Excerpted from China. com
According to the China calendar, Renwu (2003 1 9th of the month)19th of February is the 720th anniversary of the death of Wen Tianxiang, a patriotic poet in the late Song Dynasty. More than 700 years ago, on the occasion of the country's elimination of prisoners, he wrote a poem with his own life and blood, "Who has never died in life since ancient times, leaving a heart to shine on history". These famous sentences, which have been told through the ages, are like the stormy waves lapping on the shore of a lonely ocean, stirring the soul of a nation; It is also like a flaming ancient cotton tree in the ancient battery of Yahai, which exudes lofty and upright spirit soaring into the sky.
Wen Tianxiang, whose word is good, is also known as Song Rui, whose name is Wenshan. A native of Luling, Jizhou, Jiangxi (now Ji 'an). In the Southern Song Dynasty, Bao You Jinshi was appointed as our envoy to Ninghai. Salt for ten years, because of mocking Prime Minister Jia Sidao, he was demoted as Ganzhou Zhizhou. In the first year of Deyou, the Mongolian army went south and was in an emergency along the river. The imperial court in the Southern Song Dynasty issued an imperial edict calling on local officials and gentry to be diligent. Jin Wengong immediately sold his property as a military expense, recruited more than 10,000 people, and decided to enter Lin 'an (now Hangzhou), the capital of Wei State, and was sent to the periphery to fight the Yuan Army. Two years later, Hood was appointed as the county magistrate of Lin 'an, and soon he was appointed as the right prime minister, and was sent to Yuan Ying to negotiate. During the negotiation, he fought with Yuan, was detained, and fled on the way to escort Yuan Dadu. After many hardships, he arrived in Fuzhou and still served as the right prime minister. Later, he was appointed as the special envoy of the Tang Dynasty, in charge of all the troops.
Wen Gong is an all-rounder. Defeated the Yuan Army in World War I, gained great prestige and recovered many counties. In the first year of Xiangxing, the court established Wen Gong as the king, and led troops from Jiangxi to Guangdong to stop the Yuan Army in Chaoyang. Unfortunately, he was attacked and captured in Wupoling, Haifeng County. After that, the Yuan Army launched the last battle to destroy the Song Dynasty-the Armageddon at Cliff Sea. Zhang Hongfan, marshal of the Yuan and Han armies, took Wen Gong to Yamen Sea and forced him to write a letter to surrender to Zhang Shijie. Rejected by Wen Gong, in order to know his heart, he wrote a poem "Crossing Lingdingyang", which left a swan song in the cliff sea and made the gods cry.
Wen Gong wrote many poems in his life, which was compiled by later generations as The Complete Works of Mr. Wenshan. His poems are magnificent, vigorous and powerful. Dogs' poems written on the cliff, such as Song Zhengqi, Crossing the Lingdingyang and War at Sea, are most favored by future generations.
1279 At the beginning of February in the lunar calendar, the decisive battle of Yahai in the Song and Yuan Dynasties ended in the destruction of turquoise. As a witness of the "Waterloo" War, Wen Gong was in jail, watching thousands of ships in Song Jun vanish, and/kloc-more than ten thousand people were floating on the sea. Wen Gong "punishes it with pain, and it cannot be won." He wrote in a long poem: "there are thousands of ships at the ends of the earth, and the two males meet and fight hard." There was no war in ancient times, and there was no before and after. Rangers come and go day after day, and in January it's crane mussels. Southerners want to help Kunlun, while northerners want to be swallowed up by the Yellow River. The sky is stormy, the guns are rumbling, and the arrows are raining. Who is a woman and who is a man split instantly, and the body floats in the ocean. Yesterday, the south ship was full of cliffs, and now only the north ship is left. "
Facing the reality that the South China Sea was bloody and the country was devastated, he died of a broken heart. Wen Gong wrote in Crying Cliff Mountain: "Six treasures are like mountains, and there are thousands of crystal palaces. Wu er advanced and retreated to seek common ground, and the Han Dynasty rose and fell in an instant; Old Dan's heart is full of water. The lonely minister shed blood and tears in the south wind; Come to the market early. Where is it today? I realized that the world is empty! "
Answering Zhang Hongfan is a poem written by Wen Gong who refused to surrender and seal Zhang Hongfan. The burning passion can be seen in the poem: "If a noble person becomes famous, a martyr will die. Wisdom is still swallowing charcoal, and business is dying. Is it because of the blessing for the future that you are willing to survive the crisis? Throughout the ages, you only have tears. " . In the history books, Wen Gong argued with Zhang Hongfan, leaving Zhang Hongfan speechless with majesty and justice. Wen Gong's backbone is impressive.
