimum growth temperature of snails is 20~25℃. When the temperature is lower than 15℃ or higher than 30℃, snails stop eating and hibernate when it is lower than 10℃. Therefore, the goods can be stocked in the Jiangnan area of 1 1 in March. If it is stocked in natural areas, it is enough to put 1 1 snail (3 males and 8 females) per square meter. If the pond is dug for single culture, snails can be released 100~500 per square meter, and the depth of the water layer should be 0.8~ 1 m. A layer of silt with a depth of more than 10 cm is left at the bottom of the pond, which is convenient for snails to crawl, feed and inhabit. When stocking, male and female snails can be stocked together and let them reproduce naturally.
raise
Snails are omnivores, and rice bran, vegetable leftovers, melon leaves, animal carcasses and commercial feed can all be fed. Generally, aquatic plants, soil humus and vegetable skins are the staple foods. In fertile paddy fields, fish and snails are mixed, or duckweed, green duckweed, water hyacinth and other depressions are stocked on the water surface, so you can throw less or no feed.
harvest
Oncomelania viviparous. In the south, April to May and September to11are the breeding seasons for Oncomelania hupensis. Generally, female snails give birth in batches, and each snail can give birth to 20-30 small snails at a time. It takes 14- 16 months for female snails to reproduce again after giving birth. It is necessary to selectively catch adult snails and keep more female snails, which can be harvested in batches. In summer and early autumn, the water temperature is high. At noon, snails hide in the soil and grass. Be sure to answer it sooner or later, or you can drain it. Every 100 female snail, the annual output can reach 100 kg.
artificial insemination
Choose a snail pond with sufficient water, running water and no pollution. Generally, the pool is 1.5m wide, 10 ~ 15m long and 30 ~ 50cm deep. A 20cm high embankment was built between the two ponds for walking, and the bottom of the pond was covered with 10cm thick silt. Aquatic plants such as Zizania latifolia, asparagus, water hyacinth and duckweed can be sparsely planted in the pond, which can not only shade, but also climb, provide bait for snails and improve the utilization rate of snail pond. 60~80 cm high fence or mesh fence should be built around the snail pond.
Most snails breed naturally. Artificial culture can be picked up from paddy fields, water bamboo fields and muddy ditches, or bought in the market, and then fresh snails with light brown color, thin shell and blunt tail are selected as seed snails. Snails with average body weight 1.5 ~ 25g reach sexual maturity and can reproduce above 1.5℃. The female is big and round, while the male is small and sharp.
control of insect
With the development and utilization of local varieties, snail farming has been developed in recent years. Oncomelania belongs to mollusks, gastropods and snails, and there are four kinds of snails, namely, China Oncomelania, China Oncomelania and Wusuli Oncomelania. The main cultured species is Ampullaria gigas. River snails are generally suitable for breeding in rice fields, shallow ditches, low-lying areas and wetlands. Snails have low requirements for breeding sites. Generally, it can be cultivated in shallow water with a little improvement. It can be cultivated in soft mud bottom water containing a lot of humus, and it is best to have certain micro-flow conditions. So far, there are few diseases and insect pests of snails found and reported.
Here are some suggestions for your reference:
There are 100~ 120 seed snails per square meter, and 4 summer pomfrets can be raised in the pond. Before releasing the snails, apply a proper amount of manure in the pond to cultivate the bait organisms. After releasing the snails, feed the leftovers such as vegetable leaves, rice bran, bean cakes, vegetable cakes and animal offal. Feed the cake after it is soaked soft, and chop other feeds and mix well. The feeding amount is generally 1%~3% of the total weight of snails, and it is 1 time every 2~3 days, and the feeding amount is adjusted according to the growth and feeding situation of snails.
Oncomelania diseases are few, and daily management focuses on managing water and preventing ducks, cats, snakes, rats and birds from entering the pool to prey on Oncomelania, so as to prevent Oncomelania from fleeing. Snails should be cultured in shallow water and flowing water, and the depth of pool water should be 25~30 cm, especially in breeding season and high temperature season.