Since then, Wen Gong has been sent to Yuan Dadu Earth Prison (now Wen Tianxiang Temple in Jiaokou, Beijing) and imprisoned for four years in a very harsh environment. He is indomitable and would rather die than surrender, which fully embodies the heroic nature of a great patriot. On December 9, Renwu year, he died generously at the mouth of the big belly pool, at the age of 47. It is worth mentioning that Wen Gong not only left great spiritual wealth for the Chinese nation, but also provided many clues for the current cliff archaeological work with the pen of historians. According to Wenshan Poetry Collection, the Song and Yuan Dynasties fought more than 400,000 people, fought more than 4,000 ancient ships, and sank more than 0/000 ships, which buried the Crystal Palace, the maritime palace of the Song Dynasty. These sunken ships and their contents are called "underwater terracotta warriors" by contemporary archaeologists.
Since 1990, archaeologists have discovered 19 suspected sunken ship and more than 200 military relics of the Southern Song Dynasty through sonar scanning under the cliff. At present, the underwater archaeology of Yahai has been included in the tenth five-year plan of national science and technology development, and several underwater sites will be excavated in a planned and step-by-step manner. Today, as we commemorate the 720th anniversary of Wen Tianxiang's glorious death, a dusty history will be presented to the world with the advancement of the archaeological work of treasure hunting in Yamen, which can comfort the underground writers and heroes. (Li Bailin)
Cliff naval battle
According to historical records, in February of A.D. 1279, the remnants of the Southern Song Dynasty and the Yuan Army launched a great naval battle in Yamen Sea (now Jiangmen City) in Xinhui, which lasted for more than 20 days. The two sides invested more than 500,000 troops and used more than 2,000 warships. In the end, Song Jun was completely annihilated, the warship sank, and 654.38 million corpses were floating at sea, which ended the Southern Song Dynasty.
In the second year of Song Deyou (1276), the Yuan Army entered Lin 'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang). In the Southern Song Dynasty, Empress Xie led hundreds of officials to surrender to the Yuan Army. Yang took Zhao Min, Yi Wang, Zhao Min and some ministers to Fujian and Guangdong to continue the Anti-Japanese War. Finally, she established a pilgrimage site in Yashan, Xinhui, Jiangmen, which was called "the two kings moved south" in history. On the way south, Chen, Zhang Shijie, Lu Xiufu, etc. Zhao Yunli made Li emperor and became emperor himself. 1March 278, Duanzong died in Tanzhou Island, Zhanjiang City. Lu Xiufu, Zhang Shijie and others made Zhao Min emperor again, and changed Jingyan three years to the first year of Xiangxing. During his stay in Yashan, Song Shaodi, Zhao Min built palaces and military houses, trained foot soldiers, made ships and weapons, and opened the market to promote trade. Hearing the news, all localities organized insurgents, delivered rations and materials, and assembled more than 200,000 officers and men.
In the second year of Xiangxing (1279), in the first month, marshal Zhang Hongfan of the Yuan Army, together with deputy commander Heng Li, attacked the cliff mountain by land and water. Zhang Shijie made a decisive battle plan, assembled more than 1000 warships, strengthened the surrounding battle net and formed a strong city at sea. Several attacks by the Yuan Army, including arson and storming, were repelled. Marshal Wen Tianxiang threatened to write to surrender, but Wen Tianxiang resolutely refused. In prison, Wen Tianxiang wrote "Crossing the Ocean in Dingding", which was a farewell song throughout the ages; He used Zhang Shijie's nephew to turn himself in and was scolded by Zhang Shijie. On the 22nd of the first month, the Yuan army occupied the periphery of the cliff mountain, cut off the grain and water supply line in Song Jun, ate dry food and drank salt water, vomited weakly, and its combat effectiveness declined. On the sixth day of February, the sky was overcast and stormy. Yuan army came early, and the tide ebbed at noon. From north to south, Zhang Hongfan attacked the city from the sea to the north. Although Song Jun fought hard all day, he was finally defeated and the fleet collapsed. Zhang Shijie saw that the tide was gone, and he couldn't find a young emperor and prime minister in the melee, so he led several warships through the fog. The young emperor Zhao Yun and the prime minister Lu Xiufu died in the sea on the cliff. "The harem ministers are all dead." "More than seven days later,1000000 people were found dead at sea." .
A few days later, Zhang Shijie came back to look for the emperor's room, only to know that Shaodi was dead, so he had to lead the fleet out to sea again and was unfortunately drowned by a hurricane when sailing to the waters near Hailing Island.
The cliff naval battle between the two armies and the alternation of the two dynasties is a rare naval battle in ancient history.
1April, 1999, the China Underwater Archaeological Team and many archaeologists from all over the country made a special trip to Jiangmen to attend the Yamen Underwater Archaeological Feasibility Seminar. National Cultural Heritage Administration decided to form a joint exploration team by the Underwater Archaeological Research Center of China History Museum, Guangdong Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, and relevant departments of Jiangmen and Xinhui City to conduct a comprehensive underwater archaeological investigation of the Yamen naval battle site in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Today, this ancient battlefield of "the naval battle of Yamen in Song and Yuan Dynasties" has become a patriotic education base. For many years, the People's Armed Forces Department of Xinhui regards the protection of ancient battlefield sites as an important task, and often sends militia squads and assault boats to patrol.