Aquaculture water body
Snails have strong adaptability and few diseases. As long as a large number of pesticides and fertilizers are avoided, many flat rivers, streams, potholes, paddy fields, ponds and other ordinary water bodies in rural areas can be stocked. If you dig a special pond for feeding, choose a place with convenient water source and humus soil to build a pond (if the soil is not suitable, it is best to apply mixed compost to improve it first). Keep the sediment thickness 10 ~ 15cm, and the area is not limited. If it is an open water body, a small amount of duckweed and water lily can be planted on the water surface, some vines and melons and vegetables can be planted around the pond for shade, and bamboo tails, branches or stones and grass can be arranged in the water for snails to live in seclusion.
10 snail enters tang qian, and quicklime is applied to the whole pond at a dosage of 50 ~ 100 kg per mu to remove wild fish, shrimp and other miscellaneous snails. After 3 ~ 4 days, organic fertilizer and culture bait organisms are piled up in the water for snail to eat.
Snail stocking
The stocking of seed snails is best completed in the early stage of snail breeding. The source of snail culture: one is field collection, and the other is market collection. Choose fresh snails, light brown in color, thin and complete in shell, and dull in dome. Generally speaking, if 0. 1 ~ 0.5 kg of seed snails are put into the natural extensive water body per square meter, the seed quantity in the intensive culture pond can be increased by 2 ~ 3 times. Cultured snails can be stocked separately or mixed.
Feeding and management
Extensive farming in natural water bodies can meet the growth needs of Oncomelania snails as long as the fertility of water bodies is maintained and appropriate amount of organic fertilizers, such as manure, chicken manure, cow dung, pig manure or straw, are applied regularly. In the case of high-density intensive farming, artificial bait must be put in. Snails don't need much nutrition. Rice bran, wheat bran and soybean powder were simply mixed at the ratio of 60%, 25% and 15% to make the first-class feed for snails.
According to the feeding situation and climate conditions of snails, snails have a strong appetite at a suitable temperature (that is, 20 ~ 28℃), and can be fed once every two days, and the feeding amount is 2% ~ 3% of their body weight each time. When the water temperature is in the range of 15 ~ 20℃ and 28 ~ 30℃, feed it twice a week, and the dosage is about 1% each time. When the temperature is lower than 15℃ or higher than 30℃, it is less than or equal to zero.
Snails are characterized by mollusks. Its body is divided into three parts: head, feet and visceral sac. Its head has a mouth, eyes, tentacles and other sensory organs. There is a shell outside the body. The foot of the snail is muscular and located on the ventral surface of the body.
The diaphragm near the soles of the feet is called squat, like a round cover. When something happens or needs a rest, the snail will shrink its body in its shell, and through the contraction of its foot muscles, it will tightly wrap the shell and squat down. The blood color of river snail is special, white. Snails are edible, and the edible part is mainly its fleshy foot.
Snails are distributed in most parts of the country and can be caught in summer and autumn. China snails are very common in fresh water. Medium-sized individuals, the shell is about 44.4 mm high and 27.5 mm wide. The shell is nearly wide and conical, with 6-7 spiral layers, each spiral layer expands outward, the height of the spiral part is greater than the shell opening, the body spiral layer expands obviously, the shell tip and suture line are deep, the shell surface is smooth, angular and yellowish brown, the shell opening is nearly oval, the edge is complete and thin, and there is a black frame edge. Degenerated into horny thin slices, smaller than the shell mouth, with concentric growth lines, scorpion nucleus located in the center of the inner lip, living environment.
Snails usually grow near ponds or reservoirs. If the water quality is not good, they are easily polluted, especially when the feces in snails are not cleaned up. Many parasites, such as snails, are the hosts of schistosomiasis.
A long time ago, there was a little boy in the village. Because his parents died, he went to the river to catch some small fish for dinner every day. One day, he went to catch fish in the river, but one day, he caught nothing but a snail. When the young man took the little snail in his hand and prepared to cook it in hot water, he suddenly felt that the snail was also very pitiful, so he changed his mind and raised it in a water tank.